第四节：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
Science Daily -------- Dutch ecologist Roxina Soler and her colleagues have discovered that subterranean（地下的）and above ground herbivorous（食草的）insects can communicate with each other by using plants as telephones. Subterranean insects issue chemical warning signals through the leaves of the plant. Thus, aboveground insects are warned that the plant is already “ occupied”.
In recent years it has been discovered that different types of aboveground insects develop slowly if they feed on plants that also have subterranean residents and vice versa（反之亦然）. It seems that a system has developed through natural selection, which helps the subterranean and aboveground insects to communicate with each other. This avoids unnecessary competition.
Through the “green telephone lines”, subterranean insects can also communicate with a third party, namely caterpillars（毛虫）. Parasitic wasps（寄生的黄蜂）lay their eggs inside aboveground insects. The wasps also benefit from the signals sent by the leaves, The communication between subterranean and aboveground It is still not clear how widespread this phenomenon is.
This research was carried out at the Netherlands Institute for Ecology by Roxina Soler, Jeffrey Harvey, Martijn Bezemer, Wim van der Putten and Louise Vet. was funded by the Free Competition of NOW Earth and Life Sciences.
41. After finding a plant occupied by root-eating insects, aboveground insects will usually ________.
A. send out warning signals
B. choose to leave the plant
C. fight with the root-eating insects
D. compete with them for the same plant
42. Aboveground insects will develop more quickly if their food plants _______.
A. have more green leaves
B. get more water and sunlight
C. are often visited by parasitic wasps
D. are not occupied by root-eating insects
43. The underlined part “a third party” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.
A. caterpillars B. root-eating insects
C. parasitic wasps D. aboveground insects
44. What is the best title for the passage ?
A. Insects use plants as “telephones”
B. How do animals avoid competition
C. The living habit of different insects
D. Communication between different insects
The Chinese word"Shanzhai" means a small mountain village， but now it becomes an accepted name for fakes(假货) after" Shanzhai cell phones " produced by small workshops in southern China ，became popular in the mainland market over the past few years.
Besides" Shanzhai" electronic products， there are "Shanzhai" movies， "Shanzhai" stars and even a "Shanzhai" Spring Festival Gala， a copy of the 25-year-old traditional show presented by CCTV on Chinese Lunar New Year's Eve.
" Shanzhai" has become a culture of its own，symbolizing anything that imitates something famous.
The phenomenon has caused a public debate over whether it is healthy or sick being a copycat.
In southwestern China's Chongqing Municipality，a "Shanzhai" -version"Bird’s Nest" woven by farmers with bamboo attracts wide attention and the"Shanzhai"-version "Water Cube"is popular with tourists too. Both are copies of the famous Olympics buildings in Beijing.
Xie Xizhang，a literature critic，said that taking the "Shanzhai" Gala as an example， when the traditional CCTV program becomes less and less attractive to the audience， the "Shanzhai" version appears naturally to attract people.
"In spite of its poor techniques and operation， ‘Shanzhai’ culture meets the psychological demands of common people and could be a comfort to their minds," Xie said.
Tian Huiqun，a professor at Beijing Normal University，said that "Shanzhai" culture never copies classic things，only trendy products. In that sense，it's like a computer virus， multiplying without meaning.
Though controversial，"Shanzhai" culture is becoming a widely accepted phenomenon.
"To the mainstream culture, the rise of ‘Shanzhai' culture is a challenge as well as a motivation，" said Xie.
