第四节：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Science Daily -------- Dutch ecologist Roxina Soler and her colleagues have discovered that subterranean（地下的）and above ground herbivorous（食草的）insects can communicate with each other by using plants as telephones. Subterranean insects issue chemical warning signals through the leaves of the plant. Thus, aboveground insects are warned that the plant is already “ occupied”.
Aboveground, leaf-eating insects prefer plants that have not yet been occupied by subterranean root-eating insects. Subterranean insects send out chemical signals through the leaves of the plant, which warn the aboveground insects about their presence. This message makes it possible for two different kinds of insects to avoid each other, so that they do not compete for the same plant.
In recent years it has been discovered that different types of aboveground insects develop slowly if they feed on plants that also have subterranean residents and vice versa（反之亦然）. It seems that a system has developed through natural selection, which helps the subterranean and aboveground insects to communicate with each other. This avoids unnecessary competition.
Through the “green telephone lines”, subterranean insects can also communicate with a third party, namely the natural enemy of caterpillars（毛虫）. Parasitic wasps（寄生的黄蜂）lay their eggs inside aboveground insects. The wasps also benefit from the signals sent by the leaves, as these help them find more insects for their eggs. The communication between subterranean and aboveground insects has only been studied in a few systems. It is still not clear how widespread this phenomenon is.
This research was carried out at the Netherlands Institute for Ecology by Roxina Soler, Jeffrey Harvey, Martijn Bezemer, Wim van der Putten and Louise Vet. The phD project, in which this study was carried out, was funded by the Free Competition of NOW Earth and Life Sciences.
41. After finding a plant occupied by root-eating insects, aboveground insects will usually ________.
A. send out warning signals
B. choose to leave the plant
C. fight with the root-eating insects
D. compete with them for the same plant
42. Aboveground insects will develop more quickly if their food plants _______.
A. have more green leaves
B. get more water and sunlight
C. are often visited by parasitic wasps
D. are not occupied by root-eating insects
43. The underlined part “a third party” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.
A. caterpillars B. root-eating insects
C. parasitic wasps D. aboveground insects
44. What is the best title for the passage ?
A. Insects use plants as “telephones”
B. How do animals avoid competition
C. The living habit of different insects
D. Communication between different insects
Put sunscreen (防晒油) on before going out in the sun.
·Take it with you.
·Use it
— after a swim.
— every hour or so while playing outdoors.
— if you get sweaty.
·Cover up when the sun is overhead
— 10 a.m.—2 p.m..
— especially at lunch time.
·Get your suntan (晒黑) gradually and not too much.
·Controlled exposure (暴露) to sunshine helps avoid skin cancer.
Ask your chemist to recommend a suitable sunscreen.
Queensland Cancer Fund
P. O. Box
Spring Hill, QLD.4000
Phone (07) 8397077
Provided for community awareness by the Queensland CancerThis passage is most likely to be ______.
| A．an article from a student text book |
| B．a direction from a bottle of medicine |
| C．a suggestion from a chemist |
| D．an advertisement from a newspaper |
Which statement is TRUE?
| A．You should frequently put on sunscreen while playing outdoors. |
| B．You’ll never have skin cancer with controlled exposure. |
| C．You mustn’t stay outside from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. |
| D．The more you get sunshine, the better your health will be. |
According to the passage we can see that Queensland Cancer Fund wants to _____.
| A．sell sunscreen, shirt and hat |
| B．help people guard against skin cancer |
| C．encourage people to play in the sun |
| D．make money out of sunscreen |
If you want a sunscreen, you should ask _____ for advice.
| A．the seller | B．the advertiser |
| C．your doctor | D．your parents |
For most caffeine(咖啡因)consumers, its chief benefit is that it helps you get more done. This is what makes it unusual, says Stephen Braun, author of Buzz: The Science and Lore of Alcohol and Caffeine.
“Its appeal is that it helps us earn more money,” he adds. “What makes it different from other drugs is that it’s used as a productivity tool –– not for pleasure.”
Many of history’s creative minds have also been associated with a large amount of caffeine consumption.
