From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us.When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool.Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kinds future 3 and cultural growth increased.
Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language.They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood.Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development.
Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades.Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed.
16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum.Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language.This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings isnecessary for proper language development.Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities.These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them.Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
1.A.generated B.evolved C.born D.originated
2.A.valuable B.appropriate C.convenient D.favorite
3.A.attainments B.feasibilityC.entertainments D.evolution
4.A.essential B.available C.reliable D.responsible
5.A.confirm B.inform C.claim D.convince
6.A.for B.from C.of D.with
7.A.organizations B.organisms C.humans D.children
8.A.potential B.performance C.preference D.passion
9.A.as B.just as C.like D.unlike
10.A.ideological B.biological C.social D.psychological
11.A.reviews B.reference C.reaction D.recommendation
12.A.In a word B.In a sense C.Indeed D.In other words
13.A.various B.different C.the higher D.the lower
14.A.revealed B.exposed C.engaged D.involved
15.A.regulations B.formations C.rules D.constitutions
16.A.Although B.Whether C.Since D.When
17.A.distinguished B.different C.protected D.isolated
18.A.exposition B.comparison C.contrast D.interaction
19.A.acquisition B.appreciation C.requirement D.alternative
20.A.As a result B.After all C.In other words D.Above all
完形填空(共20小题,每题1分,共20分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从41-60各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In the doorway of my home, I looked closely at my 23-year-old son, Daniel. In a few hours he would be flying to France to 41 a different life. It was a transitional(过渡的)time in Daniel's life. I wanted to 42him some words of significance. But nothing came from my lips, and this was not the 43time I had let such moments pass.
When Daniel was five, I took him to the bus stop on his first day of kindergarten. He asked, “What is it going to be like, Dad? Can I do it?” Then he walked 44the steps of the bus and disappeared inside. The bus drove away and I said nothing. A decade later, a similar 45played itself out. I drove him to college. As I started to leave, I tried to think of something to say to give him 46and confidence as he started this new stage of life. Again, words 47me.
Now, as I stood before him, I thought of those 48 opportunities. How many times have I let such moments 49 ? I don't find a quiet moment to tell him what they have 50to me. Or what he might 51to face in the years ahead. Maybe I thought it was not necessary to say anything.
What does it matter in the course of a lifetime if a father never tells a son what he really thinks of him? 52as I stood before Daniel, I knew that it did matter. My father and I loved each other. Yet, I always 53 never hearing him put his 54into words. Now I could feel my palms sweat and my throat tighten. Why is it so55 to tell a son something from the heart?
My mouth turned dry, and I knew I would be able to get out only a few words clearly. “Daniel,” I said, “If I could have picked, I would have picked you.” That's all I could say. He hugged me. For a moment, the world 56 , and there were just Daniel and me. He was saying something, but tears misted my eyes, and I couldn't understand what he was saying. All I was 57 of was the stubble(短须)on his chin as his face pressed 58 mine. What I had said to Daniel was 59 . It was nothing. And yet, it was 60.
41. A. experience B. spend C. enjoy D. shape
42. A. show B. give C. leave D. instruct
43. A. last B. first C. very D. next
44. A. upward B. into C. down D. up
45. A. sign B. scene C. scenery D. sight
46. A. interest B. instruction C. courage D. direction
47. A. failed B. discouraged C. struck D. troubled
48. A. future B. embarrassing C. obvious D. lost
49. A. last B. pass C. fly D. remain
50. A. counted B. meant C. valued D. eared
51. A. think B. want C. expect D. wish
52. A. But B. And C. Instead D. So
53. A. wondered B. regretted C. minded D. tried
54. A. views B. actions C. feelings D. attitudes
55. A. important B. essential C. hard D. complex
56. A. disappeared B. changed C. progressed D. advanced
57. A. sensitive B. convinced C. aware D. tired
58. A. by B. against C. on D. with
59. A. clumsy B. gentle C. absurd D. moving
60. A. none B. all C. anything D. everything
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension: 35%
Part A: Cloze Test 15%
Competition for admission to the country’s top private schools has always been tough. This is spreading from Manhattan to the rest of the country. Precise 50 data on private schools are unavailable, but interviews with representatives of independent and religious schools all told the same 51: too many applicants, higher rejection rates. Surveys indicate that Americans’ No. 1 52 is education. 53 the long economic boom(繁荣) has given parents more income, many are turning to private schools, even at price tags of well over $10,000 a year. “We’re getting applicants from a broader area, 54, than we ever have in the past,” said Besty Haugh of the Latin School of Chicago, which experienced a 20 percent increase in 55 this year.
