The damming of river systems in the northwestern United States has had damaging effects on salmon(鲑鱼). In the spring young salmon, called smolts, drift into rivers from smaller streams. They swim with the current downstream heading for the Pacific Ocean. Before the large-scale constructions of dams(水坝), the young salmon used the strong flow from melting snows to get to the sea in between six and twenty days. It is necessary to do this because during these days the smolts’ bodies undergo the physiological changes for adaptation to salt water.
Unfortunately, the current has become very slow due to the construction of numerous dams. Companies operating the dams also intentionally slow the current. They store the water from the melting snow until the winter, when more electric power is needed. The net result is that many of the young fish do not survive the now sixty-day trip to the sea. Consequently, there are fewer adult salmon to migrate(回游) back up the rivers for breeding. When the time comes for the salmon to return, they again face the problem of dams. As fewer adult salmon are able to get back to their cool upstream water, they fail to produce a sufficiently new generation of salmon. This cycle could eventually lead to the extinction of the fish.
Attempts are being made to transport the young salmon down river by boats. However, many scientists think that this artificial method of getting the fish to the sea kills more than it saves. Another suggestion, recently proposed by environmentalists, is to increase the rate of water flow. This would be a partial（部分的） solution to the declining salmon numbers. One method of doing this would call for releasing water from upstream dam. This would speed up the downstream movement of the smolts.
Another method would be to reduce the water level in the dams for a period in the spring when the smolts are migrating downstream. This would also increase the flow rate temporarily without requiring large amounts of water and, thus, enable the young salmon to move downstream faster. Unfortunately, both of these proposals have met with criticism from the power companies, which strongly suggests the uncertain fate of the salmon in the region.
76. What’s the main topic of the passage?
A. The failure of adult salmon to reproduce.
B. The importance of smolts returning upstream.
C. The need for smolts to reach salt water quickly.
D. The harm caused to salmon by river damming.
77. The passage discusses all of the following methods of dealing with salmon issue EXCEPT _____.
A. carrying the fish in boats
B. allowing water to be released from upstream dams
C. dropping water levels in dams
D. breeding salmon
78. In paragraph 3, what does the author mean by the statement that many scientists think that this artificial method of getting the fish to the sea kills more than it saves?
A. Saving fish is artificial.
B. More fish die when transported than would die otherwise
C. Artificial methods of transportation give salmon the chance to get adapted to salt water.
D. The sea kills more fish than are saved by transportation.
79. Which of the following statements would the author most probably agree with?
A. The salmon problem is likely to continue.
B. A solution to the salmon problem will be found in the near future.
C. Salmon will be extinct very quickly.
D. The government should step in and provide a way out.
There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority(优先) it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling.
If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible(难以辨认)”. It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centred on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.
46.What is the problem with students’ writing?
How to write freely.
What to write.
How to write freely with right spelling.
How to write freely with his own words.
47.Why do teachers encourage early use of dictionaries?
Students will express themselves confidently.
Teachers will not worry about so many spelling errors.
Students’ writing will be good both in content and in technical ability.
Teachers will be proud of their clever students.
48.The author seems to think that ______.
spelling is unimportant in school.
teachers have the same view about teaching spelling.
teachers should pay much attention to the student’s technical ability.
the student’s idea is the most important in his writing.
49.In paragraph 3, the attitude of the author is ________.
| A．suspicious | B．indifferent |
| C．subjective | D．objective |
50.The main idea of the passage is _______.
the importance of students’ writing
the importance of teachers’ attitudes
how to deal with the spelling errors
how to deal with technical ability and content
Last night was the last game for my eight-year-old son's soccer team. It was the final quarter. The score was two to one, my son's team in the lead. Parents surrounded the playground, offering encouragement.
With less than ten seconds remaining, the ball suddenly rolled in front of my son's teammate, Mickey O'Donnel. With shouts of "Kick it!" echoing across the playground, Mickey turned around and gave it everything he had. All around me the crowd erupted (沸腾). O'Donnel had scored!
Then there was silence. Mickey had scored all right, but in the wrong goal, ending the game in a tie. For a moment there was a total hush. You see, Mickey has Down syndrome (唐氏综合症) and for him there is no such thing as a wrong goal. All goals were celebrated by a joyous hug from Mickey. He had even been known to hug the opposing players when they scored.
The silence was finally broken when Mickey, his face filled with joy, hugged my son tightly and shouted, "I scored! I scored. Everybody won! Everybody won!" For a moment I held my breath, not sure how my son would react. I need not have worried. I watched, through tears, as my son threw up his hand in the classic high-five salute and started chanting(歌唱), "Way to go Mickey! Way to go Mickey!" Within moments both teams surrounded Mickey, joining in the chant and congratulating him on his goal.
Later that night, when my daughter asked who had won, I smiled as I replied, "It was a tie. Everybody won."
51.What was the score of the soccer match?
A. Two to two, equal to both the teams.
B. Three to one in Mickey's team's favor.
Two to one in the opposite team's favor.
D. Everybody won because of Mickey's goal.
52. The underlined word "hush" in paragraph 3 means
A. cheer B. cry C. laughter D. silence
53. What did the author worry about when Mickey scored and hugged his son?
A. The result of the match would fail his son.
B. His son would shout at Mickey for his goal.
C. Mickey would again hug the opposing players.
D. His son would understand Mickey's wrong goal.
54. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. both teams liked and respected Mickey
B. both teams were thankful to Mickey for his goal
C. Mickey didn't mind though his goal was wrong
D. Mickey was a kind- hearted boy and hoped everybody won
55. The purpose of the author in writing the passage is ________.
A. to tell a joke to make readers laugh
B. to suggest we should not mind losing
C. to show enjoying a game is more than winning a game
D. to present his son's fine qualities of understanding others
III 阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working harder than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops, and factories are discovering the great efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunch rooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever increasing output. Thus the “typical” Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comfort and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality.
Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that “assembly line life” will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local café?
Since the late 1950s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of this competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.
In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old.
41.Which of the following is a feature of the old French way of life?
Leisure, elegance, and efficiency
Elegance, efficiency, and taste
Leisure, elegance, and taste
Elegance, efficiency, and leisure
42.Which of the following is NOT true about Frenchmen?
Many of them prefer the modern life style.
They actually enjoy working at the assembly line.
They are more concerned with money than before.
They are more competitive than the old generation.
43.The passage suggests that _________.
A. in pursuing material gains the French are suffering losses elsewhere
B. it’s now unlikely to see a Frenchman enjoying a stroll by the river
C. the French are fed up with the smell of freshly picked apples
D. great changes have occurred in the life style of all Frenchmen
44.Which of the following is true about the critics?
A. Critics are greater in number than people enjoying the new way of life.
B. Students critics are greater in number than critics in other fields.
C. Students critics have, on occasion, resorted to violent means against the trend.
D. Critics are concerned solely with the present and not the future.
45.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
A. Changes in the French Way of Life
B. Criticism of the New Life Style
C. The Americanization of France
D. Features of the New Way of Life
Ⅲ阅读(共两节。满分40分)
第一节阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of all the many colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard.
In the early years, these school were much alike(similar).Only young men went to college. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Little was known about science then, and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated, most of them became ministers or teachers.
In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyers could receive their training(训练)in Harvard's law school. In 1825, besides Latin and Greek, Harvard began teaching modern languages, such as French and German. Soon it began teaching American history.
As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them.
Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are made up of smaller schools that deal with(涉及)special fields of learning. There's so much to learn that one kind of school can't offer it all.
41. The oldest university in the US is _________.
A. Yale B. Harvard C. Princeton D. Columbia
42. From the second paragraph, we can see that in the early years,______.
A. those colleges and universities were the same
B. people, young or old, might study in the colleges
C. students studied only some languages and science
D. when the students finished their school, they became lawyers or teachers
43. Modern languages the Harvard taught in 1825 were ________.
A. Latin and Greek B. Latin, Green, French and German
C. American history and German D. French and German
44. As knowledge increased, colleges began to teach_______.
A. everything that was known
B. law and something about medicine
C. many new subjects
D. the subjects that interested students
45. On the whole, the passage is about___________.
A. how to start a university
B. the world-famous colleges in America
C. how colleges have changed
D. what kind of lesson each college teaches
Ⅲ阅读(共两节。满分40分)
第一节阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Chinese word “Shanzhai” means a small mountain village, but now it becomes an accepted name for fakes (假货) after “Shenzhen Cellphones” produced by small workshops in southern China became popular in the mainland market over the past two years.
Besides “Shanzhai” has electronic products, there are “Shanzhai” movies, “Shanzhai” stars and even a “Shanzhai” Spring Festival Gala, a copy of the 25-year-old traditional show presented by CCTV on Chinese Lunar New Year’s Eve.
“Shanzhai” has become a culture of its own, symbolizing anything that imitates something famous.
The phenomenon has caused a public debate over whether it is healthy or sick being a copycat.
In southwestern China’s Chongqing Municipality, a “Shanzhai” version “Bird’s Nest” woven by farmers with bamboo attracts wide attention and the “Shanzhai” version “Water Cube” is popular with tourists too. Both are copies of the famous Olympics buildings in Beijing.
Xie Xizhang, a literature critic, said that taking the “Shanzhai” Gala as an example, when the traditional CCTV program becomes less and less attractive to the audience, the “Shanzhai” version appears naturally to attract people.
“In spite of its poor techniques and operation, ‘Shanzhai’culture meets the psychological demands of common people and could be a comfort to their minds,” Xie said.
Tian Huiqun, a professor at Beijing Normal University, said that “Shanzhai” culture never copies classic things, only trendy products. In that sense, it’s like a computer virus, multiplying without meaning.
Though controversial, “Shanzhai” culture is becoming a widely accepted phenomenon.
To the mainstream culture, the rise of “Shanzhai” culture is a challenge as well as a motivation, said Xie.
Tian said different kinds of cultures developing together is an ideal situation and it is for the public to choose.
41. The Chinese Word“Shanzhai”may have its origin in _________.
A. fake cellphones B. electronic products
C. Spring Festival Gala D. Olympics buildings
42. A. The underlined word “imitates” is closest in meaning to _______.
A. steals B. copies C. advertises D. cheats
43. A. According to the passage, “Shanzhai” culture refers to ________.
A. The action that a person imitates famous people
B. anything that imitates something famous
C. those similar names to famous brand
D. products with poor techniques and quality
44. A. We can infer that the mainstream culture ________.
A. Will be held back by “Shanzhai” culture
B. will sooner or later be replaced by “Shanzhai”culture
C. may develop faster because of the challenging of “Shanzhai”culture
D. thinks nothing of the challenge of “Shanzhai”culture
45. Which of the following might be the best title of passage?
A.“Shanzhai”culture will definitely fade out
B.“Shanzhai”culture –the mountain village culture
C.“Shanzhai”culture – the mainstream culture
D.“Shanzhai”culture takes on life of its own