It doesn't take a rocket scientist long time to figure out that there are better things you could do for your health than take deep breaths on a smoggy（烟雾的）day. A growing pile of research suggests that even relatively low levels of air pollution may be more harmful than previously realized, to both heart and lungs(肺). The latest articles from researchers, published this week in the New England Journal of Medicine, focuses on how particulate (微粒) matter from air pollution affects lung function.
“The effect of low levels of particulate pollution found in many urban areas is not unlike secondhand smoke,” experts say. Studies show that short-term effects from particulates include diminished（减少） lung function, coughing, wheezing, and heart attacks. Long-term exposure can also slow normal lung growth, damage lung airways, and increase the risk of dying from lung cancer.
Certain populations, such as the very old and the very young, are the most vulnerable to air pollution. However, even the most alarming studies conducted in the most polluted areas suggest that the average person's individual risk from exposure (暴露) is very slight. Relative risk numbers often seem more frightening than they actually are. For example, an earlier study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that short-term exposure to traffic fumes tripled ( 成为3倍) the risk of heart attacks in heart-attack survivors.
Short of moving to the countryside or at least away from busy roads, shielding yourself from the effects of air pollution is not easy. Masks won't work. “At the very least,” suggests Murray Mittleman, a cardiologist at Harvard University, “people who regularly exercise outdoors near highways may want to consider remapping their route.”
66. What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph mean?
A. Rocket scientists are making researches on people’s health.
B. It's obvious that air pollution has a bad effect on people’s health.
C. People aren't sure whether taking deep breaths on a smoggy day is bad.
D. People often have a hard time when taking deep breaths on a smoggy day.
67. The word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 3 probably means _________.
A. easy to be hurt B. easy to be protected
C. easy to be used D. easy to be saved
68. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is _________.
A. that even small risk from particulate causes big problems
B. that air pollution often leads to heart attack
C. who are most likely to get affected
D. that we shouldn't worry about the average low risk
69. In order to be healthier, you'd better _________.
A. take deep breaths B. wear a mask
C. live in a countryside D. clean the busy road
70. The passage is written in a(n) _________ tone.
A. subjective B. humorous C. doubtful D. objective
There are no exact differences between physics and other natural sciences because all sciences overlap(重叠）.In general,however,physics is the scientific study of forces and qualities such as heat,light,sound,pressure,gravity and electricity,and the ways they affect other objects.
One major branch of physics deals with the states of matter—solids,liquids and gases and with their motions.The pioneer achievements of Galileo,Kepler and Newton dealt with solid masses of matter in motion.Such studies deal with forces acting on moving objects.It is the subject of mechanics and belongs to the branch of mechanics called dynamics,the study of matter in motion.This large topic includes not only the motions of stars and ping-pong balls but also the motions of the water pumped by a fire engine and those of the air passing through the jet engine of an airplane.
A branch of mechanics is statics(静力学）,the study of matter at rest.The designs of buildings and bridges are examples of problems in statics.Other branches of physics are based on the different kinds of energy,which interact with matter.They deal with electricity and magnetism（磁力）,heat,light,and sound.From these branches of physics scientists find clues(线索） which have revealed(揭示） the constructions of atoms and how the atoms react to various kinds of energy. This knowledge is often called the basis of modern physics.Among the many subdivisions（细的分支）of modern physics are electronics and nuclear physics.Physics is closely related to engineering.A person who uses knowledge of physics in solving everyday problems is often called an engineer.For example,electricity is one of the branches of physics;and an electrical engineer is a man who uses the “natural laws” of electricity to help in designing and electric generator(电动机）.Physics is not exactly different from other natural sciences because_________.
| A．physics and other natural sciences have parts in common |
| B．it is the scientific study of forces and qualities such as heat,light and sound |
| C．it studies the ways in which forces and qualities affect other objects |
| D．it is a part of other natural sciences |
The following statements are included in the study of dynamics except_________.
| A．the design and construction of skyscrapers |
| B．the motions of heavenly bodies |
| C．the motions of water pumped by a fire engine |
| D．the motions of the air passing through the jet engine of an airplane |
Among many branches of modern physics is _________.
| A．states | B．electricity | C．electronics | D．mechanics |
This knowledge” in Paragraph Three refers to_________.
| A．electricity and magnetism,light and sound |
| B．the construction of atoms and their reactions to various kinds of energy |
| C．the basis of modern physics |
| D．electronics and nuclear physics |
Ted Shreds doesn't like cars.He wants people to stop driving because cars make the air dirty.Ted had an idea.He said,“I'm going to cycle around North America.I want to show everyone that cycling is a fun way to get around.If more people ride bikes,the air will be cleaner.”
He left his hometown with $160 in his pocket.When he got to San Diego,he met another cyclist.The cyclist invited Ted to speak at a big meeting about the environment.He said,“We'll pay your airfare to Texas and we'll pay you to talk about your cycling trip.”Two hours late,Ted was on a plane to the environmental conference and to a big surprise!
While he was at the conference,he met Deanna,it was love at first sight!They talked for six hours straight.
The next day,Ted called Deanna and asked her to finish the trip with him.Deanna said yes,sold everything in her apartment,gave her notice at work,and was on the road with Ted 20 days later!
“It was difficult at first,”said Deanna.“Ted got up every morning at 6:00 a.m.,but I wanted to sleep until noon.”After a few days,they started having fun.As they cycled from Florida to Montreal and then back to Vancouver,every day was an adventure.People paid for their food in restaurants and gave them extra money.Some people gave them $50 or $100.They slept in people's backyards and drank beer with motorcycle gangs.