The problem is that while demand has increased, supply has not. “Every year, there are a few children who do not find places, but this year, for the first time that I know of, there are a(n) 56 number of children who don’t have places,” said Krents, who also heads a private-school admissions group in New York.
So what can parents do to give their 4-year-old a(n) 57? Schools know there is no simple way to pick a class when children are so young. Many schools give preference to boys or girls or alumni(校友) children. Some use lotteries. But most rely on a 58 of subjective and objective measures: tests that at best 59 developmental maturity and learning potential, interviews with parents and observation of applicants in classroom settings. They also want a diverse mix. Children may end up on a waiting list simply because their birthdays 60 at the wrong time year, or because too many applicants were boys.
The worst thing a parent can do is to pressure preschoolers to perform --- 61, by pushing them to read or do math exercises 62 they’re ready. Instead, the experts say, parents should take a breath and look for 63. Another year in preschool may be all that’s needed. Parents, meanwhile, may need a more 64 mind about relatively unknown private schools --- or about magnet(具有吸引力的)schools in the public system. There’s no sign of the private-school boom letting up.
50. A. traditional B. current C. processed D. average
51. A. story B. advice C. context D. promise
52. A. venture B. concern C. occupation D. interest
53. A. For that B. So that C. Now that D. After that
54. A. intellectually B. psychologically C. commercially D. geographically
55. A. applications B. locations C. schools D. admissions
56. A. considerate B. inadequate C. significant D. moderate
57. A. advantage B. skill C. place D. school
58. A. choice B. mix C. preference D. base
59. A. identify B. exploit C. employ D. confirm
60. A. set B. fix C. date D. fall
61. A. in a word B. to a great extent C. in any case D. for example
62. A. when B. since C. before D. until
63. A. occasions B. competitions C. alternatives D. pressures
64. A. open B. closed C. active D. secret
第二节完形填空(共20小题;每题1.5分,满分30分)
What a blessing to be alive in a wonderful world of unlimited possibilities.After contracting Hodgkin's disease at seven and being given six months to live,I recovered.I’m not dying of cancer.I’m 36 with it . 37 what comes my way, I don’t have to be afraid any more.
In the second year of high school,the class was scheduled to run the 38.Due to the swelling and 39 from surgery on my leg,for two years I hadn't worn shorts and lived in40.Yet that day,I was ready-shorts,heart and mind.When the coach yelled,“Ready.Set.Go!” I ran faster than anyone else for the first 20 feet, 41 to finish first.As we came around the first of four laps,there were students all over the 42.By the end of the second and third laps,many of the students had already 43and were on the ground breathing deeply.By the time I hit the fourth lap,I was 44.Then it hit me.I realized nobody had given up. 45,everyone had already finished.I cried.12 minutes,42 seconds after starting,I 46 the finish line.I fell to the ground, 47 .
Suddenly my coach ran up to me and48,yelling,“You did it,Manuel .You finished,son .”He looked me 49 in the eyes,waving a piece of paper in his hand.It was my50 for the day,which I had forgotten.He read it aloud to everyone.It simply said,“I,Manuel Diotte,will finish the mile run tomorrow,whatever 51 come.No52or frustration will stop me. 53 capable of finishing,and with God as my strength,I'll finish.” My heart 54and tears went away.It was then 55 I realized winning is not always finishing first.Sometimes winning is just finishing.
36.A.enduringB.studyingC.living D.burdening
37.A.Regardless ofB.As ofC.In terms of D.Let alone
38.A.game B.competitionC.match D.mile
39.A.wounds B.scars C.signs D.treats
40.A.fearB.surprise C.anger D.disappointment
41.A.hoped B.determined C.expected D.longed
42.A.tripB.school C.ground D.track
43.A.quitB.gone C.insisted D.left
44.A.annoyedB.confident C.alone D.lonely
45.A.OtherwiseB.Instead C.Yet D.Besides
46.A.ranB.walked C.passed D.crossed
47.A.embarrassedB.proud C.amused D.excited
48.A.sent me upB.picked me upC.took me upD.set me up
49.A.up B.over C.straight D.ahead
50.A.opinionB.goal C.belief D.thought
51.A.can B.may C.should D.must
52.A.hesitationB.blame C.pain D.laughter
53.A.Other thanB.More than C.Rather than D.Less than
54.A.liftedB.broke C.sank D.beat
55.A.beforeB.when C.that D.Since
第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
It is not so much what happens to each of us that determines our quality of life, but rather our reaction to what happens. Though we may have no 36in unexpected events that happen to us, we most certainly have choice in 37 we interpret what happens, and in what we choose to do about it. These choices make all the 38in how we experience our world and very much determine our 39of life.
