第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
A Chinese graduate’s record – setting $8,888,888 donation to his school at Yale University has caused wide debate at home.
The donation will primarily help build the new SOM campus, while part of it will provide scholarship support for the International Relations Program at Yale's new Jackson Institute of Global Affairs, as well as fund(资助) a variety of China-related activities at the university.
Some asked why Zhang Lei, who graduated from Yale less than 10 years ago, chose an overseas institution rather than Renmin University, his alma mater (母校), for the donation. But a larger group of online users voiced support for Zhang's move and said there is still room for improvement regarding management of universities in China.
"We should look at this news from an international standpoint," said Chi Fulin, professor and president of China Institute for Development and Reform. Chi said although Yale gets the money, the donation will also benefit China.
"It will promote more Sino-US exchange programs, and more Chinese will be involved in these exchanges." He said that China also has received a lot of support and funding from overseas donors, and Zhang's move should be regarded with "respect, understanding and encouragement".
In terms of cultural and educational exchanges between China and the US, a larger part of financial aid comes from non – government organizations. "China should also try to attract more donations through such channels in the future," he said.
Zhang said Yale changed his life and taught him the spirit of giving. "Yale has been helping China for more than 100 years. he said, “Many Chinese leaders were educated at Yale. But the relationship has been one-way for too long and I want to help change that."
Zhang, who graduated from the Yale School of Management in 2002, worked for the Yale Investments Office. In 2005, Zhang founded Hillhouse Capital Management Ltd, a Beijing-based investment fund that manages $2.5 billion.
56．Zhang Lei contributed such a large sum of money to Yale just .
A．to relieve the situation that Yale was lacking in money
B．to pay Yale back for the free education he received
C．to help change the pattern of the one – way assistance
D．to promote the relationship between China and the US
57．What’s the writer’s attitude towards Zhang Lei’s donation to Yale?
A．objective B．supportive C．opposed D．unconcerned
58．From the passage, we can see professor Chi Fulin argues that .
A．more Chinese should be involved in donating money to US
B．the behavior of Zhang Lei is respectable and deserves praise
C．government organizations matter much in exchange programs
D．universities in China should take management more seriously
59．As for Zhang Lei, .
A．his generosity made him world – famous overnight
B．his company mainly serves the Yale Investments Office
C．Yale shaped his life and taught him the spirit of giving
D．he considers Yale his preference to Renmiu University
60．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Act of Kindness set a record
B．Individual donation makes a difference
C．A new page for Sino – US relationship
D．Donation to Yale caused debate
A group of Russian criminals have stolen l.2 billion username and password combinations for more than 500 millione-mail addresses. It's the largest known theft on the Internet, according to a report of The New York Times.
Cyber security firm Hold Security discovered the security breach(漏洞 ). The firm found that the group of criminals collected personal information from 420,000 websites, including household names and small Internet sites. The criminals were based in a small city in south central Russia. They hacked websites inside Russia as well as big companies in the U.S. and other countries ,The New Times reports.
The criminals found hundreds of thousands of weak websites and attacked their coding，Hold Security said. Alex Holden is chief information security officer of Hold Security. “The hackers did not just target U.S. companies；they targeted any website they could get，” Holden said. “And most of these sites are still easy to attack”.
According to Hold Security, the criminals have been using the stolen information to send junk mail through e-mail and on social networks like Twitter. They can also use the 500 million stolen e-mail -addresses to plan other crimes. They could use information from bank e-mails to steal your identity or sell the e-mail address to other criminals to make quick cash.
The reported break-ins are the latest events to raise doubts about security at big and small companies. Last winter, hackers stole 40 million credit card numbers and 70 million addresses, phone numbers and other personal information from the retailer Target Corp. The brand is still working to regain its shoppers' trust.