On their way back to Vancouver,they stopped in Edmonton to visit Ted's relatives.During the stopover,they got married.People tied a “Just Married” sign and tin cans to the backs of their bikes.They got married.They now want to write a book about their trip.“We want people to know that you can be an environmentalist and still have fun,”Shreds said.Ted Shreds went cycling because_________.
| A．he loves adventure |
| B．cycling is a lot of fun |
| C．he wanted to find himself a wife |
| D．he supports environmental protection |
Ted got paid for_________.
| A．giving a talk about his cycling trip | B．cycling throughout North America |
| C．traveling around North America by air | D．attending conferences on cycling |
The “big surprise” he had at the conference was that _________.
| A．he met another cyclist who wanted to join him |
| B．he fell in love with a girl there |
| C．he gave a long talk lasting 6 hours |
| D．he had a lot of fun talking about his cycling trip |
During the trip,Ted and Deanna_________.
| A．found it hard to get up early |
| B．were attacked by motorcycle gangs |
| C．did not have to pay for their meals in restaurants |
| D．decided to get married |
How many coins have you got in your pocket right now?Three?Two?Or one?With a phonecard you can make up to 200 calls without any change at all.
1.What do you do with it?
Go to a telephone box marked “Phonecard”.Put in your card,make your call and when you've finished,a screen tells you how much is left on your card.It costs no extra for the cards,and the calls cast 10 per unit,the same as any other payphone call.You can put them in units of 10,20,40,100 or 200.
2.Now appearing in a shop near you
Near each card phone place you'll find a shop where you can buy one.They're at bus,train and city tube stations.Many universities,hospitals and clubs,restaurants and gas stations on the highway and shopping centers.At airports and seaports.
3.No more broken payphones
Most broken payphones are like that they've been vandalized（破坏了的）.There are no coins in Cardphone to excite thieves' interest in it.So you're not probably to find a vandalized one.Get a phonecard yourself and try it out.Or get a bigger wallet.There are three sections in the passage.Which section do you think is about why phonecards are good?
| A．Section 1. | B．Section 2. | C．Section 3. | D．Section 1&2. |
Choose the right order of the steps under“How to use a phonecard”.
a.Put in your phonecard.
b.Look at the screen to find out how many calls you can still make.
c.Go to a telephone box marked “Phonecard”.
d.Make your call.
| A．a,b,c,d | B．c,a,d,b | C．a,d,c,b | D．c,d,a,b |
The last sentence “Or get a bigger wallet”means“_________”.
| A．Phonecards are cheap |
| B．You cannot use all payphones |
| C．Thieves will not break card phones |
| D．People do not like carrying a lot of coins |
Bill Clinton was born on Aug.19,1946.Three months before his birth,his father had died when driving home to his pregnant wife,Virginia,he went off a high way,was thrown from the car and drowned in a river.
When Bill was 4,his mother remarried Roger Clinton.And there were always troubles:a sometimes voilent,alcoholic stepfather and a half-brother.Only one year after the marriage,the drunken stepfather fired a shotgun at the ceiling to keep his bride and stepson from leaving the house.Virginia was very much frightened.So Roger Clinton beat Virginia from time to time.But teenager Clinton played a role of protector of his mother bravely.The stepfater never laid another band on Virginia.
In high school,he was very good at Latin and maths.He also played saxophone in the hand.At age 16,as a member of a youth group,Clinton met President John F.Kennedy at the White House,it led him to the life of public service.Once he set his mind to do something,he did not give up.He was elected governor of Arkansas at the age of 32.
Clinton has said he ran for president to make the country a better place for people like Chelsea,his daughter.He did win.At the age of 46,he became the third youngest president in the nation's history.When this passage was published,Clinton was_________.
A.governor of Arkansas B.a famous professor
C.President of U.S.A. D.President of a universityClinton's own father died_________.
| A．before Clinton was born |
| B．after Clinton was born |
| C．from drinking too much brandy |
| D．when Clinton's mother was giving birth |
Clinton protected his mother by_________.
| A．fighting against his stepfather |
| B．beating his stepfather |
| C．having long talks with his stepfather |
| D．the means we don't know |
The word “it” in “It led him to the life of public service”refers to_________.
| A．Clinton's high school education |
| B．becoming a member of a youth group |
| C．Clinton's visiting President Kennedy |
| D．doing public service |
Americans have contributed to many art forms,but jazz,a type of music,is one of the art forms that was started in the United States.Black Americans,who sang and played the music of their homeland,created jazz.
Jazz is a mixture of the music of Africa,the work songs the slaves sang,and religious（宗教）music.Improvisation is an important part of jazz.This means that the musicians make the music up as they go along,or create the music on the spot.This is why a jazz song might sound a little different each time it is played.
Jazz bands formed in the late 1800s.They played in bars and clubs in many towns and cities of the South,especially New Orleans.New Orleans is an international seaport,and people from all over the world come to New Orleans to hear jazz.
Jazz became more and more popular.By the 1920s,jazz was popular all over the United States.By the 1940s,you could hear jazz not only in clubs and bars,but in concert halls as well.Today,people from all over the world play jazz.Jazz musicians from the United States,Asia,Africa,South America,and Europe meet and share their music at festivals on every continent.In this way jazz continues to grow and change.What can be the best title of the passage?
| A．American Art Forms | B．The Development of Jazz |
| C．The Music of Black Americans | D．The Birthplace of Jazz |
Which of the following is TRUE?
| A．Jazz is now popular all over the world. |
| B．Jazz is now a kind of religious music. |
| C．Jazz is now played only in bars and clubs. |
| D．Jazz is now played a little differently sometimes. |
From the text it can be inferred that_________.
| A．New Orleans is the place where jazz was first produced |
| B．the American people are all jazz lovers |
| C．jazz is merely sung by the black when working |
| D．jazz may become more popular as time goes on |
It took about _________ years to make jazz popular in the United States.
| A．200 | B．120 | C．80 | D．40 |