C
Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful (有压力的) conditions. Social support makes up of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over types of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support money aid, material resources, and needed services - that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.
66. Interpersonal relationships are important because they can ________
A. make people live more easily B. smooth away daily problems
C. deal with life changes D. cure types of illnesses
67. The researches show that people's physical and mental health _______
A. lies in the social medical care systems which support them
B. has much to do with the amount of support they get from others
C. depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles
D. is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes
68. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "cushions"?
A. takes place of B. makes up of
C. lessens the effect of D. gets rid of
69. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of ________
A. instrumental support B. informational support
C. social companionship D. the strengthening of self-respect
70. What is the subject discussed in the text?
A. Interpersonal relationships. B. Kinds of social support.
C. Ways to deal with stress. D. Effects of stressful condition.
Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day.“I was a clothes addict(迷),” he jokes.“I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled(皱的).” Today David wears casual clothes—khaki pants and a sports shirt—to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie.“I'm working harder than ever,” David says,“and I need to feel comfortable.”
More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work. In the United States, the changes from formal to casual office wear have been slow. In the early 1990s,many companies allowed their workers to wear casual clothes on Friday(but only on Friday).This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday”.“What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for workers has really become an everyday thing,” said business adviser Maisly Jones.
Why have so many companies started allowing their workers to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it's easier for a company to attract new workers if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people don't want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company,“so it's hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study made by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that casual dress has a side effect on work. Supporters of casual office wear also say that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said.“For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict” because _______.
| A．he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt |
| B．he couldn't stand a clean appearance |
| C．he wanted his clothes to look tidy and clean all the time |
| D．he didn't want to spend much money on clothes |
David Smith wears casual clothes now, because _______.
| A．they make him feel at ease when working |
| B．he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes |
| C．he looks handsome in casual clothes |
| D．he no longer works for any company |
According to this passage, which of the following is FALSE?
| A．Many workers don't like a conservative dress code. |
| B．Comfortable clothes make workers more productive. |
| C．A casual clothes code is welcomed by young workers. |
| D．All the employers in the U.S. are for casual office wear. |
According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE?
| A．Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago. |
| B．Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s. |
| C．“Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers. |
| D．Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people. |
Many college students have after-school jobs. Students both go to school and have a job at the same time. Every student has his or her own reason for having an after-school job. The most common reason is to help pay for college. In the US, going to a college or university may be very expensive. Not only must students pay for classes, they must also pay for a place to live, food, and other expenses. Buying books for classes can also be very expensive. Students spend as much as five hundred US dollars on books. Many parents do not have enough money to pay all of these expenses, so the students must get an after-school job to help pay for his or her education.
Other students have after-school jobs not to pay for college, but to make and save a little money. Even after all of the school fees are paid, students often have many other expenses. Also, students like to go out and have fun. They may want to do anything from shopping to going to music concerts, to going out to bars and drinking with friends. Though it can be a lot of fun to do all of these things, you can not participate if you do not have money. Because of this, many students try to find jobs so that they can have fun as well as study.
Some students get after-school jobs simply to gain more experience. If a student has neverworked before, he or she can have the opportunity to have his or her first job. If a student is interested in banking, he or she may spend a few hours every week working at a local bank. If a student is interested in working in a library after he or she graduates from college,the student can often find a job at the college library. There are many job opportunities for students who are interested in gaining experience in the area his or her choice.
Though some people feel that after-school jobs take away from a student's time to do his or her homework, working is a great learning experience that happens outside of the classroom,and can provide many new opportunities for the students.After reading the passage, we know that, besides paying for college education, American students have after-class jobs to _______.
| A．make or save a little money and gain some experience |
| B．simply earn some money |
| C．support his or her family |
| D．have fun only |
In the third paragraph the purpose of giving examples is _______.
| A．to say that they have no choice but to do some jobs in college |
| B．to show that the students are interested in working in banks and libraries |
| C．to show that working in a bank or a library is the best way to earn money |
| D．to explain how the students gain experience from after-school jobs |
The best title for this passage is _______.
| A．To Get an After-school Job for Fun |
| B．Getting an After-school Job for Your Education |
| C．After-school Jobs |
| D．Experience Is Very Important for Your Job |
Some kids can't sit still for long. They have a hard time paying attention to just one thing. They're easily distracted(分神).They can get very impatient. They hate standing in line or waiting for their turn in a game or activity. They get bored pretty fast. They may also be impulsive—saying the first thing that comes to mind or interrupting someone else who's talking.
For certain kids, this problem is so severe(严重) that doctors have a name for it: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. Perhaps as many as 1 out of every 20 kids under the age of 18 have characteristics of ADHD. Often, these kids have trouble getting through school and face other difficulties later in life.
Rizzo started developing the Virtual Classroom in 1999.He wanted to see if he could use it as a tool for testing and treating kids who have attention disorders.
To diagnose(诊断) ADHD, doctors typically test patients by giving them tasks that require attention. As part of one classic test, you watch letters flashed on a computer screen. Every time you see the letter “A” followed by the letter “X”,you have to press the space bar. If you're paying close attention, you'll register all the times this combination occurs. If not, you'll miss some.
The Virtual Classroom makes these tests more efficient, Rizzo says. In one experiment, he gave a group of kids the classic “A-X” test. Instead of looking at a computer screen in a doctor's office, though, the kids wore headsets that made it look like they were taking the test in a classroom.
