Are you a social butterfly, or do you prefer being at the edge of a group of friends? Either way, your genes and evolution may play a major 1 , US researchers reported on Monday.
While it may come as no surprise that genes may help explain 2 some people have many friends and others have 3 , the researchers said, their findings go just a little farther than that.
"Some of the things we find are 4 uncommon," said Nicholas Christakis of Harvard University in Massachusetts, who helped 5 the study.
"We find that how interconnected your friends are 6 on your genes. Some people have four friends who know each other and some people have four friends who don't 7 each other. 8 Dick and Harry know each other depends on Tom's 9 ," Christakis said in a telephone interview.
Christakis and colleague James Fowler of the University of California San Diego are 10 known for their studies that show obesity, smoking and happiness spread in networks.
For this study, they and Christopher Dawes of UCSD used national data that 11 more than 1,000 identical(同卵的) and fraternal(异卵的) twins’ genes. Because 12 share an environment, these studies are good for showing the impact that genes have 13 various things, because identical twins 14 all their genes while fraternal twins share just half.
"We found there appears to be a genetic tendency to introduce your friends 15 each other," Christakis said.
There could be good, evolutionary reasons 16 this. People in the middle of a social network could be secret to useful gossip, 17 the location of food or good investment choices.
But they would also be at risk of catching effects from all sides -- in which case the advantage would 18 more cautious social behavior, they wrote in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"It may be that natural selection is 19 not just things like whether or not we can resist the common cold, but also who it is that we are going to come into 20 with," Fowler said in a statement.
( ) 1. A. role B. rule C. roll D. pole
( ) 2. A. where B. why C. when D. how
( ) 3. A. a few B. several C. few D. some
( ) 4. A. generally B. mainly C. mostly D. frankly
( ) 5. A. conduct B. introduce C. conflict D. instruct
( ) 6. A. depends B. bases C. take D. put
( ) 7. A. see B. inspect C. learn D. know
( ) 8. A. When B. Where C. What D. Whether
( ) 9. A. genes B. brains C. appearances D. figures
( ) 10. A. much B. best C. very D. least
( ) 11. A. recorded B. illustrated C. described D. compared
( ) 12. A. brothers B. sisters C. twins D. cousins
( ) 13. A. with B. on C. for D. to
( ) 14. A. share B. have C. own D. show
( ) 15. A. into B. to C. in D. from
( ) 16. A. for B. with C. to D. at
( ) 17. A. in addition to B. due to C. as for D. such as
( ) 18. A. lie on B. bring in C. lie in D. send in
( ) 19. A. acting on B. putting on C. relying on D. sending on
( ) 20. A. contract B. face C. join D. contact
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The world always makes way for the dreamer.
When I was twelve years old, my father took me to see Zig Zigler. I remember sitting in that dark hall listening to Mr. Zigler 36 everyone’s spirits up to the ceiling, I 37 there feeling like I could do anything. When we got to the car, I turned to my father and said, “Dad, I want to 38 people feel like that.” My father asked me 39 I meant. “I want to be a motivational (激励人的)speaker just like Mr. Zigler,”I replied. A40 was born.
Recently, I began seeking my dream of motivating others. 41 a four-year relationship with Fortune 100 Company 42 as a sales-trainer and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the height of my 43 . Many people were 44that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they asked 45 I would risk everything for a dream.
I made my 46 to start my own company and leave my secure position after 47 a regional sales meeting. The vice-president of our company delivered a 48 that changed my life. He asked us, “If a god would offer you three wishes, what would they be?” After giving us a 49to write down the three wishes, he then asked us, “Why do you need a 50 ?” I would never forget the power I felt at that moment. I realized that 51 I had accomplished in the past had prepared me for this moment. I was ready and didn’t need a god’s help to become a motivational speaker. A motivational speaker was 52 .
Having made that decision, I was immediately 53 .One week after I gave notice, my husband was laid off from his job, and now we had no 54 . But I held fast to my dream. The wonder really began to happen. In a short time my husband found a better job.And I was able to book several 55 engagements with new customers. I discovered the incredible power of dreams.
A.raise B.blow C.put D.rise
A.slipped B.came C.arrived D.left
A.get B.make C.hope D.cheer
A.that B.which C.what D.if
A.speaker B.idea C.girl D.dream
A.regarding B.working C.acting D.beginning
A.life B.love C.income D.career
A.surprised B.moved C.disappointed D.delighte
A.when B.if C.why D.how
A.plan B.decision C.promise D.mind
A.entering B.joining C.attending D.holding
A.speech B.book C.report D.newspaper
A.day B.second C.week D.moment
A.help B.god C.job D.company
A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything
A.alive B.born C.missing D.dead
A.tested B.searched C.checked D.examined
A.help B.harm C.income D.money
A.selling B.speaking C.writing D.listening
The world always makes way for the dreamer.
When I was twelve years old, my father took me to see Zig Zigler. I remember sitting in that dark hall listening to Mr. Zigler 36 everyone’s spirits up to the ceiling, I 37 there feeling like I could do anything. When we got to the car, I turned to my father and said, “Dad, I want to 38 people feel like that.” My father asked me 39 I meant. “I want to be a motivational (激励人的)speaker just like Mr. Zigler,”I replied. A 40 was born.
Recently, I began seeking my dream of motivating others. 41 a four-year relationship with Fortune 100 Company 42 as a sales-trainer and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the height of my 43 . Many people were 44 that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they asked 45 I would risk everything for a dream.