According to one biographer, the French novelist and playwright Balzac drank as many as 50 cups of coffee a day. “Were it not for coffee one could not write, which is to say one could not live,” he once insisted.
For seven years, the film-maker David Lynch ate at the same Los Angeles diner every day, drinking up to seven sweetened cups of coffee “with lots of sugar” in one sitting, which he said would guarantee that “lots of ideas” arrived.
Ludwig van Beethoven was said to have painstakingly counted out exactly 60 coffee beans per cup when he brewed(煮)coffee.
Perhaps recent tales of caffeine excess featured the singer Robbie Williams, who reportedly consumed 36 cups of black coffee and 20 cans of Red Bull a day.
It is the routine task itself, as much as the stimulating(刺激的)effects of caffeine, that makes the process so important, says Mason Currey, author of Daily Rituals: How Artists Work. “A lot of artists use the process of making coffee as a gateway to the creative process,” he adds. “You need to get into the right mindset to do that sort of work, and the preparation process provides a focus.”
One problem with attempting to control caffeine, says Braun, is that it affects everyone differently –– it is impossible to work out a “safe” limit that works for everyone. “Eventually, you have to become your own scientist –– there isn’t an alternative to careful self-experimentation,” he says.Stephen Braun mainly stresses caffeine’s _______.
| A．creating ideas | B．improving work efficiency |
| C．helping people to relax | D．stimulating people |
The examples of some famous people are given to show that _______.
| A．most artists like drinking coffee |
| B．drinking coffee helps artists make more money |
| C．there’s a link between drinking coffee and creating ideas |
| D．drinking coffee makes artists become more successful |
What leads to the artists’ creative process according to Mason Currey?
| A．Getting a good mindset. | B．Drinking the coffee. |
| C．Being lost in thought. | D．Brewing the coffee. |
What does Braun advise us to do in the end?
| A．To drink less coffee. |
| B．Never to take more coffee than you need. |
| C．Never to limit caffeine use. |
| D．To work out a safe level of caffeine use. |
The moment a college student arrives on campus, he or she is bombarded with credit card offers. Advertisements for student credit cards are everywhere: in bags at the bookstore, in the campus newspaper, in your regular mailbox, in the residence halls.
With so many college students graduating with large amounts of credit card debt (figures vary, but most are at least in the thousands), learning how to manage a student credit card can be an important lesson for any student. While using a card wisely can be an important part of building credit and making it through a difficult time, knowing how to use a card wisely can be the hard part.
Stick to the following rules when, and if, you need to use a credit card:
You can repay the charge(s) within the card’s next billing cycle.
You must meet your basic needs, like food, clothing and shelter, but set rules and be aware that you will need to repay those charges at the end of the month.
You can talk to the financial aid office in your school for an alternative in “emergency” situations.
If you do want a credit card, just be smart about it. (They let you in to that school because of your brain, right?) Don’t automatically get the first one you find. Shop around for a card that has the lowest interest rate possible, and consider places that may not be advertising on campus. Additionally, be aware of any card’s repayment options: When will payments be due? How much will they be? A credit card is not like a loan that comes with a grace period(宽限期)after you graduate and waits until you are done with school. That new sweater and nice dinner out will need to be paid back right away.What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 mean?
| A．Be confused by. | B．Be terribly hurt by. |
| C．Be attracted by. | D．Be surrounded by. |
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
| A．A college freshman should be careful when choosing a credit card. |
| B．Students should take a lesson about how to use a credit card wisely. |
| C．A credit card will be the only help for students in emergency situations. |
| D．The author doesn’t appreciate the idea of having a credit card on campus. |
What’s the best tittle for this passage?
| A．Economic Tips for College Students |
| B．Dos and Don’ts in Using Student Credit Cards |
| C．Mistakes about Student Credit Cards Use in College |
| D．Student Credit Cards –– What You Need to Know |
If this is a passage of a college newspaper, in which column can we read it?
| A．Entertainment. | B．Advertisement. |
| C．Economy. | D．Education. |
A lot of people say math is not their strong suit. One New Jersey parent wants to help change that. Laura Overdeck grew up with numbers. She always helped measure ingredients when her mother baked, and she learned about angles from her father. She went on to major in astrophysics in college. Overdeck knew she wanted her own children to be good at math, too.
