_____a written permission, he had to write another letter to the president of the university.
| A．Not giving | B．Not having been given |
| C．Having not given | D．Having not been given |
—________Beijing of 2012 saw its first snowfall in the month of November.
—Oh, it came as ________ surprise to us.
| A．The; the | B．The; a |
| C．/; a | D．/; the |
．________ relation between China and Russia has developed steadily since Vladimir Putin was reelected ________ president last May.
| A．The; the | B．A; the |
| C．The; / | D．A; / |
I have learned that it's taking ________ long time to become ________ person I want to be.
| A．the; a | B．a; the |
| C．the; the | D．/; a |
Because of H7N9 bird flu, all the chicken markets in Shanghai have been closed and won't open until further ________.
| A．sign | B．symbol |
| C．contact | D．notice |
One reason for her ________ for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
| A．reference | B．preference |
| C．performance | D．consequence |