Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die. But people now live longer than they 36 . Yet, all living things still show the 37 of aging, which will eventually 38 death.
Aging is not a disease, but as a person passes maturity (成熟期), the cells of the body and the 39 they form do not function as well as they 40 in childhood and teenage years. The body provides less 41 against disease and is more 42 to have accident.
A number of related causes may 43 aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not 44 when they die. As a person ages, 45 of brain cells and muscle cells decreases. 46 body cells die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the 47 cells may not be as workable or as capable 48 growth as those of a young person.
Another 49 in aging may be changes within the cells 50 . Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known 51 with age and become less elastic (有弹性的). This is why the skin of old people wrinkles (皱纹) and 52 . This is also the reason why old people 53 in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and 54 information that the cells need． Aging may affect this 55 and change the information-carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.
36. A．would B．be used to C．used to D． used
37. A．function B．effect C．affect D． sign
38. A．lead in B．give in C．run into D． result in
39. A．hands B．feet C．heart D． organs
40. A．do B．has done C．did D． had done
41. A．energy B．protection C．vigor D． power
42. A．likely B．probable C．possible D． alike
43. A．attend to B．contribute to C．add to D． devote to
44. A．replaced B．reborn C．recovered D． surrendered
45. A．a number B．the amount C．the number D． a great deal
46. A．The others B．The other C．Another D．Other
47. A．old B．left C．new D． other
48. A．to B．for C．of D． in
49. A．factor B．effect C．reason D． element
50. A．for themselves B．of themselves C．themselves D． on their own
51. A．change B．to have changed C．to change D． to be changed
52. A．hangs loose B．hangs loosely C．is hanging loosely D． is hanging loose
53. A．increase B．shrink C．lengthen D． decrease
54. A．pass away B．pass by C．pass off D． pass on
55. A．improvement B．procession C．approach D． process
Recently，I took a trip home by train．I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who kept 1 a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap．The woman's eye fell on the man's face，and she immediately looked down and 2 her scarf．
As the night wore on，people began to close their eyes，but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any 3 ．The woman looked over at the man．He was still staring at her．She looked back at him with fire in her eyes．I was beginning to get 4 ，too．
The train moved on．The little boy was 5 awake on his mother's lap，but the woman dropped off to sleep．A moment later，he began to 6 the half-open window-one leg went over it．The man jumped up and 7 the child just before he fell out．
The 8 woke up the woman．She seemed to be in 9，and then reality dawned （显现）．"Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window，"the man said as he gave the child back to her. ．"So I have been watching the whole time．"The woman was 10 ，and so was I．
1.
| A． |
guiding |
B． |
bothering |
C． |
watching |
D． |
monitoring |
2.
| A． |
adjusted |
B． |
changed |
C． |
packed |
D． |
waved |
3.
| A． |
air |
B． |
joy |
C． |
space |
D． |
rest |
4.
| A． |
nervous |
B． |
embarrassed |
C． |
angry |
D． |
disappointed |
5.
| A． |
almost |
B． |
still |
C． |
hardly |
D． |
even |
6.
| A． |
drag |
B． |
climb |
C． |
knock |
D． |
push |
7.
| A． |
grabbed |
B． |
rocked |
C． |
touched |
D． |
picked |
8.
| A． |
alarm |
B． |
quarrel |
C． |
risk |
D． |
noise |
9.
| A． |
sorrow |
B． |
relief |
C． |
panic |
D． |
pain |
10.
| A． |
astonished |
B． |
confused |
C． |
concerned |
D． |
inspired |
When 17﹣year﹣old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends， they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates．（1） ， they stick to G﹣rated activities such as rock﹣climbing or talking about books．
They are in good company， according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into （2） ． The study， published Tuesday in the journal Child Development， found that the percentage of adolescents in the U． S． who have a driver's license， who have tried alcohol， who date， and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976， with the most precipitous （急剧的）（3） in the past decade． The declines appeared across race， geographic， and socioeconomic lines， and in rural， urban， and suburban areas．
To be sure， more than half of teens still engage in these activities， but the （4） have slimmed considerably． Teens have also reported a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades， as the portion of high school students who have had sex fell from 54 percent in 1991 to 41 percent in 2015， according to Centers for Disease Control statistics． "People say，'Oh， it's because teenagers are more responsible， or more lazy， or more boring，' but they're （5） the larger trend，" said Jean Twenge， lead author of the study， which drew on seven large time﹣lag surveys of Americans． Rather， she said， kids may be less （6） in activities such as dating， driving or getting jobs because in today's society， they no longer need to．
