There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved (演化) from ceremony. The argument for this view goes as follows.
In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world -even the seasonal changes - as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then kept and repeated until they hardened into fixed ceremonies. Eventually stories arose which explained the mysteries of the ceremonies. As time passed some ceremonies were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, remained and provided material for art and drama.
Those who believe that drama evolved out of ceremony also argue that those ceremonies contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium " . In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the performing of ceremonies, religious leaders usually took that task.. Wearing masks and costumes, they often acted other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and imitated the desired effect -- success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, etc. as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.
Another theory traces(追溯) the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war, etc) are gradually developed, at first through the use of action and dialogue, and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.Which is the best title of the passage?
| A．Religious activities in ancient Greece. | B．The ceremonies in ancient Greece. |
| C．Drama theories. | D．The origin of Greek Drama. |
According to the passage, drama_______________.
| A．was played in memory of ancient Greek ceremonies |
| B．was a form of ceremony played by ancient Greeks to control unknown powers |
| C．evolved out of ancient Greek ceremonies with time passing by |
| D．is one of the measures Ancient Greeks took to view natural forces |
What do drama and ancient ceremonies have in common according to the passage?
| A．Both of them were performed in theaters. |
| B．Music, dance, masks, costumes and so on were contained in both of them. |
| C．Religious leaders were in charge of both of them. |
| D．Both of them were concerned about natural power. |
In tracing the beginning of drama, which of the following is not mentioned?
| A．Planting. | B．Religious ceremonies. |
| C．Gymnastic. | D．Storytelling. |
It can be inferred from the passage that____________________.
| A．human beings loved to tell stories |
| B．people could do nothing about nature |
| C．religious leaders tried to develop the effective form of drama |
| D．religious activities played a very important role in the evolvement of drama |
I can remember the day my father came home from the war. As he walked up the front path of our home, he saw Mum and me and he dropped the suitcase.
I was only five years old so Dad made a fuss of me, then began making an even bigger fuss of my mother. This left me free to examine all the stuff lying around the broken suitcase, and I was quick to notice a newspaper advertisement displaying a new piano. When Dad saw me holding up the newspaper cutting, he smiled.
“Yes, that’s right,” he said. “I bought your mum a piano for ten pounds down and two pounds a week.”
A few moments later, a horse pulled a cart with a piano on top. Soon we all stared at it in our small lounger room. Mum had never been close to a piano before, except at the kindergarten I attended, and she used to say how wonderful it would be if the teachers could teach her to play.
After tea that night, Mum began to teach herself to play. She plinked the keys for about two hours and drove everybody in the street mad, until Dad gently said, “Enough is enough.”
From that day on, she would plink between doing the cooking and housework. Three months went by and Mum was now a skilled pianist, holding parties with all the neighbors gathering around to sing.
Although we were poor, Mum felt like a princess and was delighted at all the attention she was receiving.
At the height of Mum’s happiness, I began to notice that Dad was looking increasingly worried. It turned out that since returning from the war, he’d been unable to find a job. Then, a few weeks later, I observed two men taking Mum’s piano away. Mum sobbed in the kitchen. Suddenly, it all became clear to me: no job, no money, no piano.
Dad finally got a job. Mum was happy again as if he’d just win the lottery(彩票). Dad had to study to qualify as an account. Every night after dinner he’d place a stack of books on the kitchen table and study late into the night. Mum didn’t say much but I could tell she was proud of Dad.
Two years later, Dad bought Mum another piano. This time he paid cash for it.How did the author’s Dad buy the piano for his mum?
| A．He paid part of the bill regularly. |
| B．He earned it by winning a bet. |
| C．He paid cash for it. |
| D．He bought it as a big bargain. |
By saying “Enough is enough”, the author’s dad meant_______.
| A．practice makes perfect |
| B．it was time to stop practicing |
| C．he couldn’t bear being troubled |
| D．his wife played the piano well enough |
What made the author’s mum proud of his dad?
| A．His dad’s willingness to help cook. |
| B．His dad’s winning the lottery luckily. |
| C．His dad’s loyalty to his motherland. |
| D．His dad’s determination to rebuild his life. |
Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse, according to the doctors. I feel there are a number of reasons for this.
Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded (包围) by shops selling unhealthy, fatty foods, such as fried chicken and ice-cream, at low prices. This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves. If there were fewer of these restaurants, then probably children will buy less take away food.
There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight. I agree with this because good eating habits begin early in life, long before children start to visit fast food shops. If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food or are always allowed to choose what they eat, they will go for sweet and salty foods every time, this will carry on throughout their lives.
There is a third reason for this situation. Children these days take very little exercise. They do not walk to school. When they get home, they sit in front of the television or their computers and play computer games. Not only is this an pastime(消遣), it also give them time to eat more unhealthy food. What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.