Neither does what we own 40a major role in quality of life. One person with all the money and possessions in the world may have a 41 life, while another in the lowest income classes may 42love their life. It is what we do with what we own that 43 our level of satisfaction and joy in life. It's not what you 44 or what happens to you in life that 45, but rather what you do with it.
Every 46something is happening in our lives. And every moment we 47 or a judgment about what happens. By choosing to become more 48of how we react to what happens, we can 49towards what we really want in our lives. 50 following habitual, reactive patterns which 51more of the same, we can recognize and 52our old habits to move powerfully in the 53 of creating the life we really want. Yet to do this, we must first find the 54to look at some of the disempowering, often unconscious 55which get in the way and don't serve to increase our quality of life. But by continually reminding ourselves of our intention to be creators, we can transform our life.
36.A.need B.courage C.choice D.necessity
37.A.what B.whether C.that D.how
38.A.difference B.troubles C.decisions D.measures
39.A.type B.quality C.amount D.level
40.A.take B.play C.make D.get
41.A.miserable B.accessible C.acceptable D.adaptable
42.A.practicallyB.privately C.absolutely D.adequately
43.A.creates B.investigates C.affects D.handles
44.A.lack B.need C.reserve D.possess
45.A.means B.exists C.works D.matters
46.A.time B.period C.date D.moment
47.A.make a mistake B.make a discovery
C.make a decision D.make a fortune
48.A.conscious B.sensitive C.reasonable D.active
49.A.alter B.shift C.differ D.distinguish
50.A.Other than B.Rather than C.As well as D.According to
51.A.lead to B.lie in C.call for D.appeal to
52.A.transplant B.transform C.transport D. transmit
53.A.edge B.way C.direction D.center
54.A.hope B.interest C.chance D.courage
55.A.patterns B.frames C.landscape D.Examples
三、完形填空(共30分)
In this modern world, we rush around all day, doing things, talking, sending and reading message. We are always on, always connected, always thinking, always talking. There is no 36 for stillness.
And when we are 37 to be still because we’re in line for something, or waiting at a doctor’s appointment, or on a bus or train, we often 38 something to do. Some will play with mobile devices, others will read something. Being still isn’t something we’re 39 .
This comes at a 40 : we lose that time for 41, for observing and listening. We lose peace.
And 42 yet: sometimes too much action is worse than no action at all. You can run around crazily, but get 43done.
Take a moment to think about 44 you spend your days. Are you constantly rushing around? Are you constantly reading and answering 45checking on the news and the latest stream of information? Are you always 46 through your schedule?
Is this how you want to spend your 47 ? If so, peace be with you. If not, take a moment to be 48. Don’t think about what you have to do, or what you’ve done already. 49 be in the moment.
Then after a minute or two of doing that, consider your life, and how you’d
50 it to be. See your life with less movement, less doing, less rushing. See it with more stillness, more consideration, more 51 .
Then be that vision.
It’s pretty simple: all you have to do is sit still for a little bit each day. 52 you’ve gotten used to that, try doing less each day. Breathe when you feel yourself moving too 53 . slow down. Be present. Find happiness now, in this moment, instead of 54for it.
55 the stillness. It’s a treasure, and it’s available to us, always.
36. A .place B. chance C. freedom D. time
37. A. forced B. ordered C . invited D. told
38. A. have B. find C. buy D. get
39. A. familiar with B. curios about C. used to D. interested in
40. A. costB. risk C. loss D. danger
41.A. play B. food C. sleepD. consideration
42. A. further B. worse C. fartherD. deeper
43. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something
44. A. how B. where C. whyD. whether
45. A. questions B. problems C. phones D. messages
46. A. walking B. rushing C. stepping D. going
47. A. school B. youth C. work D. life
48. A. silent B. patient C. still D. quiet
49. A. Nearly B. Ever C. Just D. Already
50. A. like B. decide C. choose D. need
51. A. activity B. research C. study D. peace
52. A. Because B. Until C. Once D. Unless
53. A. frequently B. slowly C. fast D. quickly
54. A. asking B. sending C. calling D. waiting
55. A. ValueB. Miss C. Owe D. Hold