Parents who smoke often open a window or turn on a fan to clear the air for their children, but experts now have identified a related threat to children's health that isn't as easy to get rid of: third-hand smoke。
That's the term being 1 to describe the invisible yet poisonous mixture of gases and particles(颗粒) clinging(依附) to smokers' hair and 2 , not to mention cushions and carpeting, that stays long after second-hand smoke has cleared from a room. The remaining 3 heavy metals, carcinogens(致癌物) and even radioactive materials that young children can get on their hands and take in, 4 if they're crawling or playing on the floor。
Doctors from MassGeneral Hospital for Children in Boston coined the term "third-hand smoke" to 5 these chemicals in a new study that 6 on the risks they pose to infants and children. The study was published in the 7 issue of the journal Pediatrics。
"Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is bad, 8 they don't know about this," said Dr. Jonathan P. Winickoff, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School。
"When their kids are 9 the house, they might smoke. Or they smoke in the car. Or they strap(用带子捆扎) the kid in the car seat in the back and crack the window and 10 , and they think it's okay because the second-hand smoke isn't getting to their 11 . We needed a term to describe these tobacco toxins that aren't 12 ."
The study reported on 13 toward smoking in 1,500 households across the United States. It found that the vast majority of both smokers and nonsmokers were 14 that second-hand smoke is harmful to children. Some 95 percent of nonsmokers and 84 percent of smokers 15 with the statement that "inhaling smoke from a parent's cigarette can 16 the health of infants and children"。
But 17 fewer of those surveyed were aware of the 18 of third-hand smoke. Since the term is so new, the researchers asked people if they agreed with the statement that "breathing air in a room 19 where people smoked yesterday can harm the health of infants and children"。
Only 65 percent of nonsmokers and 43 percent of smokers agreed with that 20 , which researchers interpreted as acknowledgement of the risks of third-hand smoke。
( ) 1. A. told B. discussed C. used D. mentioned
( ) 2. A. shoes B. clothing C. body D. mouth
( ) 3. A. includes B. covers C. finds D. improves
( ) 4. A. especially B. specially C. immediately D. regularly
( ) 5. A. name B. call C. explain D. describe
( ) 6. A. focused B. tended C. tried D. worked
( ) 7. A. later B. latest C. best D. previous
( ) 8. A. but B. and C. however D. or
( ) 9. A. alongside B. out of C. in D. beside
( ) 10. A. cough B. talk C. observe D. smoke
( ) 11. A. cars B. seats C. kids D. windows
( ) 12. A. visible B. invisible C. poisonous D. concrete
( ) 13. A. policies B. attitudes C. bans D. habits
( ) 14. A. told B. content C. confident D. aware
( ) 15. A. opposed B. agreed C. fought D. connected
( ) 16. A. harm B. destroy C. improve D. confuse
( ) 17. A. quite B. very C. far D. too
( ) 18. A. chances B. risks C. abilities D. conditions
( ) 19. A. tomorrow B. today C. yesterday D. weekend
( ) 20. A. statement B. mark C. discussion D. prejudice
完形填空,阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I went to a group activity, “Sensitivity Sunday” which was to make us more ________ the problem faced by disabled people. We were asked to “ ________ a disability” for several hours one Sunday. Some member ________ chose the wheel chair. Other wore sound-blocking earplugs (耳塞) or blindfolds (眼罩).
Just sitting in the wheelchair was a ________ experience, I had never considered before how ________ it would be to use one. As soon as I sat down my ________ made the chair begin to roll. Its wheel were not ________ . Then I wondered where to put my________, It took me quite a while to get the metal footrest into ________ , I took my first uneasy look at what was to be my only means of ________ for several hours. For disabled people, “adopting a wheelchair” is not a temporary(临时的) ________ .
I tried to find a ________position and thought it might be restful, ________ kind of nice to be ________ around for a while. Looking around, I________would have to handle the thing myself! My hands started to ache as I ________ the heavy wheels, I came to know that controlling the ________ of the wheelchair as not going to be ________ task, My wheelchair experiment was soon ________ . It made a deep impression on me. A few hours of “disability” gave me only a taste of the ________, both physical and mental, that disabled people must overcome.
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完形填空,阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
During the wars, a soldier looked after his horse with the greatest care. He gave it the best wheat to eat and the ________ water to drink. He dried it carefully with a towel when it got wet and ________ it with a warm blanket on cold winter nights. ________ , the horse was strong and swirl and carried its master ________ out of the dangers of ________ .