The above are the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as steering them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.According to the passage, what kind of children may eat more unhealthy food?
| A．Those who often took exercise. |
| B．Those who often watch TV. |
| C．Those who often have meals at home. |
| D．Those who often walk to school. |
The author thinks that children are becoming overweight because _____.
| A．their parents often cook meals for them |
| B．they are too busy to go out and play |
| C．they can’t choose what to eat |
| D．there are so many fast food shops around |
The word “steering”underlined in the last sentence most probably means _____.
| A．forcing | B．guiding | C．driving | D．moving |
The main purpose of the passage is to _____.
| A．tell a story | B．provide facts | C．give advice | D．compare opinions |
According to this advertisement ,at the Forum people _________.
| A．come together in order to form an organization |
| B．eat together to celebrate their success or victory |
| C．work together for the purpose of business or trade |
| D．express different opinions and discuss public matters |
If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time ,you will save .
A．$100 B．$350 D．$400 D．$300“Space is limited ,so early registration is welcome” means.
| A．you’ll lose the good chance if you don’t register soon |
| B．space is limited ,so you can’t register now |
| C．space is too limited for you to register |
| D．you’ll be given a special offer if you register now |
The main purpose of this advertisement is to .
| A．promise everyone can pay less money to attend the Forum |
| B．encourage more people to attend the Forum in time |
| C．call on the people in the north of the USA to go south for holidays |
| D．introduce some new activities and topics of the Forum |
Since many of you are planning to study at a college or university in this country, you may be curious to know what you usually do in a typical week, how you can get along with your fellow students, and so on. These are the questions I want to discuss with you today.
First, let’s talk about what your weekly schedule will look like. No matter what your major may be, you can expect to spend between four and six hours a week for each class attending lectures. Lectures are usually in very large rooms because some courses such as introduction to sociology or economics often have as many as two or three hundred students, especially at large universities. In lectures, it’s very important for you to take notes on what the professor says because the information a lecture is often different from the information in your textbooks. Also, you can expect to have exam questions based on the lectures. So it isn’t enough to just read your textbooks; you have to attend lectures as well. In a typical week you will also have a couple of hours of discussion for every class you take. The discussion section is a small group meeting usually with fewer than thirty students where you can ask questions about the lectures, the reading, and the homework. In large universities, graduate students, called teaching assistants, usually direct discussion sections.
If your major is chemistry, or physics, or another science, you’ll also have to spend several hours a week in the lab, or laboratory, doing experiments. This means that science majors spend more time in the classroom than non science majors do. On the other hand, people who major in subjects like literature or history usually have to read and write more than science majors do.The main purpose of this text is.
| A．to persuade the students to attend lectures |
| B．to encourage the students to take part in discussions |
| C．to advise the students to choose proper majors |
| D．to help the students to learn about university life. |
We can learn from the passage that university professors.
| A．spend about 5 hours on lectures each week |
| B．must join the students in the discussion sections |
| C．require the students to read beyond the textbooks |
| D．prefer to use textbooks in their lectures |
A discussion section does NOT include.
| A．talking over what the students have read about the courses |
| B．working under the guidance of university professors |
| C．discussing the problems related to the students’ homework |
| D．raising questions about what a professor has said in a lecture |
According to the author, science majors.
| A．read and write less than non science majors |
| B．have to work harder than non science majors |
| C．spend less time on their studies than non science majors |
| D．consider experiments more important than discussions |
I fell in love with England because it was quaint (古雅)—all those little houses, looking terribly old-fashioned but nice, like dolls’ houses. I loved the countryside and the pubs, and I loved London. I’ve slightly changed my mind after seventeen years because I think it’s an ugly town now.
Things have changed. For everybody, England meant gentlemen, fair play, and good manners. The fair play is going, unfortunately, and so are the gentlemanly attitudes and good manners—people shut doors heavily in your face and politeness is disappearing.
I regret that there are so few comfortable meeting places. You’re forced to live indoors. In Paris I go out much more, to restaurants and nightclubs. To meet friends here it usually has to be in a pub, and it can be difficult to go there alone as a woman. The cafes are not terribly nice.
As a woman, I feel unsafe here. I spend a bomb on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p. m. I used to use it, but now I’m afraid.
The idea of family seems to be more or less non-existent in England. My family is well united and that’s typically French. In Middlesex I had a neighbour who is 82 now. His family only lived two miles away, but I took him to France for Christmas once because he was always alone.The writer doesn’t like London because she ______.
| A．has lived there for seventeen years |
| B．prefers to live in an old-fashioned house |
| C．is not used to the life there now |
| D．has to be polite to everyone she meets there |
Where do people usually meet their friends in England?
| A．In a pub. | B．In a cafe. | C．In a restaurant. | D．In a nightclub. |
The writer took her neighbour to France for Christmas because he ______.
| A．had never been to France | B．was from a typical French family |
| C．didn't like the British idea of family | D．felt lonely in England |