B
When people lose legs after accidents or illnesses, emergency care and artificial limbs（假肢）often allow them to walk again. Newts （蝾螈） in the same situation, on the other hand, can grow limbs back on their own! Scientists have known for a long time that certain animals can re-grow limbs, but they haven’t quite figured out how these creatures do it.
Researchers have now come up with some new ideas. Their work may give people the ability to re-grow lost limbs. The researchers started with two simple experiments：when you cut a newt’s leg at the ankle, only the foot grows back；when you cut off a leg at the very end, the whole leg grows back. In both cases, the re-growth begins with stem cells. Stem cells can develop into nearly any type of cell in the body.
How do a newt’s stem cells know when to grow only a foot and when to re-grow a whole leg?
This question relates to another mystery. In newt’s, a cut-off leg will grow back only if the nerve bundle（神经束）in it also grows back , but if something prevents the nerve bundle from growing, the stem cells at the wound won’t re-grow a new leg.
In its study, a British team focused on a protein called n-AG. When the team prevented nerves in a limb from growing, but added the n-AG protein to stem cells in the limb, the limb still re-grew. That protein seems to guide limb re-growth. People have proteins that are similar to n-AG. Further research into these materials may someday help human limbs recover by themselves.
40. In the experiments, the researchers cut off a newt’s foot or leg to find out _____.
A. what stem cells were B. whether they would grow back
C. how long it would take to re-grow D. how they would re-grow
41. A newt will re-grow its leg if _____.
A. its ankle was cut off but the nerve bundle was good
B. its leg was cut off and the nerve bundle stopped growing
C. its leg was cut off and the nerve bundle could grow back
D. its ankle and the nerve bundle were cut off
42. What do the underlined words “these materials” refer to?
A. Nerve bundles and proteins. B. Proteins similar to n-AG.
C. Stem cells and proteins. D. Stem cells and nerve bundles.
43. The first sentence of the passage _____.
A. acts as a lead–in B. shows where researchers got their new ideas
C. states the author’s opinion D. describes the result of researchers’ studies
“Who is that?” When watching the movie, Silver Linings Playbook, at the Toronto International Film Festival in early September, the woman sitting next asked me.
It seemed to be a strange question. I wanted to ask if she ever saw a little movie called The Hunger Games, or the Oscar-nominated movie Winter’s Bone. Instead, I just answered, “Jennifer Lawrence.” But I wondered how a moviegoer does not recognize Lawrence! As Silver Linings Playbook continued to unfold and Lawrence revealed herself as a wonderful comic actress, it hit me: this woman probably has never seen Jennifer Lawrence smile before. That is the thing throwing her.
Audiences will have the opportunity to watch Lawrence’s performance in Silver Linings Playbook when the film opens in limited release before a Thanksgiving weekend blowout expansion. The 22-year-old actress heads this year’s lead actress Oscar race by a country mile. Here’s an early main list of some competitors in this category.
1. Jennifer Lawrence in Silver Linings Playbook
2. Quvenzhane Wallis in Beasts of the Southern Wild
3. Marion Cotillard in Rust and Bone
3. Helen Mirren in Hitchcock
5. Emmanuelle Riva in Amour
6. Jessica Chastain in Zero Dark Thirty
Chastain, playing a CIA agent in Kathryn Bigelow’s Zero Dark Thirty, is the wild card here and, quite possibly, the only candidate capable of replacing Lawrence from the top spot. The cruelty in Rust and Bone will put off sensitive academy members, making Cotillard lose chances for a second Oscar. Wallis makes for a wonderful story, but it is too early for her to be awarded a lead actress. Riva will need a push to win the nomination of lead actress.
Mirren, as the Alfred Hitchcock’s wife and unsung partner, Alma Reville, might pose the biggest threat to Lawrence. Older academy members will love the historical Hollywood seen in Hitchcock, and Mirren’s role as the unsung wind beneath Hitch’s wings should find appreciation within creative circles. It’s not “The Queen”. but this year, it might be enough. What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?
| A．To introduce Silver Linings Playbook |
| B．To get us out of the topic. |
| C．To tell us a specific story |
| D．To bring out the topic of the passage |
The underlined sentence implies that?
| A．Jennifer Lawrence doesn’t like smile. |
| B．Jennifer Lawrence’s smile can impress you all greatly. |
| C．The woman has never seen comic films featured by Jennifer Lawrence. |
| D．The woman hates to see Jennifer Lawrence’s films. |
Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?
| A．Cotillard once won the best actress Oscar. |
| B．Jennifer Lawrence was nominated because of The Hunger Games. |
| C．Mirren is the only one who can take the place of Jennifer Lawrence. |
| D．We cannot see the film Silver Linings Playbook before Thanksgiving. |
According to the last two paragraphs, who are likely to replace Jennifer Lawrence to become the best actress?
a.Quvenzhane Wallis b.Marion Cotillard c.Helen Mirren
d.Emmanuelle Riva e. Jessica Chastain f. Alma Reville
| A．c, e | B．a ,c ,f | C．d, f | D．c, e, f |
The most suitable title of the passage is ?
| A．Silver Linings Playbook, the best movie |
| B．A 22-year-old actress |
| C．My favorite movie |
| D．Jennifer Lawrence takes the lead |
Some American parents might think their children need better educations to compete with China and other countries. But how much do the parents themselves need to change?
