Dorothea Dix left home at an early age—of her own free will—to live with her grandmother.
At fourteen, Dorothea was teaching school at Worcester, Massachusetts. A short time after she had begun teaching, she set up a school for young girls in her grandparents’ home. Stress was placed on moral character at Dorothea’s school, which she conducted until she was thirty-three.
She was forced to give up teaching at her grandparents’ home, however, when she became ill a few years of inactivity followed.
In 1841 Dorothea began to teach again, accepting a Sunday school class in the East Cambridge, Massachusetts prison. Here she first came upon insane people (精神病人) locked up together with prisoners.
In those days insane people were treated even worse than prisoners. There were only a few madhouses in the entire country. Therefore prisons, poor houses, and houses of correction were used to keep the insane.
Dorothea Dix made a careful investigation of the inhuman treatment of the insane. It was considered unfeminine (不适合) for a woman to devote herself to such work at this time. But this did not stop Dorothea Dix from providing proper medical care for the insane.
Gradually, because of her investigations, conditions were improved. More than thirty mental institutions were founded or rebuilt in the United States because of her hard work. Dorothea also spread her investigations to England and to other parts of Europe.
During the Civil War, Dorothea served as superintendent (负责) of women hospital nurses in the Union army. When the war was over, she returned to her work of improving conditions for insane people.This article is mainly about ________.
social problems of the nineteenth century
how Dorothea Dix got her education
how Dorothea Dix devoted herself to education
how Dorothea Dix devoted herself to the work of improving conditions for insane people How did Dorothea Dix first realize the mistreatment of insane people?
Her grandmother treated the mistreatment of insane people.
She worked in an insane hospital as a young woman.
She taught Sunday school in a prison.
She was asked to investigate the problem. The author implies Dorothea Dix’s work with the insane was interrupted because of ________.
| A．an illness | B．the Civil War | C．her trip to England | D．her grandmother’s death |
How are the events of Dorothea Dix’s life presented in the passage?
| A．In space order. | B．In time order. |
| C．In alphabetical (字母的) order. | D．From greatest to least important. |
Across Britain, burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers. But, according to a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.
Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as £172,000 a year.
The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they are working, to determine the figure. This would make their yearly income £30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.
By analyzing the numbers, it found the average mother works 119 hours a week, 40 of which would usually be paid at a standard rate 79 hours as overtime. After questioning 1,000 mothers with children under 18, it found that, on most days, mums started their routine work at 7 am and finished at around 11 pm.
To calculate just how much mothers would earn from that labour, it suggested some of the roles that mums could take on, including housekeeper, part-time lawyer, personal trainer and entertainer. Being a part-time lawyer, at £48,98 an hour, would prove to be the most profitable of the “mum jobs”, with psychologist(心理学家) a close second.
It also asked mothers about the challenges they face, with 80 per cent making emotional(情感的) demand as the hardest thing about motherhood.
Over a third of mums felt they needed more training and around half said they missed going out with friends.
The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mother’s Day. The emotional, physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending, but children are also sources of great joy and happiness. Investing(投入) in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent.How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?
A. £30,000. B. £142,000.
C. £172,000. C. £202,000.The biggest challenge for most mothers is from .
| A．emotional demand |
| B．low pay for work |
| C．heavy workload |
| D．lack of training |
What is stressed in the last paragraph?
| A．mothers’ importance shows in family all year long. |
| B．The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile. |
| C．Mothers’ devotion to children can hardly be calculated. |
| D．Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return. |
What can we conclude from the study?
| A．Mothers’ working hours should be largely reduced. |
| B．Mothers should balance their time for work and rest. |
| C．Mothers’ labour is of a higher value than it is realized. |
| D．Mothers should be freed from housework for social life. |
A
Welcome to the Electronic Village to explore new ways of language teaching and learning.
| Electronic Village Program (Thursday, June 18,2015) |
|
| Nearpod ◇ 9:00 am to 10:00 am ◇ Room 501 Nearpod is a software program that creates a rich context(语境) for students to learn vocabulary. The presenter will show how to use it. |
TEO ◇ 2:00 pm to 3:00 pm ◇ Room 502 Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn on-line. The presenter will use examples from his first on-line class to explain how any teacher can begin teaching on-line with TEO. |
| Kahoot ◇ 10:30 am to 11:00 am ◇ Room 601 Kahoot software can be used to create grammar tests which can be graded on a network. It can provide students with instant feedback(反馈), including reports about their strengths and weaknesses. |
Prezi ◇ 3:00 pm to 4:20 pm ◇ Room 602 Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students’ attention to speaking more fluently. The presenter will show how students can use Prezi to confidently present on a variety of topics, including introducing family, friends, and hobbies. |
Nearpod can be used to .
