完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，共20分)阅读下面短文，掌-优题课

Unhappy people glue（使粘牢） themselves to the television 30 percent more than happy people.
The finding, announced on Thursday, 1 from a survey of nearly 30,000 American adults conducted between 1975 and 2006 as part of the General Social Survey.
2 happy people reported watching an 3of 19 hours of television per week, unhappy people reported 25 hours a week. The results held even after 4 into account education, income, age and marital status.
In addition, happy individuals were more socially 5, attended more religious services, voted more and 6a newspaper more often than their less-chipper（没有精神的） counterparts.
The researchers are not sure, though, whether unhappiness 7more television-watching or more viewing leads to unhappiness.
In fact, people say they like watching television: Past research has shown that when people watch television they 8 it. In these studies, participants reported that on a 9from 0 (dislike) to 10 (greatly enjoy), TV-watching was nearly an 8.
But perhaps the high from watching television doesn't10 .
"These conflicting data 11 that TV may provide viewers with short-run 12, but at the expense of long-term malaise(精神欠爽)," said researcher John Robinson, a sociologist at the University of Maryland, College Park.
In this case, even the happiest campers could turn into Debbie-downers if they continue to 13at the TV. The researchers suggest that over time, television-viewing14push out other activities that do have more lasting 15. Exercise and sex come to mind, as do parties and other forms of socialization known to have psychological benefits.
Or, maybe television is simply a refuge(慰藉物) for people who are already16.
"TV is not judgmental 17difficult, so people with18social skills or resources for other activities can engage in it," Robinson and UM colleague Steven Martin write in the December issue of the journal Social Indicators Research.
They add, " 19 , chronic unhappiness can be socially and personally debilitating（使人衰弱的） and can interfere with work and most social and personal activities, but even the unhappiest people can click a remote and be passively 20by a TV."
The researchers say follow-up studies are needed to tease out the relationship between television and happiness.
( ) 1. A. comes B. arrives C. differs D. results
( ) 2. A. When B. As C. While D. Therefore
( ) 3. A. average B. amount C. number D. effort
( ) 4. A. speaking B. talking C. taking D. getting
( ) 5. A. active B. positive C. crazy D. cozy
( ) 6. A. look B. read C. see D. take
( ) 7. A. builds up B. cuts down C. leads to D. tends to
( ) 8. A. hate B. enjoy C. adopt D. adapt
( ) 9. A. fashion B. group C. scale D. rate
( ) 10. A. last B. decrease C. widen D. disappear
( ) 11. A. report B. suggest C. improve D. admit
( ) 12. A. excitement B. pleasure C. suffering D. sadness
( ) 13. A. glare B. look C. stare D. fix
( ) 14. A. should B. must C. could D. need
( ) 15. A. comforts B. laughter C. pressures D. benefits
( ) 16. A. tired B. lonely C. bored D. unhappy
( ) 17. A. and B. neither C. nor D. but
( ) 18. A. few B. little C. many D. quantity
( ) 19. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. However D. Yet
( ) 20. A. controlled B. transformed C. persuaded D. entertained

Cutting meat production and consumption by 30 percent would help to reduce carbon emissions(排放) and improve health in the most meat-loving nations, scientists said on Wednesday.
Using prediction models, British and Australian researchers1that improving efficiency, increasing carbon capture and 2fossil fuel dependence in farming would not be enough to3emissions targets.
But combining these steps 4a 30 percent reduction in livestock（家畜） 5in major meat-producing nations and a similar 6in meat-eating, would lead to "substantial population health benefits" and cut emissions, they said.
The study found that in Britain, a 30 percent 7 intake of animal-source saturated（饱和的） fat by adults would reduce the 8of premature（过早的） deaths from heart disease by some 17 percent -- equivalent to 18,000 premature deaths reduced in one year.
In Sao Paulo, Brazil, it could mean as 9as 1,000 premature deaths reduced in a year, they said.
10the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, 18 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions are from meat production and experts say rising 11for meat, particularly in countries with growing economies, could 12livestock production up by 85 percent from 2000 levels 132030.
The scientists said global action was needed to maximize the benefits of cutting meat production and 14 , and that the environmental 15"may apply only in those countries that currently have high production levels."
The study was 16in The Lancet medical journal as part of a series in climate change and health 17the Copenhagen global climate summit scheduled next month.
In a second study, British scientists found that increased walking and cycling, and 18cars, would have a much greater impact on health 19low-emission vehicles in rich and middle-income countries.
Andrew Haines, director of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and head of the research series, said delegates at Copenhagen needed "to understand the potential 20impacts of their plans."
( ) 1. A. invented B. experimented C. found D. proved
( ) 2. A. increasing B. speeding C. stopping D. reducing
( ) 3. A. meet B. change C. break D. adapt
( ) 4. A. by B. with C. to D. in
( ) 5. A. sale B. eating C. production D. use
( ) 6. A. cut B. increase C. addition D. consumption
( ) 7. A. lower B. higher C. more D. less
( ) 8. A. amount B. number C. quantity D. deal
( ) 9. A. much B. many C. few D. little
( ) 10. A. According to B. Apart from C. As well as D. In addition to
( ) 11. A. resistance B. fear C. demand D. anxiety
( ) 12. A. weaken B. strengthen C. drive D. broaden
( ) 13. A. in B. by C. from D. after
( ) 14. A. evaluation B. consumption C. process D. store
( ) 15. A. advantage B. disadvantage C. pollution D. improvement
( ) 16. A. written B. claimed C. delivered D. published
( ) 17. A. along with B. from behind C. ahead of D. in front of
( ) 18. A. more B. fewer C. no . none
( ) 19. A. then B. as C. that D. than
( ) 20. A. health B. body C. spirit D. emotion

