Are you a social butterfly, or do you prefer being at the edge of a group of friends? Either way, your genes and evolution may play a major 1 , US researchers reported on Monday.
While it may come as no surprise that genes may help explain 2 some people have many friends and others have 3 , the researchers said, their findings go just a little farther than that.
"Some of the things we find are 4 uncommon," said Nicholas Christakis of Harvard University in Massachusetts, who helped 5 the study.
"We find that how interconnected your friends are 6 on your genes. Some people have four friends who know each other and some people have four friends who don't 7 each other. 8 Dick and Harry know each other depends on Tom's 9 ," Christakis said in a telephone interview.
Christakis and colleague James Fowler of the University of California San Diego are 10 known for their studies that show obesity, smoking and happiness spread in networks.
For this study, they and Christopher Dawes of UCSD used national data that 11 more than 1,000 identical(同卵的) and fraternal(异卵的) twins’ genes. Because 12 share an environment, these studies are good for showing the impact that genes have 13 various things, because identical twins 14 all their genes while fraternal twins share just half.
"We found there appears to be a genetic tendency to introduce your friends 15 each other," Christakis said.
There could be good, evolutionary reasons 16 this. People in the middle of a social network could be secret to useful gossip, 17 the location of food or good investment choices.
But they would also be at risk of catching effects from all sides -- in which case the advantage would 18 more cautious social behavior, they wrote in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"It may be that natural selection is 19 not just things like whether or not we can resist the common cold, but also who it is that we are going to come into 20 with," Fowler said in a statement.
( ) 1. A. role B. rule C. roll D. pole
( ) 2. A. where B. why C. when D. how
( ) 3. A. a few B. several C. few D. some
( ) 4. A. generally B. mainly C. mostly D. frankly
( ) 5. A. conduct B. introduce C. conflict D. instruct
( ) 6. A. depends B. bases C. take D. put
( ) 7. A. see B. inspect C. learn D. know
( ) 8. A. When B. Where C. What D. Whether
( ) 9. A. genes B. brains C. appearances D. figures
( ) 10. A. much B. best C. very D. least
( ) 11. A. recorded B. illustrated C. described D. compared
( ) 12. A. brothers B. sisters C. twins D. cousins
( ) 13. A. with B. on C. for D. to
( ) 14. A. share B. have C. own D. show
( ) 15. A. into B. to C. in D. from
( ) 16. A. for B. with C. to D. at
( ) 17. A. in addition to B. due to C. as for D. such as
( ) 18. A. lie on B. bring in C. lie in D. send in
( ) 19. A. acting on B. putting on C. relying on D. sending on
( ) 20. A. contract B. face C. join D. contact
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. ____36____So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn't entirely authentic,though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. ____37____Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, "Ouverture des portes," in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it's a shame I don't have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. ____38____French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
____39____On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.
You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. ____40____When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously - so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A. |
Not all the customers are tourists. |
B. |
The quality of life in France is equally excellent. |
C. |
There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. |
D. |
The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. |
E. |
That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do. |
F. |
Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. |
G. |
The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy. |
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy's father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, ____41____little bunny ( 兔子 ) cakes for all its ____42____throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for ____43____help during our spring break, for which I had no ____44____beyond listening to my favorite records. I'd ____45____minimum wage. I'd see how a factory ____46____. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy's dad with their ____47____.
Our ____48____in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. ____49____bunny from the belt. This was _____50_____than it sounds. _____51_____a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I'd _____52_____.
Dad ____53____. The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood _____54_____food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you _____55_____the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
41.
A. |
sold |
B. |
ordered |
C. |
made |
D. |
reserved |
42.
A. |
stores |
B. |
families |
C. |
schools |
D. |
citizens |
43.
A. |
generous |
B. |
financial |
C. |
technical |
D. |
temporary |
44.
A. |
plans |
B. |
problems |
C. |
excuses |
D. |
hobbies |
45.
A. |
offer |
B. |
earn |
C. |
set |
D. |
suggest |
46.
A. |
worked |
B. |
closed |
C. |
developed |
D. |
survived |
47.
A. |
ambition |
B. |
permission |
C. |
experience |
D. |
invitation |
48.
A. |
joys |
B. |
ideas |
C. |
roles |
D. |
choices |
49.
A. |
Save |
B. |
Keep |
C. |
Stop |
D. |
Remove |
50.
A. |
harder |
B. |
better |
C. |
longer |
D. |
cheaper |
51.