| A．offer grammar tests |
| B．teach listening on-line |
| C．help vocabulary learning |
| D．gain fluency in speaking |
If you want to improve your speaking skills, you can go to .
| A．Room 501 | B．Room 502 |
| C．Room 601 | D．Room 602 |
Which of the following can assess your grammar learning?
| A．Nearpod. | B．Kahoot |
| C．TEO. | D．Prezi. |
A teacher who wants to learn on-line teaching is expected to arrive by .
| A．9:00 am | B．10:30 am |
| C．2:00 pm | D．3:30 pm |
Everyone has done experiments in high school laboratories，but have you ever thought about designing a satellite to explore space？
On Nov．19，a team of students from Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology in the US awed peers and even scientists by successfully launching a satellite．
The first satellite designed and built by high school students was sent up into space along with a record setting．28 other small ones on a rocket were sent from a NASA center in Virginia，CNN reported．It took the students seven years to build．
The students call their tiny satellite TJ3Sat，which is named after their school．It is just 10x10x12 centimeters and weighs only 0．89 kilograms，according to Orbital Sciences，a company which developed the rocket and supported the students’ project．It can be controlled with a smartphone．
Like most satellites，TJ3Sat can send and receive data．The small spacecraft is equipped with a voice synthesizer (合成器)，which can switch text to voice and transmit those sounds back to Earth over radio waves，said Orbital officials．In this case，anyone can give it a try via the project’s website (school website) by submitting (提交) a text．The texts that get approved will be sent to the satellite，changed to voice and then broadcast back to Earth via radio waves．
“I can say ‘Go Colonials’on our ground station and when it is on the other side of the world，in India，someone can hear‘Go Colonials’over the radio，”the team explains on the website．
The satellite will stay in space for at least three months．
School principal Evan Glazer told The Washington Post that the project started in 2006 as an activity in the spare time．Later it became a research project for a select group of seniors．
At a time when American students are busy with SATs，the launch of the satellite shows what diligent teenagers can achieve when allowed to pursue their own curiosities，Glazer said．
“It used to be that kids growing up wanted to be an astronaut,” Andrew Petro，program executive (主管) for small spacecraft technology at NASA，said in a statement．“I think we might be seeing kids saying what they want to do is build a spacecraft．The idea here is that they really can do that．”The underlined word “awed” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _____．
| A．influenced |
| B．amazed |
| C．delighted |
| D．inspired |
Which of the following statements about TJ3Sat is TRUE according to the article？
| A．It took a group of students about a decade to build the satellite． |
| B．Besides TJ3Sat，28 other small satellites were built by the students． |
| C．TJ3Sat can receive text messages that the students send into space，which can be changed to voice messages and broadcast back to Earth． |
| D．TJ3Sat is expected to stay in orbit for the next year，sending out messages together with information about its position in space． |
According to the article，the launch of the satellite _______．
| A．is evidence of the advance of spacecraft technology |
| B．proves that hard working teenagers can achieve a lot |
| C．shows the importance of extracurricular activities at school |
| D．has inspired many people to take an interest in space travel |
Whether you’re eating at a fancy restaurant or dining in someone’s home，proper table manners are likely to help you make a good impression．According to a US expert，Emily Post，“All rules of table manners are made to avoid ugliness．”
While Henry Hitchings of the Los Angeles Times admits that good manners can reduce social conflict，he points out that mostly their purpose is protective – they turn our natural warrior like selves into more elegant ones．
So where did table manners come from？
In medieval England，a writer named Petrus Alfonsi took the lead to urge people not to speak with their mouths full．And King David I of Scotland also proposed that any of his people who learned to eat more neatly be given a tax deduction (减除)．
Disappointingly，that idea never caught on．It was during the Renaissance，when there were real technical developments，opinions of correct behavior changed for good．“None of these was more significant than the introduction of the table fork,” wrote Hitchings．“Gradually，as forks became popular，they brought the new way of eating，making it possible，for instance，to consume berries without making one’s fingers dirty．”