Don't blame genes for aging facial skin. A new study of twins suggests you can 1those coarse(粗糙的) wrinkles, brown or pink spots, and dilated(膨胀的) blood vessels on too much time in the sun, smoking, and being overweight.
Because twins share genes, but may have 2exposures to environmental factors, studying twins allows an, "opportunity to control for genetic susceptibility(敏感性)," Dr. Elma D. Baron, at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, and colleagues 3in the latest issue of Archives of Dermatology.
Their analysis of environmental skin-damaging factors in 65 pairs of twins hints that skin aging is 4more to environment and lifestyle than 5factors.
But when it 6skin cancer, the researchers say their findings support previous reports that 7 environment and genes affect skin cancer risk.
Baron's team 8facial skin of 130 twins, 18 to 77 years old, who lived9in the northern Midwest and Eastern regions of the U.S. who were 10the Twins Days Festival in Ohio in August 2002.
At this time, each of the twins also 11reported how their skin burned or tanned 12sunscreen(防晒霜), their weight, and their history of skin cancer, smoking, and alcohol drinking.
The study group 13of 52 fraternal and 10 identical twin pairs, plus 3 pairs who were unsure of their twin status. Identical(同卵的) twins share all of their genes and fraternal twins share only about half.
From these data, the researchers 14strong ties, outside of twin status, between smoking, older age, and being overweight, and having facial skin with evidence of environmental 15
16contrast, sunscreen use and drinking alcohol appeared correlated with 17skin damage.
Baron and colleagues say the current findings, which highlight ties between facial 18and potentially avoidable 19factors -- such as smoking, being overweight, and 20overexposure to the sun's damaging rays -- may help motivate people to minimize these risky behaviors.
( ) 1. A. blame B. owe C. take D. bring
( ) 2. A. same B. different C. similar D. common
( ) 3. A. explain B. confirm C. declare D. shout
( ) 4. A. equal B. related C. close D. strict
( ) 5. A. characteristic B. personal C. natural D. genetic
( ) 6. A. comes to B. talks of C. refers to D. gets to
( ) 7. A. all B. neither C. both D. either
( ) 8. A. examined B. checked C. inspected D. interviewed
( ) 9. A. most B. usually C. mostly D. always
( ) 10. A. joining B. representing C. attending D. remarking
( ) 11. A. separately B. lonely C. commonly D. truly
( ) 12. A. with B. on C. in D. without
( ) 13. A. consisted B. made up C. contained D. included
( ) 14. A. documented B. recorded C. reported D. noted
( ) 15. A. damage B. exploration C. protection D. material
( ) 16. A. In B. By C. As D. At
( ) 17. A. lesser B. more C. no D. fewer
( ) 18. A. look B. aging C. expression D. wrinkle
( ) 19. A. environmental B. genetic C. emotional D. psychological
( ) 20. A. protected B. planned C. unprotected D. prevented