When peace came, however, the soldier ________ . He put the ________ out in a field full of wild plants and gave it only a little food to eat. He left the horse ________ in a worn-out place with a ________ roof and a floor made of mud. During the day the ________ made the horse work hard on his farm, ________ a large amount of wood and pulling heavy wagons (四轮货车).
After some time war broke out ________ . The soldier prepared himself for the war and went to the field to ________ his horse. Hurriedly brushing the mud from its coat, he ________ the horse. For a moment the horse stood there without ________ . Then gradually its ________legs began to bend ________ it sank slowly to the ground. The horse gave the soldier a look of ________ .
"Master," it said, "you' ll have to ________ on foot this time. You have made me work like a mule (骡子) and ________ me like a goat. I cannot change back into a horse in an instant just because you Want me to."
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完形填空,阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
There was a woman in Detroit，who has two sons．She was worried________ them，especially the younger one, Ben，________ he was not doing well in school. Boys in his class________ fun of him because he seemed so________．
The mother ________that she would, herself, have to get her sons to do better in school. She________ them to go to the Detroit Public Library to read a________a week and do a report about it for her．
One day，in Ben’s ________ , the teacher held up a rock and asked if anyone knew it. Ben ________ up his hand and the teacher let him________. “Why did Ben raise his hand？” they wondered. He ________ said anything; what could he possibly want to say？ Well, Ben not only________ the rock; he said a lot about it. He named other rocks in its group and even knew________ the teacher had found it. The teacher and the students were________ . Ben had learned all this from doing one of his book________ ．
Ben later went on to the ________ of his class. When he finished high school, he went to Yale University________at last became one of the best doctors in the United States．
After Ben had grown up，he ________ something about his mother that he did not know as a ________. She，herself，had never learned how to ________ ．
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完型填空,阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My class and I visited Chris Care Center in Phoenix, Arizona to comfort the old people who needed a little cheering up during the holiday season.
The first two there were for persons requiring help in taking care of themselves. We sang________for them. They loved our sweet songs and the flowers that we left with them.
As we were ________ on the third floor for old people with Alzheimer (老年痴呆症), most of them ________off at the walls or floor. However, one lady ________ my eye. She was sitting by the door, in a wheelchair, singing songs to herself. They weren’t the songs that we were singing, at least they didn’t ________ like that. As we got ________ with each festive song, she did as well. The louder we got, the louder she got. ________ she was singing, she was also ________ out to us with her hands and body. I knew that I should have gone over to her, but I thought that my________ were to my students. People who worked at the care center could ________ to her, I thought. Just when I stopped feeling ________ about not giving her the attention she needed, one of my students, Justin, showed me what the holiday season is really about.
Justin also ________ the same lady. The difference between us is that he ________ on her needs, but I didn’t. During the last song, “Silent Night,” Justin walked over to her and held her hand. He looked this aged lady in her ________ and with his actions said, “You are important, and I will take my ________ to let you know that.” This tired, elderly lady stopped singing and held his hand. Then she touched his cheek with the other hand. Tears began to fall down her face. No________ can completely describe that touching moment.
It ________ a boy to teach me, a man, about kindness and love. Justin’s example of a complete, selfless attitude toward another was a ________ that I will never forget. He was the teacher that day, and I consider myself ________ to have witnessed his lesson.
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完形填空,阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Two years ago, a restaurant had fallen upon hard times. Only five ________were left: the manager and four others, all over 60 years old.
In the town near the restaurant there ________ a successful businessman who was good at managing business, so the manager ________ to ask the businessman if he could offer any advice that might ________ the restaurant. The manager and the businessman talked for a long period of time, ________ when he was asked for advice, the businessman ________ for a while and then said, “I have no________to give. The ________ thing I can tell you is that the saver is one of you.”
The manager, returning to the restaurant ________ , told the other people what the businessman had said. In the months that followed, the old restaurant workers thought________ of the words of the businessman, “The saver is one of us?” They asked themselves. As they ________ about this possibility, they all began to treat each other with ________ respect. And thinking that each of themselves ________ be the saver, they also began to treat themselves with more care.
________ time went by, people coming to the restaurant ________that some respect and warm kindness were around the five old members of the small restaurant. Hardly knowing ________ , more people began to come back to the restaurant. They began to ________ their friends, and theirs brought more friends. Two years later, the small restaurant had once again ________a big food company, thanks to the businessman’s ________. They understood that it was they themselves that were the ________ .
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