A. |
Calm down |
B. |
Slow down |
C. |
Stay on |
D. |
Move on |
52.
A. |
indicated |
B. |
witnessed |
C. |
expected |
D. |
remembered |
53.
A. |
cried |
B. |
smiled |
C. |
hesitated |
D. |
refused |
54.
A. |
tasting |
B. |
finding |
C. |
sharing |
D. |
delivering |
55.
A. |
withdraw |
B. |
donate |
C. |
receive |
D. |
appreciate |
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. ____36____So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn't entirely authentic,though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. ____37____Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, "Ouverture des portes," in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it's a shame I don't have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. ____38____French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
____39____On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.
You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. ____40____When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously - so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A. |
Not all the customers are tourists. |
B. |
The quality of life in France is equally excellent. |
C. |
There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. |
D. |
The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. |
E. |
That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do. |
F. |
Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. |
G. |
The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy. |
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield,Illinois, 36 (prove)irresistible to visitors since it opened tothepublic.Beautifullyrestored(修复)to its 1860 appearance,the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17years.In 1844 they bought it 37$1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 38 ( marry)ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built,it was much 39 (small)thanit is today.Mary's niece wrote,"The little home 40 (paint) white .It was sweetand fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, andher house was a reflection of 41 (she),everything in good taste and inperfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, 42 shenor her husband was known as a gardener.Along-time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister,Frances Todd Wallace,often came over 43 (plant)flowers in the front yard.
44 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three ofthe four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 45 (sell)most of their furniture.
My mother is 92.Unless I have to be out of town,each week I take my mother to do her 16 andvisit the doctor,providing 17 and transportation.During the week,however,she likes
to go to a nearby store to 18 some small things she needs.
Last week she walked up to the store,but when she went to pay for her groceries,she was 19 about three dollars.The only 20 topayforthegroceries was to take off the 21 she coulddo without:a bottle of rubbing alcohol(医用酒精)and a bar of soup.By taking of these,she was able to 22 the new total to the amount of cash she had with her.
At this store,people 23 andthen go off to the side to 24 theirown groceries. My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a 25 came up to her and said,"Here are the things that you 26 ." handingher the rubbing alcohol and the 27 .My mother,who is never speechless,was speechless.She 28 forthe woman's name and address so that she could 29 her.The woman told her it was her 30 .
My mother was so 31 byher gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier(收银员)a five-dollar bill to keep on hand 32the same happened to someone else if they didn't have enough 33 forall of their groceries.
So,whoever you are,thank you for the random act of 34that not only helped my mother out,but 35 too.
16.
A. |
exercise |
B. |
housework |
C. |
cooking |
D. |
shopping |
17.
A. |
reward |
B. |
medicine |
C. |
company |
D. |
shelter |
18.
A. |
return |
B. |
collet |
C. |
order |
D. |
buy |
19.
A. |
shot |
B. |
cautious |
C. |
wrong |
D. |
concerned |
20.
A. |
aim |
B. |
way |
C. |
advice |
D. |
reason |
21.
A. |
weight |
B. |
things |
C. |
mask |
D. |
glasses |
22.
A. |
raise |
B. |
add |
C. |
bring |
D. |
switch |
23.
A. |
show up |
B. |
call in |
C. |
check out |
D. |
sit down |
24.
A. |
store |
B. |
select |
C. |
deliver |
D. |
bag |
25.
A. |
stranger |
B. |
cashier |
C. |
friend |
D. |
doctor |
26.
A. |
looked for |
B. |
talked about |
C. |
threw away |
D. |
put back |
27.
A. |
receipt |
B. |
soap |
C. |
cash |
D. |
bottle |
28.
A. |
asked |
B. |
waited |
C. |
cared |
D. |
searched |
29.
A. |
repay |
B. |
trust |
C. |
recognize |
D. |
help |
30.
A. |
luck |
B. |
chance |
C. |
gift |
D. |
turn |
31.
A. |
surprised |
B. |
amused |
C. |
touched |
D. |
convinced |
32.
A. |
in case |
B. |
even if |
C. |
as though |
D. |
so that |
33
A. |
energy |
B. |
money |
C. |
space |
D. |
time |
34.
A. |
faith |
B. |
courage |
C. |
kindness |
D. |
honor |
35.
A. |
made her day |
B. |
changed her mind |
C. |
caught her eye |
D. |
met her demand |