Leif Erickson reached North America around the year 1000, but the attempt to explore was started slowly. It would be five centuries __1__ other Europeans landed on that continent.
Why were Europeans the ones to __2__ to the American? The Chinese and Arabs had the __3__ and technology to sail across the seas. __4__ of them tool regular voyages in the Indian Ocean and the Asian Pacific for trade. But exploration? By the mid-15th century China had followed the closed-door policy to __5__ itself from the rest of the world. The Arabs, with access to the minerals and spices (香料) of Africa and the Far East, saw no __6__ to journey into the unknown.
Europe, on the other hand, needed gold and silver; its mines could not __7__ the demand for coinage (铸币). Ottoman Turks blocked the routes across the land to Asia. Only the sea held the promise of new wealth.
__8__ the return of Magellan’s ships in 1522 from its voyage around the world, the belief was __9__ that the oceans were interconnected, promising the age of discovery. The English, as well as the Spanish, Portuguese and French, __10__ themselves to finding the “river of the west” through North America to the east.
A．after B．since C．before D．when
A．push B．pull C．draw D．drive
A．sources B．resources C．substances D．matters
A．Neither B．Both C．Any D．None
A．prevent B．protect C．isolate D．differ
A．need B．chance C．choice D．regret
A．create B．meet C．raise D．develop
A．As B．For C．With D．At
A．extended B．estimated C．accepted D．made
A．contributed B．referred C．devoted D．connected
Around twenty years ago I was living in York. I had a lot of experience and a Master’s degree, I could not find work.
I was a school bus to make ends meet and with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flat. I had five interviews with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not the job. “Why has my life become so ?” I thought painfully.
As I pulled the bus over to a little girl, she handed me an earring I should keep it somebody claimed it. The earring was painted black and said “BE HAPPY”.
At first I got angry. Then it me – I had been giving all of my to what was going wrong with my rather than what was right! I decided then and there to make a of fifty things I was happy with. Later, I decided to more things to the list. That night there was a phone call for from a lady who was a director at a large . She asked me if I would a one –day lecture on stress management to 200 medical workers. I said yes.
My there went very well, and before long I got a well-paid job. To this day I know it was because I changed my way of that I completely changed my life.
A．As B．Though C．If D．When
A．successful B．extra C．satisfying D．convenient
A．driving B．repairing C．talking D．designing
A．working B．traveling C．discussing D．living
A．prepared for B．attended C．asked for D．held
A．lose B．like C．find D．get
A．hard B．busy C．serious D．short
A．wave at B．drop off C．call on D．look for
A．ordering B．promising C．saying D．showing
A．in case B．or else C．as if D．now that
A．hurt B．hit C．caught D．moved
A．feelings B．attention C．strength D．interests
A．opinions B．education C．experiences D．life
A．list B．book C．check D．copy
A．connect B．turn C．keep D．add
A．her B．a passenger C．me D．my friend
A．hospital B．factory C．restaurant D．hotel
A．listen to B．review C．give D．talk about
A．plan B．choice C．day D．tour
A．operation B．speaking C．employment D．thinking
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
There are thousands of people across the United States without any food or shelter(住所).Every Saturday or Sunday night，my family and I go out and ____the homeless people in the city.
There is one____thing I like to mention here. Before we begin our____，my family and I do not eat. We do this____we know how it feels to be hungry. We all get together in the kitchen and____the food. We then____the food for 30 or more people. I like to write a special____on the bags like “God loves you”.
A lot of people____homeless people. Not all homeless people are bad people. Some are really____.Many people hate them____no good reason. In the beginning，when my family and I went out on the street，we had to____their trust. Later，as they____us every week，they started to trust us.We____know some of their names. We all have to keep in mind that they also have____.Some of them shake our hands for giving them food，and____ us. Some of them do really funny dances because they are____.
We have become____close to a man named Tony and his wife. After meeting with them several times，he has told us a lot about his____.He graduated from college and has a PHD. He used to teach French and Spanish.