According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's "life strategy" slows down or speeds up depending on his or her （7） ， exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development， while a more resource﹣rich and secure environment has the （8） effect， the study said． In the first （9） ， "You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode， start having kids young， expect your kids will have kids young， and expect that there will be more （10） and fewer resources，" said Twenge， a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of "iGen： Why Today's Super﹣Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious， More Tolerant， Less Happy﹣and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood．"
In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more （11） about marriage， and driving a car and working for pay would be important for "establishing mate value based on procurement of resources，" the study said． But America is shifting more toward the （12） model， and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum， Twenge said． "Even in families whose parents didn't have a college education…families are smaller， and the idea that children need to be carefully （13） has really sunk in．" The （14） of "adult activities" could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities， the study said， noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurriculars as they did in the 1990s （with the exception of community service， which has risen slightly）． Nor could the use of smart phones and the Internet be entirely the （15） ， the report said， since the decline began before they were widely available． If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections， it is a good thing， he said．
|
（1）A． Therefore |
B． Rather |
C． Moreover |
D． Besides |
|
（2）A． childhood |
B．neighborhood |
C． adolescents |
D． adulthood |
|
（3）A． escapes |
B． ends |
C． decreases |
D． changes |
|
（4）A． minorities |
B． majorities |
C． masses |
D． amounts |
|
（5）A． taking |
B． avoiding |
C． sending |
D． missing |
|
（6）A． interested |
B． envied |
C． relieved |
D． realized |
|
（7）A． emotions |
B． surroundings |
C． customs |
D． habits |
|
（8）A． wrong |
B． same |
C． opposite |
D． similar |
|
（9）A． event |
B． issue |
C． case |
D． occasion |
|
（10）A． trouble |
B． questions |
C． benefits |
D． diseases |
|
（11）A． respectively |
B． delicately |
C． seriously |
D． considerably |
|
（12）A． slower |
B． better |
C． smaller |
D． faster |
|
（13）A． emphasized |
B． related |
C． organized |
D． educated |
|
（14）A． implement |
B． postponement |
C． achievement |
D． payment |
|
（15）A． cause |
B． impact |
C． fact |
D． result |
Famous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is to "do what you love．" But mastering a skill， even one that you deeply love， （1） a huge amount of dull work． Anyone who want to master a skill must run through the cycle of practice， （2） feedback， modification， and increasing improvement again， again and again． Some people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and take pleasure in their gradual improvement． Yet others find this kind of focused， time﹣intensive work to be （3） or boring． Why？
The difference may turn on the ability to enter into a state of "flow，" the feeling of being completely （4） in what you are doing． Whether you call it being "in the zone，" or something else， a flow state is a special experience． Since Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi developed the （5） of flow in the 1970's， it has been a mainstay of positive﹣psychology research． Flow states can happen in the course of any activity， and they are most common when a task has well﹣defined goals and is at a（n） （6） skill level， and where the individual is able to （7） their performance to clear and immediate feedback．
Csikszentmihalyi suggested that those who most （8） entered into flow states had an "autotelic personality （自带目的性人格）" a disposition to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow． While those without such a personality see difficulties， autotelic individuals see opportunities to build skills． Autotelic individuals are receptive and open to new challenges． They are also （9） and have low levels of self﹣centeredness． Such people， with their capacity for "disinterested interest" have a great （10） over others in developing their innate abilities．
Fortunately for those of us who aren't （11） blessed with an autotelic personalily， there is evidence that flow states can be （12） by environmental factors． （13） ， the learning framework prescribed by Montessori schools seems to encourage flow states．
While there isn't （yet） a pill that can turn mundane practice into a thrilling activity for anyone， it is heartening that we seem， at least to some （14） ， to be able to nudge ourselves toward flow states． By giving ourselves unstructured， open﹣ended time， minimal （15） ， and a task set at a moderate level of difficulty， we may be able to love what we're doing while we put in the hard work practicing the things we loving doing．
|
（1）A． inquires |
B． requires |
C． acquires |
D． gains |
|
（2）A． preventable |
B． maintainable |
C． sustainable |
D． critical |
|
（3）A． frustrating |
B． encouraging |
C． concerning |
D． instructing |
|
（4）A． improved |
B． indicated |
C． involved |
D． inspired |
|
（5）A． concept |
B． receipt |
C． reception |
D． condition |
|
（6）A． alternative |
B． appropriate |
C． approximate |
D． sufficient |
|
（7）A． make |
B． adopt |
C． adapt |
D． adjust |
|
（8）A． fully |
B． really |
C． readily |
D． accidentally |
|
（9）A． generous |
B． persistent |
C． courageous |
D． resistant |
|
（10）A． addict |
B． advance |
C． advantage |
D． admire |
|
（11）A． necessarily |
B． obviously |
C． gradually |
D． occasionally |
|
（12）A． forbidden |