Tian said different kinds of cultures developing together is an ideal situation and it is for the public to choose. The Chinese word "Shanzhai" may have its origin in.
| A．fake cell phones | B．electronic products |
| C．Spring Festival Gala | D．Olympics buildings |
The underlined word "imitates" is closest in meaning to
| A．steals | B．copies | C．advertises | D．cheats |
According to the passage，"Shanzhai" culture refers to.
| A．the action that a person imitates famous people |
| B．anything that imitates something famous |
| C．those similar names to famous brands |
| D．products with poor techniques and quality |
According to Xie Xizhang ,the mainstream culture.
| A．will be held back by "Shanzhai"culture |
| B．will sooner or later be replaced by "Shanzhai" culture |
| C．may develop faster because of the challenging of "Shanzhai" culture |
| D．thinks nothing of the challenge of"Shanzhai"culture |
Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
| A．" Shanzhai" culture will definitely fade out |
| B．"Shanzhai" culture-the mountain village culture |
| C．"Shanzhai" culture-the mainstream culture |
| D．"Shanzhai" culture takes on life of its own |
Many children use the Internet to get useful knowledge and information, and to relax in their free time. But some of them are not using it in a good way. Here are some rules to make sure you are safe and have fun on the Internet.
※Make rules for Internet use with your parents. For example, when you can go online, for how long and what activities you can do online.
※Don’t give your password（密码）to anyone else, and never give out the following information: your real name, home address, age, school, phone number or other personal information.
※Check with your parents before giving out a credit（信用）card number.
※Never send a photo of yourself to someone in email unless your parents say it’s OK.
※Check with your parents before going into a chat（聊天）room. Different chat rooms have different rules and attract different kinds of people. You and your parents will want to make sure it’s a right place for you.
※Never agree to meet someone you met on the Internet without your parent’s permission（允许）. Never meet anyone you met online alone.
※Always remember that people online may not be who they say they are. Treat everyone online as if they were strangers.
※If something you see or read online makes you uncomfortable, leave the site. Tell a parent or teacher right away.
※Treat other people as you’d like to be treated. Never use bad language.
※Remember - not everything you read on the Internet is true.The writer tells children to _________.
| A．send their own photos to him |
| B．make rules for Internet use with parents |
| C．believe everything they read on the Internet |
| D．give out their personal information |
It’s good for children to ______ on the Internet.
| A．give password to others |
| B．get useful knowledge and information |
| C．give out a credit card number |
| D．go into a chat room as they’d like to |
What shouldn’t be done when you are on line? _________
| A．Using bad language |
| B．Sending messages and emails |
| C．Leaving the site if you feel uncomfortable |
| D．Treating everyone online as strangers |
If your parents don’t agree, never ________.
| A．read anything on the Internet |
| B．relax in your free time |
| C．have a face-to-face meeting with anyone you met online |
| D．treat other people as you’d like to be treated |
The passage is mainly about _________ .
| A．How to use computers | B．Surfing on the Internet |
| C．Information on the Internet | D．Internet safety rules |
Do you like chocolate? Maybe most people do. A box of it can be a great gift. Buy one for a friend and give it as a surprise. See how happy that person gets.
Say you just got a box of chocolate. Which piece do you pick first? A man has studied people’s choices. He says they tell something about the person. Did you choose a round piece? You are a person who likes to party. Did you choose an oval (椭圆形的) shape? You are a person who likes to make things. Picking a square shape shows something else. The person is honest and truthful. You can depend on him or her.
What kind of chocolate do you pick? Maybe you like milk chocolate. This shows you have warm feelings about the past. Dark chocolate means something else. A person who chooses it looks toward the future. What about white chocolate? Would you choose it? If so, you may find it hard to make up your mind. Some people like chocolate with nuts (果仁). These are people who like to help others.
Do you believe these ideas? Can candy tell all these things? It doesn’t really matter. There is one sure thing about eaters of chocolate. They eat it because they like it.This passage mainly tells us ______.
| A．why people like chocolate |
| B．almost everyone likes chocolate |
| C．about different kinds of chocolate |
| D．different choices may show different characters |
Picking a round shape of chocolate shows that a person ______.
| A．likes singing, dancing and drinking |
| B．likes to do something for others |
| C．is good at making things |
| D．can be depended on |
If you enjoy eating milk chocolate you may ______.
| A．look forward to the future |
| B．like to think of the past |
| C．enjoy parties and fun |
| D．have trouble making decisions |
From this passage we can say that a helpful man may choose chocolate ______.
| A．in oval shape | B．in square shape |
| C．with nuts | D．with coffee |
The last paragraph suggests that the writer ______.
| A．believes all the information about chocolate |
| B．does not believe the information about candy |
| C．is trying to get you to believe false information |
| D．doesn’t think it important whether you believe the ideas |
Everyone worries. But how do you deal with your worries? Whether your worries are big or small, you can take these three steps to deal with your worries:
1. Try to find out what you're worried about
Sometimes, you will know what you're worried about. Other times ,you might not. Try to find it out first; if you can't, you can ask for help.