Fifteen percent of US teenagers aged 12 to 17 who own mobile phones have received nude（裸体）or nearly nude images of someone they know, according to a survey released on Tuesday.
Only four percent of mobile phone-owning 1in that age group have sent sexually suggestive pictures of themselves, a practice known as "sexting," 2the Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project.
The Pew survey found that girls and boys were equally as likely to have sent a suggestive picture to 3 person and4teenagers were more likely to have engaged in "sexting."
Eight percent of 17-year-olds with mobile phones have sent a sexually provocative（刺激的） image 5texting and 30 percent have6a nude or nearly nude image on their phone.
Only four percent of 12-year-olds have sent suggestive images of 7.
Amanda Lenhart, a senior research specialist at Pew and the author of the report, said sexually suggestive images have become a 8of "relationship currency" for teens.
"These images are 9 as a part of or instead of sexual activity, or as a way of starting or 10 a relationship with a significant other," she said. "And they are also passed11to friends for their entertainment value, as a joke or for 12."
"The desire for risk-taking and sexual exploration during the teenage years13with a constant connection via mobile devices creates a 'perfect storm' for sexting," said Lenhart.
"Teenagers have always grappled with issues around sex and 14, but their coming-of-age mistakes transgressions have never been so easily 15and stored for others to see," she added.
The survey found that teens with unlimited text messaging plans were more likely to receive "sexts" 16images of people they know. About 75 percent of mobile phone owning teens have unlimited plans.
Among this group, Pew said 18 percent reporting receiving "sexts" 17 with eight percent of teens on 18data plans and three percent of teens who pay per message.
According to Pew, 58 percent of 12-year-olds own a mobile phone and 83 percent teens aged 17 19.
Pew noted that a number of US states are grappling with how to20"sexting" among minors and some legislatures(立法机关) have stepped in to consider laws that would downgrade charges from felonies（重罪） to misdemeanors（轻罪）.
Pew conducted telephone interviews with 800 teens aged 12 to 17 and their parents between June 26 and September 24.
( ) 1. A. teens B. adults C. students D. parents
( ) 2. A. referring to B. reporting C. saying D. according to
( ) 3. A. other B. another C. others D. the other
( ) 4. A. younger B. fewer C. older D. more
( ) 5. A. by B. in C. on D. through
( ) 6. A. accepted B. received C. sent D. mailed
( ) 7. A. others B. themselves C. himself D. herself
( ) 8. A. habit B. system C. method D. form
( ) 9. A. shared B. limited C. tasted D. controlled
( ) 10. A. remaining B. gaining C. maintaining D. obtain
( ) 11. A. along B. by C. as D. for
( ) 12. A. joy B. fun C. excitement D. delight
( ) 13. A. compared B. followed C. combined D. went
( ) 14. A. friendships B. scholarships C. relatives D. relationships
( ) 15. A. transmitted B. transformed C. formed D. switched
( ) 16. A. containing B. concluding C. including D. concerning
( ) 17. A. comparing B. compared C. connected D. joined
( ) 18. A. limited B. unlimited C. few D. little
( ) 19. A. have B. same C. do D. too
( ) 20. A. do with B. deal with C. remove D. ban

Parents who smoke often open a window or turn on a fan to clear the air for their children, but experts now have identified a related threat to children's health that isn't as easy to get rid of: third-hand smoke。
That's the term being 1to describe the invisible yet poisonous mixture of gases and particles(颗粒) clinging(依附) to smokers' hair and 2, not to mention cushions and carpeting, that stays long after second-hand smoke has cleared from a room. The remaining 3heavy metals, carcinogens(致癌物) and even radioactive materials that young children can get on their hands and take in, 4if they're crawling or playing on the floor。
Doctors from MassGeneral Hospital for Children in Boston coined the term "third-hand smoke" to 5these chemicals in a new study that 6on the risks they pose to infants and children. The study was published in the 7issue of the journal Pediatrics。
"Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is bad,8they don't know about this," said Dr. Jonathan P. Winickoff, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School。
"When their kids are 9the house, they might smoke. Or they smoke in the car. Or they strap(用带子捆扎) the kid in the car seat in the back and crack the window and 10, and they think it's okay because the second-hand smoke isn't getting to their 11. We needed a term to describe these tobacco toxins that aren't 12."
The study reported on 13toward smoking in 1,500 households across the United States. It found that the vast majority of both smokers and nonsmokers were 14that second-hand smoke is harmful to children. Some 95 percent of nonsmokers and 84 percent of smokers 15with the statement that "inhaling smoke from a parent's cigarette can 16the health of infants and children"。
But 17fewer of those surveyed were aware of the 18of third-hand smoke. Since the term is so new, the researchers asked people if they agreed with the statement that "breathing air in a room 19where people smoked yesterday can harm the health of infants and children"。
Only 65 percent of nonsmokers and 43 percent of smokers agreed with that 20, which researchers interpreted as acknowledgement of the risks of third-hand smoke。
( ) 1. A. told B. discussed C. used D. mentioned
( ) 2. A. shoes B. clothing C. body D. mouth
( ) 3. A. includes B. covers C. finds D. improves
( ) 4. A. especially B. specially C. immediately D. regularly
( ) 5. A. name B. call C. explain D. describe
( ) 6. A. focused B. tended C. tried D. worked
( ) 7. A. later B. latest C. best D. previous
( ) 8. A. but B. and C. however D. or
( ) 9. A. alongside B. out of C. in D. beside
( ) 10. A. cough B. talk C. observe D. smoke
( ) 11. A. cars B. seats C. kids D. windows
( ) 12. A. visible B. invisible C. poisonous D. concrete
( ) 13. A. policies B. attitudes C. bans D. habits
( ) 14. A. told B. content C. confident D. aware
( ) 15. A. opposed B. agreed C. fought D. connected
( ) 16. A. harm B. destroy C. improve D. confuse
( ) 17. A. quite B. very C. far D. too
( ) 18. A. chances B. risks C. abilities D. conditions
( ) 19. A. tomorrow B. today C. yesterday D. weekend
( ) 20. A. statement B. mark C. discussion D. prejudice