第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读-优题课

Farmers use different kinds of soil conservation methods to protect their land from damage by farming and the forces of nature . One important form of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks . Windbreaks are barriers formed by trees and other plants with many leaves . Farmers plant them in lines around their fields .
Windbreaks stop the wind from blowing soil away . They also keep the wind from destroying or damaging crops . They are very important for growing grains , such as wheat . There have been studies done on windbreaks in parts of West Africa , for example . These found that grain harvests can be twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks compared to fields without such protection .
However , windbreaks seem to work best when they allow a little wind to pass through . If the wall of trees and plants stops wind completely , then violent air motions will take place close to the ground . These motions will lift soil into the air where it will be blown away .
For this reason , a windbreaks is best if it has only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants needed to make a solid line . An easy role to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the height of the tallest trees in the windbreaks .
These should be at least two lines in each windbreak . One line should be large trees . The second line , right next to it , can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves . Locally grown trees and plants are best for windbreaks .
1.What is the best title for the passage?

A.Building a windbreak to protect soil	B.Building a windbreak to protect crops
C.Using a windbreak to improve grains	D.Using a windbreak to improve plants

2.In the fifth paragraph the author tells us windbreaks______.

A.do not work at all	B.do not stop wind fully
C.will not take place	D.will not allow wind to pass through

3.According to the passage , which of the following statement is wrong ?
A.Windbreaks are barriers .
B.Windbreaks can be used to make fences .
C.In general , there are two lines in all in every windbreak .
D.Windbreaks can protect areas .

You wake up in the morning , the day is beautiful and the plans for the day are what you have been looking forward to for a long time . Then the telephone rings , you say hello , and the drama starts . The person on the other end has a depressing (令人沮丧的)tone in his voice as he starts to tell you how terrible his morning is and that there is nothing to look forward to . Are you still in a wonderful mood ?Impossible !
Communicating with negative people can wash out your happiness . It may not change what you think , but communicating long enough with them will make you feel depressed for a moment or a long time .
Life brings ups and downs , but some people are stuck in the wrong idea that life has no happiness to offer . They only feel glad when they make others feel bad . No wonder they can hardly win others’ pity or respect .
When you communicate with positive people , your spirit stays happy and therefore more positive things are attracted . When the dagger of a negative person is put in you , you have the heavy feeling that all in all , brings you down .
Sometimes we have no choice but to communicate with negative people . This could be a co-worker , or a relative . In this case , say what needs to be said as little as possible , Some times it feels good to let out your anger back to the negative person , but all this does is to lower you to that same negative level and they won’t feel ashamed of themselves about that .
Negativity often affects happiness without even being realized . The negative words of another at the start of the day can cling to you throughout the rest of your day ,which makes you feel bad and steals your happiness . Life is too short to feel negative . Stay positive and avoid negativity as much as possible .
1.The purpose of the first paragraph is to ______.

A.make a comparison	B.offer an evidence
C.introduce a topic	D.describe a daily scence

2.How can negative people have effect on us ?

A.By influencing our emotion .	B.By telling us the nature of life .
C.By changing our way of thinking .	D.By comparing their attitude to life with ours .

3. Some negative people base their happiness on .

A.other people’s pity for them	B.making other people unhappy
C.building up a positive attitude	D.other people’s respect for them

4.According to the passage , to reduce negative people’s influence on us , we are advised .
A.to change negative people’s attitude to life
B.to show our dissatisfaction to negative people
C.to make negative people feel ashamed of themselves
D.to communicate with negative people as little as possible

How Much to Tip
You’re out to dinner . The food is delicious and the service is fine . You decide to leave a big fat tip . Why ? The answer may not be as simple as you think .Tipping , psychologists have found , is not just about service . Instead , studies have shown that tipping can be affected by psychological reactions to a series of different factors from the waiter’s choice of words , to how they carry themselves while taking orders , to the bill’s total . Even how much waiters remind customers of themselves can determine how much change they pocket by the end of the night .“Studies before have shown that mimicry brings into positive feelings for the mimicker ,”wrote Rick van Baaren , a social psychology professor . “ There studies show that people who are being mimicked become more generous toward the person who mimics thorn .”
So Rick van Baaren divided 59 waiters into two groups . He requested that half serve with a phrase such as “ Coming up ! ” Those in the other half were instructed to repeat to orders and preferences back to the customers . Rick van Baaren then compared their take home . The results were clear－it plays to mimic your customers . The copycat waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group .
Leonard Green and Joe Myerson , psychologists at Washington University in St . Louis found the generosity of a tipper may be limited by his bill . After research on the 1,000 tips left for waiters , cab drivers , hair stylists , they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers’bills went up . In fact , tip percentages appear to plateau when bills topped ＄100 and a bill for ＄200 made the worker gain no bigger percentage tip than a hill for ＄100 .
“That’s also a point of tipping ,” Green says . “ You have to give a little extra to the cab driver for being there to pack you up and something to the waiter for being there to serve you . If they weren’t there you’d never get any service . So part of the idea of a tip is for just being there .”
1.How many factors affecting the customers’ tipping are mentioned in the passage ?
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4
2.These studies show that ______.
A.tipping can be affected by physical reactions to many different waiter’s factors
B.people who are being mimicked usually tip less to the person who mimics them
C.the mimic waiters can get almost twice as much money as the other group
D.mimicry makes the mimicker feel bad
3.According to the passage , which of the following will be likely to show the right change of the tip percentages ?
4.We know from the passage that the writer seems to ______.
A.object to Mr Green’s idea about tipping
B.think part of Mr Green’s explanation is reasonable
C.give his generous tip to waiters very often
D.support the opinions of Mr Green and Rick van Baaren about tipping