B． functioned |
C． fastened |
D． facilitated |
|
（13）A． In particular |
B． For example |
C． In conclusion |
D．In comparison |
|
（14）A． intention |
B． degree |
C． purpose |
D． extension |
|
（15）A． temptation |
B． charming |
C． attractions |
D． distractions |
When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person，we usually say " sorry， （1） number!" and move on． But when Dennis Williams（2） a text that clearly wasn't intended for him， he did something （3） ．
On March 19， Dennis got a group text （4） him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital， waiting for the（5） of a baby．
"Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken，" Dennis （6） ． The baby was born and update texts were （7） quickly from the overjoyed grandmother， Teresa． In her （8） ， she didn't seem to realized that she was （9） the baby′s photos with a complete stranger． "Well， I don't （10） you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby，" replied Dennis before asking which room the new （11） were in．
Much to the family's surprise， Dennis stuck to his（12） ! He turned up at the hospital（13） gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy． Lindsey′s husband was totally（14） by the unexpected visit． "I don't think we would have randomly invited him over but we（15） it and the gifts．"
Teresa（16） a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website（17） by the touching words：" What a（18） this young man was to our family! He was so（19） and kind to do this． " The post has since gained the （20） of social media users all over the world， receiving more than 184，000 shares and 61， 500 likes in just three days．
（1）
| A． |
unlucky |
B． |
secret |
C． |
new |
D． |
wrong |
（2）
| A． |
received |
B． |
translated |
C． |
copied |
D． |
printed |
（3）
| A． |
reasonable |
B． |
special |
C． |
necessary |
D． |
practical |
（4）
| A． |
convincing |
B． |
reminding |
C． |
informing |
D． |
warning |
（5）
| A． |
wake﹣up |
B． |
recovery |
C． |
growth |
D． |
arrival |
（6）
| A． |
responded |
B． |
interrupted |
C． |
predicted |
D． |
repeated |
（7）
| A． |
coming in |
B． |
setting out |
C． |
passing down |
D． |
moving around |
（8）
| A． |
opinion |
B． |
anxiety |
C． |
excitement |
D． |
effort |
（9）
| A． |
comparing |
B． |
exchanging |
C． |
discussing |
D． |
sharing |
（10）
| A． |
accept |
B． |
know |
C． |
believe |
D． |
bother |
（11）
| A． |
parents |
B． |
doctors |
C． |
patients |
D． |
visitors |
（12）
| A． |
dream |
B． |
promise |
C． |
agenda |
D． |
principle |
（13）
| A． |
bearing |
B． |
collecting |
C． |
opening |
D． |
making |
（14）
| A． |
discouraged |
B． |
relaxed |
C． |
astonished |
D． |
defeated |
（15）
| A． |
admit |
B． |
need |
C． |
appreciate |
D． |
expect |
（16）
| A． |
found |
B． |
selected |
C． |
developed |
D． |
posted |
（17）
| A． |
confirmed |
B． |
simplified |
C． |
clarified |
D． |
accompanied |
（18）
| A． |
pity |
B． |
blessing |
C． |
relief |
D． |
problem |
（19）
| A． |
smart |
B． |
calm |
C． |
sweet |
D． |
fair |
（20）
| A． |
sympathy |
B． |
attention |
C． |
control |
D． |
trust |
We have all heard how time is more valuable than money， but is it （1） to have too much time？
I （2） back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also （3） a team sport． By the time I got home， I only had a few hours to do my homework， and I had to do it（4） ．
When I got into college， things（5） ． I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time． Because of all this （6） time， there was no sense of （7） to do my school work immediately． I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a （8） ． Once that happened， I just kept（9） my studying further and further back in my day． Then I got to the point where I was （10） really late at night to get my work done．
One day I（11） a former classmate of mine who was （12） a lot of money running a sideline （副业）． Since his regular job was （13） ， I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full﹣time． He said without the job， he would （14） have too much time and would just do what I did back in（15） ． He said that if he （16） the job， he would lose his （17） to work and succeed．
So， try （18） your time with other work． This is why there is a（19） that if you want something done， ask a （20） person to do it．
（1）
| A． |
true |
B． |
fair |
C． |
strange |
D． |
possible |
（2）
| A． |
remember |
B． |
admit |
C． |
understand |
D． |
expect |
（3）
| A． |
watched |
B． |
loved |
C． |
coached |
D． |
played |
（4）
| A． |
at last |
B． |
right away |
C． |
of course |
D． |
as usual |
（5）
| A． |
happened |
B． |
repeated |
C． |
changed |
D． |
mattered |
（6）
| A． |
extra |
B． |
difficult |
C． |
valuable |
D． |
limited |
（7）
| A． |
duty |
B． |
achievement |
C． |
urgency |
D． |
direction |
（8）
| A． |
burden |
B． |
relief |
C． |
risk |
D． |
habit |
（9）
| A． |
pushing |
B． |
taking |
C． |
setting |
D． |
calling |
（10）
| A． |
hanging out |
B． |
staying up |
C． |
jogging round |
D． |
showing off |
（11）
| A． |
met |
B． |
helped |
C． |
treated |
D． |
hired |
（12）
| A． |
raising |
B． |
wasting |
C． |
demanding |
D． |
making |
（13）
| A． |
safe |
B． |
important |
C． |
boring |
D． |
rewarding |
（14）
| A． |
luckily |
B． |
hardly |
C． |
hopefully |
D． |
simply |
（15）
| A． |
childhood |
B． |
college |
C． |
town |
D． |
business |
（16）
| A． |
quit |
B． |
found |
C． |
accepted |
D． |
kept |
（17）
| A． |
heart |
B． |
chance |
C． |
drive |
D． |
way |
（18）
| A． |
saving |
B． |
filling up |
C． |
giving up |
D． |
trading |
（19）
| A． |
message |
B． |
story |
C． |
saying |
D． |
fact |
（20）
| A． |
careful |
B． |
busy |
C． |
reliable |
D． |
kind |