Forks were introduced to Britain in 1608 and 25 years later，the first table fork reached America．Yet while most of the essentials (基本要素) are the same on both sides of the Atlantic，there are a few clear differences between what’s normal in the US and what holds true in the UK．For example，in the US，when food needs cutting with a knife，people generally cut a bite，then lay aside the knife and switch the fork to their right hand．Then they pick up one bite at a time．By contrast，Britons keep the fork in the left hand and don’t lay the knife down．
Though globalization has developed a new，simpler international standard of table manners，some people still stick with the American cut and switch method．The Los Angeles Times noted，“They are hanging on to a form of behavior that favors manners above efficiency．”What does the story mainly talk about？
| A．The importance of proper table manners． |
| B．The development of table manners in Western countries． |
| C．Some unwritten rules of table manners in the US and UK． |
| D．Differences between American and British table manners． |
The underlined phrase “caught on” in the passage probably means ______．
| A．worked in practice |
| B．became popular |
| C．drew attention |
| D．had a positive effect |
Which of the following events influenced people’s table manners most according to the article？
| A．The introduction of forks． |
| B．The tax deduction policy． |
| C．The rise of the Renaissance． |
| D．Petrus Alfonsi’s efforts in promoting table manners． |
What can we conclude from the article？
| A．British and American table manners are completely different from each other． |
| B．American people pay more attention to their table manners than British people do． |
| C．With globalization，the American cut and switch method has been abandoned in the US． |
| D．British people’s way of using a knife and fork may be more efficient than American people’s． |
Homework and stress are rarely reduced inside the classroom．Meanwhile，outside the classroom，the pressure is on to find scholarships for college．
According to Braintrack，a higher education database with worldwide reach，more than 3 billion US dollars (18 billion yuan) in private scholarships are awarded to college students annually．Average awards range from $2,000 to $3,000．
The scholarship application process is similar to the college application process: forms to be completed，test scores and transcripts to be sent，essays to be written and often interviews to be prepared for．
A few great places to start looking for scholarships are: www．fastweb．com，www．finaid．org and www．collegexpress．com．Check out the annual scholarship guidebooks Scholarships，Grants & Prizes by Peterson’s and the Ultimate Scholarship Book: Billions of Dollars in Scholarships，Grants and Prizes by Gen Tanabe and Kelly Tanabe．
Be selective．Thoroughly research the qualifications required by each of the scholarships．Don’t waste your time applying for those that are need based if you can’t produce the appropriate documents．
Research past recipients (接受者)．Check out the websites of the organizations sponsoring the scholarships．Many post the biographies of past recipients．You don’t need to have cured cancer，but if you don’t think your résumé (履历) measures up to the past winners’，you might be better served by moving onto the next scholarship on your list．Prepare for the interview．
You’ll want to dazzle them with your personality，but above all you’ll want to be prepared．Find someone you trust to conduct a similar interview with you – someone who will be honest with you and provide valuable suggestions．
Let your personality shine through in your essays．The essays are the best way for students to share who they are，where they’ve come from，what they’ve overcome and so on．Tell your story in an interesting and persuasive way．And if you do have an interview，send a thank you note afterward．
By Lee BiererWhat is the author’s main purpose in writing the article？
| A．To explain where to find scholarships for US colleges． |
| B．To inform readers of the scholarship application process． |
| C．To introduce some typical scholarships offered by US colleges． |
| D．To give tips on applying for US college scholarships． |
If you want to learn about past recipients of a scholarship，you can use ______．
| A．www．collegexpress．com |
| B．the annual scholarship guidebooks published by Peterson’s |
| C．the websites of the organizations sponsoring the scholarships |
| D．The Ultimate Scholarship Book: Billions of Dollars in Scholarships，Grants and Prizes |
The underlined word “dazzle” in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to ___．
| A．influence | B．impress | C．guide | D．present |
To increase your chance of winning a scholarship，you are advised to ____．
| A．apply for as many scholarships as you can |
| B．tell an interesting story in your essay |
| C．do a similar interview to help you prepare for the real one |
| D．have a talk with past recipients and try to talk like they do |