John Prisco is a CEO of a security firm. He says security hacks are more common than many people and companies realize. "This issue reminds me of an iceberg, where 90% of it is actually under water," Prisco said in an e-mailed statement. So many cyber breaches today are not actually reported, because companies are losing information and they are not even aware of it. "
Security experts believe hackers will continue breaking into computer networks unless companies become more protective of personal information. What did a group of Russian criminals do according to the report?
| A．They stole e-mail addresses of the Internet users. |
| B．They destroyed the websites of some big companies. |
| C．They attacked American companies in southern Russia. |
| D．They downloaded the secret information of some banks. |
According to Alex Holden, the criminals entered some websites easily because .
| A．some websites don't have their own coding |
| B．most of the websites lack protective measures |
| C．Russia is more developed in computer science |
| D．the hackers are equipped with high technology |
What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
| A．The criminals are fond of using social networks. |
| B．The criminals sell the stolen information for money. |
| C．The stolen information causes great economic losses. |
| D．The stolen information could bring harmful effects. |
What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6 imply?
| A．We cannot tell how large an iceberg is just from the part on the water. |
| B．Many companies are unwilling to report their information stolen. |
| C．Many companies are not aware their information has been stolen. |
| D．People usually can see just a small part of an iceberg. |
A new study of 8,000 young people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although love can make adults live healthily and happily, it is a bad thing for young people. Puppy love(早恋) may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression(忧郁症). The study shows that girls become more depressed than boys, and younger girls are the worst of all.
The possible reason for the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is “loss of self". According to the study, even though boys would say "lose themselves in a romantic relationship", this "loss of self" is much more likely to lead to depression when it happens to girls. Young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feelings and opinions. They won’t tell that to their parents.
Dr Marianm Kaufman, an expert on young people problems, says 15% to 20% young people will have depression during their growing. Trying romance often causes the depression. She advises kids not to jump into romance too early. During growing up, it is important for young people to build strong friendships and a strong sense of self. She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to their friends, attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family.
Parents should watch for signs of depression--eating or mood changes--and if they see signs from their daughters or sons, they need to give help. The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age. Love will always make us feel young, but only maturity(成熟) gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.What's the main idea of the passage?
| A．Puppy love may bring young people depression. |
| B．Parents should forbid their children's love. |
| C．Romance is a two-edged sword for adults. |
| D．Romance is good for young people. |
Which of the following is more likely to have depression?
| A．Young people who have a strong sense of selfishness. |
| B．Young boys whose parents watch for their behavior. |
| C．Young girls who always hide their feelings and opinions. |
| D．Careless parents whose children are deep in love. |
What can be inferred from the passage?
| A．Lacking love can lead young people to grow up more quickly. |
| B．Early love makes young people keep close to their friends and parents. |
| C．Parents should help their children to be aware of the signs of depression. |
| D．The older a woman is, the less likely she seems to lose herself in romance. |
What's the author's attitude towards puppy love?
| A．Confused. | B．Disapproving. |
| C．Disinterested. | D．Scared. |
Moral science is taught as a subject in most schools but with little effect. Perhaps part of the problem lies in the fact that morality is not a science, strictly speaking. It is too much of a social phenomenon, and also has too much of the personal and subjective things mixed within. Besides, morality itself changes with generations. So it is impossible to be defined in a textbook.
I remember sitting through forty minutes of moral lessons, which told stories about little children who never told lies and were rewarded for their goodness. It had little effect and left no impression on me, though.
If moral science has to be taught as a subject in schools, it needs a participatory (参与其中的 ) approach. When you tell a child about morals, you also have to deal with social norms(规范) and cultural differences. You have to explain that morality can be subjective, and be able to co-exist in society. You will probably have to refer to the morals of the present time.
The best way to tell a child how to live is to show him what is valued. If a child likes his friend, you have to make the child think about why. Once the child notices and recognizes goodness in others, he or she is likely to develop it as well.