“And when our first child was about two, we just started giving her a math problem every night,” Overdeck said. The problem was usually a story, involving animals, cars or candies that let the kid count. “Our third child started, at age two, yelling that he wanted his own math problem because he saw his brother and sister doing it. And we thought, ‘Wow, we have a household where math is the popular thing at bedtime,’” Overdeck said.
In February, Overdeck launched Bedtime Math, an Internet website where she posts daily puzzles for children. Overdeck is particularly keen to hook children on numbers before they go to school. So why introduce little ones to math so early?
Sain Beilock, an expert on performance anxiety, says the more fun and familiar math is early on, the less likely children will feel nervous when they start to learn math in school. “My lab has shown recently that kids as early as first grade report feeling anxious about doing math,” Beilock said.
“You can hear totally educated adults say, ‘You know I’m just not that good at math.’ or ‘I’m kind of afraid of math.’ And that’s a totally acceptable thing for a well-educated person to say, but you never hear them say, ‘Well, you know, I’m just not that good at reading,’” Overdeck said. She wants children and their parents to become as fluent in numbers as they are in Harry Potter.Overdeck majored in astrophysics because she _______.
| A．was really fond of mathematics |
| B．hoped to change math education in the US |
| C．had an interest in physics |
| D．would like her children to be good at math |
What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
| A．Toys can be used to encourage kids in solving math problems. |
| B．Math will become more popular in every household. |
| C．Math is enjoyable in Overdeck’s family. |
| D．The third child is cleverer than his brother and sister. |
Beilock’s attitude towards Overdeck’s idea is _______.
| A．agreeable | B．puzzled |
| C．anxious | D．critical |
The unfavorable situation of the US in math ability is shown by _______.
| A．the popularity of Bedtime Math |
| B．children’s performance anxiety in school |
| C．people’s response to math |
| D．adults’ great fondness for Harry Potter |
Product Description
Life Without Limits helps you clarify what you want in every area of your life. By using Bassett’s powerful techniques you will change; therefore your life will change. You control your life. And only you can take steps to change it. Life Without Limits helps you take back your power.
Life Without Limits helps you to achieve satisfaction and fulfillment personally, professionally, and financially. Once you have defined what success means for you, you will clarify your dreams and start pursuing them.
Product Details
Published in: 2001-12
Released on: 2001-12-24
Original language: English
Dimensions: 5.3 x 0.7 x 8 inches
Binding: Paperback
304 pages
About the Author
Lucinda Bassett is the founder and CEO of one of the most successful self-help companies in the country, the Midwest Center for Stress and Anxiety, Inc. Author of the national bestseller From Panic to Power, Lucinda Bassett produces and hosts the award-winning infomercial, Attacking Anxiety. She has shared her techniques with such clients as McDonalds, Chrysler, and AT&T. She has appeared on numerous talk shows, including Operah and The View, and been featured in Family Circle, Reader’s Digest, and many more.
Customer Reviews
This book has helped me to gain hope and courage to cope with all my fears and worries. Lucinda writes with such a great understanding and sympathy. She herself had problems with panic and worry. Her positive thinking tips are easy to follow. I don’t get lost in a lot of mental problems. It’s as if she were holding your hand, sitting right beside you, cheering you on! I believe I can do anything I set my mind to after reading this book. However, there are some other readers holding the contrary views.What is Life Without Limits about?
| A．It shows readers what Lucinda Bassett is. |
| B．It encourages readers to realize their dreams. |
| C．It describes how hard the actual life is. |
| D．It implies it is hard to control your life. |
Lucinda Bassett works as all the following except _______.
| A．hostess | B．teacher | C．writer | D．businesswoman |
We can conclude from the last paragraph that _______.
| A．Lucinda has made a lot of money from the book |
| B．all the customers have some mental problems |
| C．Lucinda talks with the customer face to face |
| D．all the customers don’t agree with what Lucinda wrote |