A new book called Battle Hymn(圣歌) of the Tiger Mother by Amy Chua has caused a debate about cultural differences in parenting. Ms. Chua is a professor at the Yale Law School in New Haven, Connecticut, and the mother of two daughters. She was raised in the American Mid-west by immigrant Chinese parents.
In the Chinese culture, the tiger represents strength and power. In her book, Ms Chua writes about how she demanded excellence from her daughters. For example, she threatened to burn her daughter’s stuffed animals unless she played a piece of music perfectly. She would insult her daughters if they failed to meet her expectations.
Ms. Chua told NBC television that she had a clear list of what her daughters, Sophia and Louisa, were not permitted to do.
“Attend a sleepover, have a playdate, watch TV or play computer games, be in a school play, get any grade less than an ‘A’.”
Many people have criticized Amy Chua. Some say her parenting methods were abusive. She even admits that her husband, who is not Chinese, sometimes objected to her parenting style. But she says that was the way her parents raised her and her three sisters.
Ms. Chua makes fun of her own extreme style of parenting. She says she eased some of the pressure after her younger daughter rebelled and shouted, “I hate my life! I hate you!”
Ms. Chua says she decided to retreat when it seemed like there was a risk that she might lose her daughter. But she also says American parents often have low expectations of their children’s abilities.
“One of the biggest differences I see between Western and Chinese parenting is that Chinese parents assume strength rather than fragility.”
Stacey DeBroff has written four books on parenting. “I think that the stirring of intense debate has to do with what it means to be a successful parent and what it means to be a successful child.”
Ms. DeBroff says Amy Chua’s parenting style is not limited to Chinese families. She says it represents a traditional way of parenting among immigrants seeking a better future for their children.
But she also sees a risk. When children have no time to be social or to follow their own interests, they might not develop other skills that they need to succeed in life. Stacey DeBroff advises parents to develop their own style of parenting and not just repeat the way they were raised.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about American parents?
| A．Some of them expect their children to be competitive. |
| B．Some of them need to educate themselves better. |
| C．They should learn from Chinese parents. |
| D．They care their kids more than Chinese. |
What can we learn about Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother?
| A．It is a list of things for children to do. |
| B．It is a book about cultural differences. |
| C．It is a heated debate about parenting. |
| D．It is a book about how to raise children. |
Based on the passage, Ms. Chua’s parenting is exposed to the following EXCEPT
| A．pressure | B．management | C．recreation | D．compromise |
Which of the following agrees with Ms. DeBroff?
| A．Different cultures have different concepts of values. |
| B．Chua’s parenting is followed by many American families. |
| C．Immigrants are always bitterly struggling abroad. |
| D．Parents had better raise their children in person. |
What’s the author’s attitude towards Ms. Chua’s parenting?
| A．Positive | B．Inactive | C．Indefinite | D．Negative |
Eleven top universities are joining the Open University to launch free Internet courses. King’s College London, along with the Universities of Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, East Anglia, Exeter, Lancaster, Leeds, Southampton, St Andrews and Warwick, has partnered with FutureLearn, a company set up by the Open University that will offer free and non-credit bearing courses to Internet-users around the world.
The courses are modeled on the US phenomenon “Massive open online courses” ( Moocs ), which have attracted millions of users around the world and are especially popular in emerging economies.
FutureLearn will improve UK institutions for international students, said Prof Martin Bean, voice-chancellor of the Open University. “At the moment, foreign students’ perception of UK Universities is: wonderful history, great tradition, really good teaching, but a bit boring.”
Leeds University says the partnership will benefit students studying on campus. “Students will have access to a rich set of resources from both Leeds and our partners. They can also broaden their education beyond their main subject areas.”
The UK higher education industry stands among the top five export earners for Britain Moocs have grown rapidly in the US over the past year, with two providers leading the field. Coursera offers courses from 33 Universities, including Princeton, Brown, Columbia and Duke, and has reached more than 1.7 million users, EdX, a nonprofit start-up from Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology courses this autumn.
Simon Nelson, one of the key architects of BBC Online, will head FutureLearn as launch CEO. “It’s really meaningful for these universities to come together –we’ll punch much harder collectively than any other university will individually,” he said.