In fact, children learn most of their morals by watching people around them. They absorb behavior patterns from teachers and older students. They watch to see what is rewarded and who is punished. They learn on the sports field and through social work. Moral science lessons should simply consist of letting them live and interact, and watch you support correct values and reward good behavior.Which is NOT the reason that moral science is taught in schools but with little effect?
| A．Morality doesn't strictly belong to a science. |
| B．Morality is more like a social phenomenon. |
| C．Morality can't be written down in textbooks. |
| D．Different generations have different moral ideas, ' |
The author describes his own experience of having moral lessons in order to.
| A．explain telling lies not moral for little children |
| B．advise people should be rewarded for their goodness |
| C．show he has no opinions about moral science |
| D．prove moral lessons in schools have little effect |
When you tell a child about morals, you should.
| A．teach him to share personal moral ideas with others |
| B．tell him about social norms and cultural differences |
| C．explain that nobody can influence his moral ideas |
| D．say that the present morals are likely to be changed |
What is the last paragraph mainly about?
| A．The influence of people's behavior on morals. |
| B．The value of teachers' setting a good example. |
| C．The best way of teaching children about morals. |
| D．The importance of rewarding good behavior. |
Do you sleep well? Some people get off to sleep as soon as the head hits the pillow, but many others are not so lucky．In fact，the lack of quality sleep has become a public health issue around the world．According to the World Association of Sleep Medicine，45 percent of the world’s population suffer from sleep problems．One in eight people don’t sleep well and are easily woken．7．6 percent sleep less than 3 hours each night．Some even can not fall asleep for several days in a row．
As a basic bodily and mental need，sleep is essential for our survival．It helps us to fight diseases，strengthen our memory, perform better in work and school and improve our quality of life．Lack of sleep is known to have a significant negative influence on health，both in the short and long term．Poor sleep has been associated with obesity, weakened immune systems and even some cancers，as well as depression and anxiety．
The World Sleep Day, held on the third Friday of March，is an annual celebration of sleep to lighten the burden of sleep problems through better prevention and management of sleep disorders．
Unhealthy lifestyle may be the first to blame for sleeplessness．More and more people use cellphones and computers in bed，with many staying up until midnight．Modern technology does make our life convenient，but abuse of it ruins our health．Environmental conditions，such as temperature，noise，light，bed comfort also play an important role in one’s ability to get proper sleep．Besides，improper evening diet，like a full or an empty stomach，coffee and alcohol all contribute to sleep problems．Of course，when it comes to causing poor sleep stress from finances，family or work should never be ignored．
However, those who suffer from sleep disorders don’t necessarily have to continue to do so—most sleep problems can be solved．What can be inferred from Paragraph 1 ？
| A．Nobody can stay awake for several days． |
| B．All people are going through sleep problems． |
| C．Sleep problems have become a worldwide concern． |
| D．The majority of the world’s population can’t sleep well． |
What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?
| A．The influences of lack of sleep． |
| B．The possible causes of poor sleep． |
| C．Poor sleep is associated with illness． |
| D．Good sleep helps us to perform better. |
What will be discussed in the paragraph that follows?
| A．The harm of sleep problems． |
| B．Activities on the World Sleep Day． |
| C．Interviews of poor sleep sufferers． |
| D．Measures against sleep problems． |
American cities are similar to other cities around the world．In every country, cities reflect the values of the culture．American cities are changing，just as American society is changing．
After World War II，the population of most large American cities decreased；however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased．In the late 1940s and early 1950s，city residents became wealthier．They had more children so they needed more space．They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes．They bought houses in the suburbs(郊区)．
Now things are changing，the children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults．Many, unlike their parents，want to live in the cities．They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest．Many young professionals are moving back into the city．They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there；or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers．
This population shift(迁移)is bringing problems as well as benefits．Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent．In the 1950s，many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs；now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities．
Only a few years ago，people thought that the older American cities were dying．Some city residents now see a bright，new future．Others see only problems and conflicts．One thing is sure：many dying cities in America are alive again．What does the author think of cities all over the world?
| A．They are dying． | B．They are hopeless． |
| C．They are similar． | D．They are different． |
Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War II?
| A．Because older American cities were dying． |
| B．Because they were richer and needed more space． |
| C．Because cities contained the worst parts of society． |
| D．Because they could hardly afford to live in the city． |
According to the 4th paragraph，a great many poor people in American cities____．
| A．are faced with housing problems |
| B．are forced to move back to the suburbs |
| C．want to sell their buildings |
| D．need more money for daily expenses |
We can conclude from the text that_________________.
| A．American cities are changing for the worse |
| B．people have different views on American cities |
| C．older people prefer the city to the suburbs in America |
| D．the population is decreasing in older American cities |