After we get done feeding the homeless，it makes me____what I have at home. Sometimes it makes me sad，and makes my mom cry. I love feeding the homeless，and ____in someone’s life.
A．visit B．introduce C．save D．feed
A．common B．exciting C．special D．embarrassing
A．show B．journey C．vacation D．meal
A．so B．when C．if D．because
A．design B．prepare C．buy D．give
A．bag B．cook C．fetch D．find
A．passage B．saying C．note D．message
A．please B．help C．love D．misunderstand
A．helpful B．nice C．funny D．beautiful
A．for B．at C．of D．on
A．bring B．earn C．create D．share
A．served B．told C．saw D．needed
A．hardly B．never C．sometimes D．even
A．words B．looks C．desires D．feelings
A．change B．thank C．impress D．disappoint
A．happy B．great C．surprised D．bored
A．only B．too C．also D．really
A．dream B．future C．life D．friend
A．want B．appreciate C．keep D．think
A．taking care B．watching out C．showing up D．making a difference
Pete Rose was a great baseball player. Though I have never met him, he taught me something that changed my life.
Pete was being in spring training the year he was about to break Ty Cobb's all-time hits record. Suddenly one reporter asked him, "Pete, you only need 78 hits to reach your nearest . How many at-bats（击球）do you think it'll take you to get the 78 hits？" Without hesitation, Pete just at the reporter and said,"78." The reporter yelled back, "Ah, come on, Pete, you don't think you'll get 78 hits in 78 at-bats, do you？"
Mr. Rose calmly his philosophy（哲理，观点） with the reporters who were waiting for his reply to the claim. "Every time I up to the plate（击球区），I to get a hit! I have it in mind，I have no right to step into the batter's（击球手）box! It is expectation that has enabled me to get all of the hits in the first place."
When I thought about Pete Rose's and how it applied to everyday ，I felt a little embarrassed. As a business person，I was hoping to increase my . As a father，l was hoping to be a good dad. As a married man，I was hoping to be a good husband. The truth was that I was a fairly good salesperson，I was not so a father，and I was an okay husband. I immediately decided that being okay was not ! I wanted to be a great salesperson，a great father and a great husband. I my attitude to a positive one，and the results were .I was fortunate enough to win a few sales trips，I won Coach of the Year in my baseball league，and I share a loving relationship with my wife，Karen，with whom I am to enjoy the rest of my life!
，Mr. Rose!
A．reliable B．enjoyable C．valuable D．unbelievable
A．admired B．interviewed C．watched D．trained
A．decision B．record C．level D．goal
A．stared B．shouted C．glared D．pointed
A．enjoyed B．shared C．discussed D．reviewed
A．anxiously B．nervously C．cheerfully D．impatiently
A．climb B．jump C．drive D．step
A．seem B．fail C．expect D．compete
A．Though B．Unless C．Because D．When
A．sudden B．simple C．positive D．considerate
A．plan B．idea C．ability D．behaviour
A．agenda B．exercise C．work D．life
A．sales B．skills C．experiences D．experiments
A．wise B．kind C．mean D．bad
A．explicit B．helpful C．enough D．practical
A．changed B．added C．devoted D．contributed
A．hopeful B．amazing C．funny D．disappointing
A．son's B．wife's C．friend's D．customer's
A．supposed B．expected C．encouraged D．determined
A．Good luck B．Best regards C．Thanks D．Congratulations
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上涂黑。
The Keeper of the River
An old man had been working for many years for a town．His job was to clear away natural waste from the pool water in the hills, which made up the lovely river flowing through the town nearby．Quietly and , the old man guarded the hills, the leaves and branches, and cleaned up the dirt that would have and polluted the fresh flow of water．The town soon became a popular attraction for tourists．Elegant swans （天鹅） floated along the clear river and the view was so beautiful words．
Years passed．One evening the town met．As they reviewed the budget, one man's caught sight of the salary being paid to the seldom seen keeper of the river．He asked, "Who is the old man? Why do we to employ him? No one in town ever him． For all we know, the strange keeper of the hills isn't doing his job．His position isn't any longer．" Then they voted to the man．
For several weeks, nothing changed ．．．
By early autumn, the trees began to their leaves．Small branches broke off and fell into the pools of the hills, the flow of the shining water．One afternoon, someone noticed a slight yellowish-brown in the river．A few days later, the water was much . Within another week, an oily something covered some sections of the water along the banks, and a terrible was soon sensed．Swans left, and so did the . The only thing that was now visiting the village was disease and sickness．
Quickly , the town committee called a special meeting．Realising their huge mistake in , they rehired the old keeper of the river again, and within a few weeks, the river began to clear up．Swans and tourists came back again and new life returned to the small town in the Alps．
Never ignore the seeming smallness of a task, job, or life．They may all make a .