Partner Institutions will be responsible for their own content while the OU, which has been providing distance-learning courses since 1971, will assist with course delivery and infrastructure. Details of further universities will be revealed next year, as will the courses on offer. What does the underlined word “perception” in paragrah3 mean?
| A．expectation | B．view | C．dream | D．proposal |
We can learn from the passage that
| A．Coursera, one of the two providers, leads the online courses in the US. |
| B．Economics is the most popular subject among these online courses. |
| C．FutureLearn is only set up for the Internet-users. |
| D．About 1,7million users are taking the free courses launched by UK. |
What is implied in Simon’s words?
| A．It’s really meaningful for these universities to cooperate. |
| B．Single university can’t do the work very well. |
| C．These universities will compete with each other. |
| D．Joint efforts by these top universities will help the program go more smoothly. |
All of the following statements are true except
| A．Internet-users don’t need to get credit for the courses. |
| B．UK may top the list of online education one day. |
| C．The UK higher education industry stands among the top five export earners for England. |
| D．Some foreign students may think UK universities are not so satisfying. |
In which magazine would you most likely find this passage?
| A．Entertainment | B．Science | C．Education | D．Business Week |
阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
【1】The air was pleasant and the music was loud in the vast square in front of the New York State office building in Harlem(哈莱姆， 美国纽约市黑人居住区) as health advocates（支持者，提倡者） set up information tables for Harlem wellness Week. It was a wide-ranging effort to educate people about non-communicable diseases: Heart disease, cancer, lung disease, obesity, and so on.
【2】There is an economic effect caused by these diseases, especially in Harlem, one of the city’s poorest districts. Without healthy employees and healthy customers, you cannot have healthy business, says Patricia Ricketts of the Greater Harlem Chamber of Commerce, which sponsors Wellness Week.
【3】Dr. Jo Ivy Boufford is president of the New York Academy of Medicine, a Wellness Week partner. She says education about better nutrition is important, but that people with low incomes often lack the means to put what they know into practice. But there is hope. New York is very active in adovating good, effective public health policies. “New York City has banned smoking in public places, both indoors and outdoors. That is a fantastic example of what can be done, without having any impact on the economy. It is a city where you have bike paths. That is a good message for the world, because bikes make your transport active. That is good for your health and lowers air pollution,” she said.
【4】“It is not enough to focus on the management of disease through medication,” Dr. Boufford says. “That’s why health advocates will be trying to persuade UN officials during Wellness Week to pass resolutions that deal with road and transport design and construction and other potential causes of non-communicable diseases.” What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 8words)
Complete the following statement with words from Paragraph【4】.(no more than 3words)_______________ the management of disease through medication is not enough.
What noninfectious diseases are mentioned in the text?( no more than 6 words)
Do you think it is necessary to hold a Wellness Week to prevent diseases? Why, or why not? (no more than 16 words)
What does the word “That”(paragraph 3) refer to?(no more than 4 words)
The quality of water supply in southern Beijing has been improving in recent years, an official said.
In addition to improvements in the network of pipes, the government has been upgrading three recycled water plants in the south of the capital, said Zhao Lei, spokesman for the Beijing Municipal Commission of Development and Reform.
"The transformation of the three plants has increased the recycled water processing capacity by 160,000 cubic meters per day," he said.
In addition, the city is also speeding up the construction of sewage treatment plants to further recycle the sewage, Zhao said.
Zhang Xiang, a researcher from Nature University, an environmental protection NGO in Beijing, said recycled water use should be promoted, especially in water-scarce cities such as Beijing.
Setting up more recycled water plants in the capital will not only promote efficient water use, but also reduce costs because recycling water is much cheaper than transferring it over long distances, he said.
According to the Beijing Water Authority, the capital will set up 46 more recycled water plants citywide in the next three years while upgrading 20 sewage treatment plants.
The treatment rate of domestic sewage in downtown Beijing will reach 98 percent by the end of 2015, it said.
The capital's recycled water is mainly used for industry, landscaping and cleaning, Zhang said.
Many new communities in southern Beijing are equipped with a network to recycle water.
In the past, people were not enthusiastic about using recycled water. However, as the government has boosted the quality of recycled water and set up more recycled water plants, more residents are gradually accepting it.
Residents in southern Beijing will also enjoy more clean energy, as the government will replace traditional coal-burning stoves with electric radiators as part of a three-year plan to develop southern Beijing from 2013 to 2015.
Since 2010, Beijing has taken measures to develop its southern areas. Earlier efforts have seen the region, which used to rely heavily on low-end industries such as cement factories and small coal mines, being turned into a bustling commercial center and home to many educational institutions.This passage may appear in ________ section.
| A．business | B．life | C．politics | D．forum |
which statement is true according to the passage
| A．Recycled water will be mainly used for drink. |
| B．As usual, recycled water is accepted by people. |
| C．Traditionally people in southern Beijing use coal-burning stove for cooking. |
| D．The water Transferred over long distance is cheaper than recycled water. |
How many recycled water plants will the capital city have in about 3 years?
| A．46. | B．20 | C．3 | D． 49 |
What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?
| A．Southern area in Beijing has taken on a new look. |
| B．The southern area is hone to many educational institutions |
| C．Southern area in Beijing is more beautiful now. |
| D．Southern area in Beijing is a busy place now . |
Which is the best title for the passage?
| A．Beijing government has taken measures to improve its people`s life. |
| B．Recycled water flows to southern Beijing. |
| C．More recycled water plants will be built. |
| D．The southern Beijing residents will enjoy clean water |