2. Think of ways to make it better
There is always something you can do to help you feel less worried. Sitting there worrying is no fun and it won't solve your problem.111
Grades at school are often top worries for kids. If you're worried about grades, ask yourself these questions:
★ Why are grades important? What do grades mean to me?
★ How do I get ready for class? Do I go over my notes even when there isn't a test?
★Do I have a good place to do my homework?
★ Have I tried different ways of studying?
If your worry is about a fight you had with a friend, you might write down all the things you could do: write a note to him or her, invite him or her to a basketball game, say sorry to him or her, etc. Once you have a list of things you could do, you can choose the one that gets your friend back.
3. Ask for help
When you're worried, it can help to find someone to talk to. You can ask your parents, friends, or teachers for help. How many steps of dealing with your worries are mentioned in the passage?
| A．Two. | B．Three. | C．Four. | D．Seven. |
When you don't know what you're worried about,_________
| A．you don't need to think of ways |
| B．you can't ask for help |
| C．you should try to find it out. |
| D．you can sit there worrying |
If you're worried about grades, you can ask yourself these questions except “_____”
| A．Why don't my friends like me? |
| B．What do grades mean to me? |
| C．How do I get ready for class? |
| D．Why are grades important? |
According to the passage, what will you do if you have a fight with your friend?
| A．Make a new friend. |
| B．Don't talk to him or her any more. |
| C．Have another fight with him or her. |
| D．Invite him or her to a basketball game. |
The passage mainly tells us __________.
| A．who is often worried |
| B．when people are worried |
| C．how to deal with our worries |
| D．what kind of worries people have |
Mark was walking home from school one day when he noticed a boy ahead of him. He had tripped (绊倒) and dropped all of the books he was carrying, along with some clothes, a baseball bat and a glove.
Mark knelt (跪) down and helped the boy pick up the things. Since they were going the same way, he offered to carry some things for the boy.
As they walked, Mark discovered the boy’s name was Bill. He loved video games, baseball and history, but he was having trouble with some of his subjects.
They arrived at Bill’s home first. Mark was invited in for a Coke and to watch some television. The afternoon passed pleasantly with some laughs and talk. Then Mark went home.
They continued to see each other around school, had lunch together once or twice, then both graduated from junior school.
Three days before graduation, Bill asked Mark if they could talk.
Bill reminded (提醒) Mark of the day years ago when they had first met. “Did you ever wonder why I was carrying so many things home that day?” asked Bill.
“You see, I took away all my things from school. I had stored away some of my mother’s sleeping pills (安眠药). I was going home to kill myself. But after we spent some time talking and laughing, I realized that if I had died, I would have missed so many good times. So you see, Mark, when you picked up those books that day, you did a lot more._____________________”When Bill fell down on his way home, Mark ________.
| A．didn’t notice that |
| B．went away quickly |
| C．carried all the things for him |
| D．helped him pick up the things |
Which of the following is NOT true?
| A．Mark was a warm-hearted boy. |
| B．Bill and Mark were in the same school. |
| C．Bill was good at all of his subjects. |
| D．Bill loved video games, baseball and history. |
At Bill’s home, they didn’t ________.
| A．drink some Coke | B．play video games |
| C．have a pleasant talk | D．watch TV |
Three days before graduation, Bill asked Mark to talk because he ________.
| A．hoped to go on holiday together |
| B．wanted to kill himself again |
| C．hoped to have lunch together |
| D．wanted to tell him his story |
What would Bill probably say at last?
| A．You saved my life. | B．I should die. |
| C．You did a good job. | D．You helped me a lot. |