A．regularly B．suddenly C．casually D．seldom
A．assumed B．opposed C．removed D．conveyed
A．rejected B．poured C．selected D．blocked
A．beyond B．despite C．within D．after
A．sympathy B．employment C．masterpiece D．committee
A．eye B．care C．hand D．spirit
A．list B．privilege C．skill D．concept
A．donate B．continue C．stop D．fail
A．decorates B．swears C．shares D．sees
A．negative B．urgent C．necessary D．complex
A．find B．fire C．support D．forget
A．lose B．avoid C．expand D．admit
A．pulling B．speeding C．slowing D．pushing
A．fish B．color C．flower D．leaf
A．aliver B．cooler C．warmer D．darker
A．sound B．smell C．wave D．light
A．managers B．players C．villagers D．tourists
A．embarrassed B．accepted C．focused D．delighted
A．depression B．voyage C．judgment D．amusement
A．suggestion B．difference C．platform D．devotion
Culture can affect not just language and customs, but also how people experience the world on surprisingly basic levels.
Researchers, with the help of brain scans, have ______ shocking differences in perception between Westerners and Asians, what they see when they look at a city street, for example, or even how they are _____ of a simple line in a square, according to findings published in a(n) _____ science journal.
In Western countries, culture makes people think of themselves as highly ______ entities. When looking at scenes, Westerners tend to focus more on central objects than on their surroundings. East Asian cultures, however, ________ inter-dependence, When Easterners look at a scene, they tend to focus on the surroundings as well as the object.
Using an experiment ________ two tasks, Dr. Hedden asked subjects to look at a line simply to estimate its length, a task that played to American’s _______. In another, they estimated the line’s length relative to the size of a square, an easier task for the Asian.
The level of brain activity, by ______ blood flow, was then measured by Brain Scanners. The experiment found that although there was no difference in performance, and the tasks were very easy, the levels of activity in the subjects’ brain were ______. For the Americans, areas ______ to attention were more favorable to them, when they worked on the task they tended to find more difficult --- estimating the line’s size relative to the square. The findings are a ______ of more than ten years of previous experimental research into East-West differences.
In one study, for instance researchers ______ people a choice among five pens; four red and one green. Easterners were more likely to choose a red pen, and Westerners were more likely to choose the green one.
Culture does not only make a(n) ______ on how you see the world, but how you choose to understand and internalize it. But such habits can be changed. Some psychological studies suggest that when an Easterner goes to the West or vice versa, habits of thought and perception also begin to change. Such research gives us ______ to how our brain works and holds new promises for us to develop programs to improve our memory techniques and __________ our learning skills.
A．recovered B．revealed C．rejected D．replaced
A．aware B．sensitive C．capable D．ignorant
A．essential B．complex C．leading D．inviting
A．independent B．creative C．cooperative D．responsible
A．neglect B．rely C．compliment D．emphasize
A．involving B．referring C．joining D．participating
A．respect B．favor C．surprise D．resistance
A．reducing B．adding C．tracking D．speeding
A．the same B．different C．unique D．unusual
A．objective B．associated C．opposite D．linked
A．comment B．reflection C．reaction D．respond
A．provided B．offered C．supplied D．handed
A．agreement B．effort C．impact D．affect
A．clues B．ideas C．concepts D．suggestions
A．rise B．enable C．decrease D．enhance