It gives me great pleasure today to say a few words in praise of a man we will all miss very much . To be honest , I can’t imagine we will do without him when he’s gone . Bill Masters almost single-handed built up our sales force in the Houston area and developed the market position that we enjoy today .In only six years , he has brought the firm from a very low fifth position in the area sales to the point where we now outsell all but one of our competitors . Not omly have we got 37 per cent of the market under Bill’s leadership ; we are increasing our share with each passing month .
As you know , the company has moved Bill to northern California to work his sales magic in one of this company’s competitive areas . But we know that if anyone can do it , Bill Masters can , and I know you all join me in wishing him the best of luck in his new work .
1.The speech was made ______.
A.at a welcome meeting B.after someone died
C.when somebody was leaving D.when they had a new manager
2.How long did Masters work there ?
A.37 years . B.Less than 5 years .
C.About six years . D.Since he began to work .
3.When Bill started to work in Houston area , who had to help him ?
A.many people B.nobody C.about 37 people D.very few people
4.Bill increased the company’s sale ______.
A.by 37 per cent every month B.to the second largest in the area
C.to be the fifth largest in the area D.five times as much as before

第二部分：阅读理解
第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Almost 40 years ago , a community servies organization started providing eye care in Gujarat State , in western India .
The Rgtary Club of Navsari operates an eye hospital and 9 area eye centers in and around Navssri , whose services are for the poorest people . The group opened the hospital , the Rotary Eye Institute of Navsari , in 1970 . India has only about one ophthalmologist for every 120,000 people . The Institute , however , has ten such specially trained eye doctors . It has restored or improved the eyesight of thousands of patients . Many people with eye problems cannot easily get to a big city for examinations and treatment . They live in villages and have no transportation. The Institute established eye centers called camps in places far from the city . Teams from it travel as far as 150 kilometers to see patients . People go to their nearest camp , where medical workers examine their eyes . The workers look for conditions including glaucoma , night blindness and other problems.Some people are found to have cataracts ,abnormal growths on the eye that can lead to loss of eyesight . India has about 13 million people with the condition . Cataract patients get free operations to correct the problem.
Rotary groups also operate eye banks . Doctors at these centers replace damaged eyes with the healthy eyes of donors who have just died . One such center is the Rotary Rajah Eye Bank . It operates in cooperation with the Rajah Eye Care Hospital in Chennai . The Eye Bank opened in 1996 . Hundreds of patients have received new corneas from donors since then . The cornea is the clear front part of the eye that transmits light . 2 million people in India are blind because of problens of the cornea . The Rotary Rajah Eye Bank holds continuing eye donation campaigns . It urges people to leave the gift of sight to others when they die .
1. Which of the following is True about the Rotary Club of Navsari ?
A.The Rotary Club of Navsari is a community service organization .
B.The Rotary Eye Institute of Navsari has only one eye doctor .
C.The Rotary Club of Navsari includes 9 area eye centers in big cities .
D.The Rotary Club of Navsari offers free operations to all the poor patients .
2.The underlined word “ophthalmologist” in Paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A.a physician who specializes in eyes B.a worker working in countryside
C.a patient suffering eye problems D.a volunteer working in eye centers
3.We can infer from the passage that .
A.there are 13 million Indians having eye problems in total
B.the Rotary Eye Institute of Navsari is located in the center of India
C.the medical treatment is convenient for the local residents
D.communications in Navsari are difficult
4.According to the last paragraph ,the Rotary Rajan Eye Bank gets new corneas mainly by_____.
A.cloning B.donating C.cooperating D.forcing
5.The author develops the passage mainly by ______.
A.providing typical examples
B.making a definition
C.comparing two different areas
D.presenting two examples and drawing a conclusion