I made my 46 to start my own company and leave my secure position after 47 a regional sales meeting. The vice-president of our company delivered a 48 that changed my life. He asked us, “If a god would offer you three wishes, what would they be?” After giving us a 49 to write down the three wishes, he then asked us, “Why do you need a 50 ?” I would never forget the power I felt at that moment. I realized that 51 I had accomplished in the past had prepared me for this moment. I was ready and didn’t need a god’s help to become a motivational speaker. A motivational speaker was 52 .
Having made that decision, I was immediately 53 .One week after I gave notice, my husband was laid off from his job, and now we had no 54 . But I held fast to my dream. The wonder really began to happen. In a short time my husband found a better job.And I was able to book several55 engagements with new customers. I discovered the incredible power of dreams.
A.raise B.blow C.put D.rise
A.get B.make C.hope D.cheer
A.that B.which C.what D.if
A.speaker B.idea C.girl D.dream
A.regarding B.working C.acting D.beginning
A.life B.love C.income D.career
A.surprised B.moved C.disappointed D.delighted
A.when B.if C.why D.how
A.plan B.decision C.promise D.mind
A.entering B.joining C.attending D.holding
A.speech B.book C.report D.newspaper
A.day B.second C.week D.moment
A.help B.god C.job D.company
A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything
A.alive B.born C.missing D.dead
A.tested B.searched C.checked D.examined
A.help B.harm C.income D.money
A.selling B.speaking C.writing D.listening
Adults are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practised in the meantime. A man who has not had an opportunity to go swimming for years can 1 swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after several decades and still 2 away. A mother who has not3 the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or recite the story of Cinderella or Snow White.
One explanation is the law of over learning, which can be stated as following:4 we have learned something, additional learning increases the5 of time we will remember it.
In childhood, we usually continue to practise such skills as swimming, bicycle riding long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and6 ourselves of poems such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella or Snow White. We not only learn but__7 .
The law of over learning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination,8 it may result in a passing grade, is not a 9 way to learn a school course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little over learning, 10 , is usually a good investment toward the future.
A.only B.still C.hardly D.even
A.move B.ride C.travel D.drive
A.showed up B.cared for C.thought about D.brought up
A.Once B.Before C.Until D.Unless
A.warm B.inform C.remind D.recall
A.recite B.research C.overlearn D.improve
A.so B.though C.if D.after
A.satisfactory B.demanding C.convenient D.swift
A.at most B.on the other hand C.by the way D.in the end
Rosa liked making up stories. She was so __1__ that her classmates believed her from time to time. In fact, the whole class believed her! At first she supposed it was __2__. Now, as she got up to __3__ before the class, She knew that make –believe stories had some way of coming back to make you sad.
Rosa’s parents were separated. Nine months out of the year, Rosa lived with her mother in an apartment on Anderson Street. But when summer __4__, she went to her father’s farm in Arizona.
The farm was great! Rosa rode horses and __5__ with some farm work. Her father, however, was so __6__ that he couldn’t find time to go places with her. When she arrived each summer, her father would __7__ her at the airport and take her out to eat. And the day she went back to the __8__ he would always buy her a present.
When summer came to a close, Rosa __9__ to her mother. At school she heard lots of stories her friends told about their family trips. Rosa wished she had a __10__ to talk about.
Not long after __11__ began, Rosa was looking through travel magazines in the school library. They talked about many exciting __12__, like England and Germany. When Rosa’s friends asked what she had done that summer, she made up something that was not __13__. Remembering the travel magazines she had looked at, she told her classmates that she and her father had gone to __14__.
When the class began studying England, Mr. Thomas asked Rosa to tell all the things she could __15__ about her trip to England!
A.afraid B.worried C.sure D.happy
A.joke B.fun C.turn D.game
A.talk B.teach C.show D.travel
A.passed B.arrived C.lasted D.changed
A.made B.played C.helped D.did
A.weak B.pleased C.busy D.lonely
A.show B.visit C.meet D.send
A.farm B.city C.family D.school
A.wrote B.called C.moved D.returned
A.family B.school C.teacher D.farm
A.meeting B.school C.summer D.talk
A.people B.cities C.languages D.places
A.England B.Germany C.farm D.home
A.think B.see C.remember D.read
The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be . Solitude can be hard to discover once it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have our culture.
The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(an) as we’ve known. People have become so in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted even if they’d rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog to share our ideas, not only from our , but from our mobile phones as well.
Most developed nations have become on digital technology simply because they’ve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not it would make them an outsider. , many jobs and careers require people to be . From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.
I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who really wants it. Computers can be shut down and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many , as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel 【小题13】 and forced to answer unwanted calls or reply to unwanted texts.
Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society 【小题14】 according to different generations. Some find today’s technology a gift. Others consider it a 【小题15】 . Regardless of anyone’s view on the subject, it’s hard to imagine what life would be like without keeping up with the advancements in technology.
A.updated B.received C.shared D.collected
A.respected B.shaped C.ignored D.preserved
A.edge B.stage C.end D.balance
A.sensitive B.intelligent C.considerate D.reachable
A.media B.computers C.databases D.monitors
A.bent B.hard C.keen D.dependent
A.finding B.using C.protecting D.changing
A.Also B.Instead C.Otherwise D.Somehow
A.connected B.trained C.recommended D.interested
A.pleasure B.benefit C.burden D.disappointment
A.aspects B.weaknesses C.advantages D.exceptions
A.hidden B.lost C.relaxed D.deserted
A.amused B.excited C.confused D.trapped
A.vary B.arise C.spread D.exist
A.present B.tendency C.progress D.curse