“Basically what we found,”Rizzo says,“is that, in 20 minutes of testing with virtual reality,we replicated(复制) a finding that usually requires a couple hours of standard testing with computer screens in the psychologist's office.”The first paragraph mainly tells us _______.
| A．how to find a patient with ADHD |
| B．the behavior of some kids with ADHD |
| C．kids with ADHD cannot sit still for a long time |
| D．kids with ADHD are easily distracted |
Perhaps as many as _______ kids have characteristics of ADHD.
A. one out of every twenty kids
B. five percent kids less than 18 years old
C. one out of twenty kids at the age of 18
D. five percent kids more than age of 18 In the experiment, patients need to press the space bar, when _______.
| A．see letters A following X | B．first see A then see B |
| C．see letter X and A | D．see letters A followed by X |
The main idea of the last paragraph is _______.
| A．in virtual classroom, we finish the test in 20 minutes |
| B．the standard test with computer screen usually costs several hours |
| C．the experiment is easy to do |
| D．the result of the experiment |
Travel to China is a lifetime experience and a better way to understand China. Only when you are there, you may start to appreciate and understand what a difference to live in a nation with a population of 1.3 billion.
China offers variety choices for visitors. If you are interested in Chinese history, Chinese culture and Chinese scenery, your trip will be very fulfilled and very interesting. If you want to enjoy a peaceful sunshine beach holiday, there are plenty of tourist areas along the coastal line, which have unspoiled beaches and luxury hotels for visitors. In Hainan Island, the beautiful Sanya beaches are opened the whole year around and there is no winter in this island. If you want excitements and nightlife, stay in big cities. There are many places every night for international gathering. If you are adventurers, go to remote areas to watch wild life or visit minorities(少数民族) to see how they live in the hillsides or desert. If you are sporty, take a cycle trip along the countryside, enjoy the rural(田园的) life and meet with Chinese people long the route.
You may have heard or read a lot about China from books, newspapers, magazines and TV programs. Some of them are true but most of them are out of date, incorrect or even false. China is different from many of your previous experiences and may shock you in many ways. This is what China is!
This country is changing and progressing every day. Yet it is still a developing country. After the economic reform, most of the developments concentrate in major cities and remote areas(边远地区) are still very backward. China is a very populated nation and people have to cope with the crowded environment. Foreign visitors may not get used to the mentality of the people and sometimes become frustrated with the situation, which they never experienced before. Basically Chinese are reserve, peaceful and nice. They are very polite too but in their own way. When a foreigner is willing to take a more positive attitude to recognize the difference, the trip will become worthwhile or you may ruin your trip completely by unreasonable expectation and misjudgment of the people in general.According to the passage, if you go to China, you can enjoy all but _______.
| A．mountain climbing | B．sunshine beach |
| C．rural life | D．watching wild life |
After economic reform, most remote areas in China now _______.
| A．also develop fast | B．are very rich |
| C．still need developing | D．are very forward |
This passage might be from _______.
| A．advertising | B．newspaper | C．novel | D．newsreport |
Sometimes,foreigners in China may become frustrated(气恼，沮丧).Which of the following statement is NOT true?
| A．They are not used to the crowded environment. |
| B．Sometimes, Chinese are not polite enough in foreigners' eyes. |
| C．They don't think there are good sceneries in China. |
| D．Chinese are reserve. |
The high noise of modern life may affect speech and language development in the very young, according to a study that found the auditory (听觉的) parts of the brains of young mice are slower to organize properly in the presence of continuous sounds.
Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, reared a group of rats in an environment of continuous background noise and found that their brain circuits that receive and interpret (解释) sound did not develop at the same rate as animals that were raised in a quieter environment.
Edward F. Chang and Michael Merzenich, co-authors of the study appearing in the journal Science, said that the continuous noise delayed the organization of auditory neurons (神经细胞) during a critical two-to-three-week period after the rat pups were born.
For rats not exposed to the noise, the auditory cortex(皮层) neurons during this period gathered into a smaller area and began developing a selective response to sounds.
But for the noiseexposed rats, this organization was slowed, causing a delay in the development of the ability to discriminate(辨别) specific sound tones. The researchers said it took three or four times longer for the rats raised in a noisy environment to reach the basic bench marks (基准) of auditory development seen in the rat pups not exposed to noises.
Although the rat is not a perfect model for what happens in humans, the authors note, the study does suggest that high levels of noise might possibly affect some language learning in babies.
“These findings suggest that environmental noise, which is commonly present in contemporary child-rearing environments, can potentially contribute to auditory and language-related development delays,”the authors wrote in Science.
The authors noted that although the brain development was delayed in rats exposed to the noise, their brains did eventually mature (成熟的) normally.The scientists at California University studied rats_______.
| A．of different age groups | B．with different habits |
| C．in different environments | D．from different areas |
The rats exposed to noise, compared to those not exposed, _______.
| A．were more sensitive | B．were duller |
| C．grew up more slowly | D．gathered together more quickly |
The result of the research mainly tells us that noise _______.
| A．delays brain development | B．stops baby growth |
| C．affects speech and language | D．destroys brains |
The findings of the research are said to have special connections with _______.
| A．causes of noises | B．medical science |
| C．other living things | D．human babies |