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A new enemy is threatening Japanese traditions: leisure（闲暇）. As part of its attempt to increase imports, the government is trying to get people to work less and spend more. The workers are disgusted.
The figures support the western prejudice（偏见） that the Japanese are all work and no play. Trying to force workers away from their desks and machines, the government said last April that the country should cut down from its 2,100 hours average work year to 1,899 hours and a five-day week by 1992. Beginning in February, banks and stock markets will be closed on Saturdays, staff of civil service will be forced out of their offices two Saturdays a month. The government hopes that others will follow that practice.
But some persuasion will be needed. Small companies are very angry about it and they fear competitors may not cut hours. The unions are no happier: they have even advertised in newspapers arguing their case against the foreign pressure that is forcing leisure upon them. They say that shorter hours are a disguised（隐性的） pay cut. The industrialists, who have no objection to the government’s plans, admit that shorter hours will help them cut costs. Younger Japanese who are supposed to be acting against their hard-working parents, show no sign of wanting time off, either. But unlike older workers, they do spend money in their spare time. Not content with watching television, they dance, dress up, sit in cafes, go to pop concerts and generally drive the leisure-industry boom. Now that they know how to consume, maybe the West can teach them to relax and enjoy themselves, too.
68．The purpose of getting the Japanese to have more spare time is that .
A．the government wants to show more concern for the health of the people
B．the government needs to get more goods from abroad
C．the Japanese have been working too hard
D．the Japanese hope to change the western prejudice
69．The group of people who welcome the shorter-hour system in Japan is .
A．the small companies B．the industrialists
C．the unions D．the younger generation
70．The unions think that .
A．the shorter hours they work, the higher pay the can get
B．the more they work, the less leisure they can enjoy
C．the shorter hours they work, the less pay they can have
D．the greater pressure the government is forcing on them, the less happy they can be
71．The best title for this passage can be .
A．Oh no! Not Saturday Again! B．Leisure: the Greatest Threat!
C．Enjoy While You are Young! D．Less Work and More Play!

The following conversation is between Susan Russell-Robinson from the US Geological （地质学的）Survey and Barbara Reynolds from USA Today .
Q: Why , after 600 years of no activity , did Mount Pinatubo in Philippines erupt（喷发）in 1991 ?
A: Volcanoes （火山）each have their own eruption styles . This volcano probably has a rule which makes it erupt in the order of every 500 to 1000 years , but a volcano in Hawaii seems to erupt every year , and some of the Alaskan volcanoes might erupt every 10 or 20 years .
Q: So nothing caused it ?
A: There’s nothing out of the ordinary . If you were to take an ordinary calendar year , 50 to 75 or 80 volcanoes erupt around the world every year . There are 20 to 30 volcanoes every month that show signs of unrest . That might be a full-blown eruption or a whole host of activities like that .
Q: What is “the ring of fire” ?
A: If you look at where active volcanoes are placed around the world , there are somewhere between 500 and 600 of them . There is what appears to be almost a necklace that goes around the Pacific Ocean . It makes a ring where 60% of the world’s volcanoes lie .
Q: Why such a concentration（集中）there ?
A: That’s based on a theory that the oceans and the continents are like separate pieces . When they move , one might ride up over the other one . In this case , the Pacific Ocean goes under the continents and when that happens it seems to produce magma （熔岩）at depth and then you have volcanoes in the same ring .
64．What kind of writing do you think this passage is ?
A．A text taken from a geography book . B．An interview published in the press .
C．A conversation carried out in a film . D．An oral test recorded as an example .
65．Which of the following statements can correctly explain why we have so many volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean ?
A．The movement of the surface of the earth makes it possible.
B．The Pacific Ocean produces magma and presses it everywhere.
C．The oceans and the continents are separated from each other.
D．The earth’s surface around the Pacific is thinner than any other part.
66．Barbara Reynolds’ main purpose here is .
A．to show how dangerous volcanoes are to the world
B．to learn what signs a volcano gives us before its eruption
C．to warn the world of the existence of “the ring of fire”
D．to introduce some general idea of volcanoes to the public
67．Which of the following can be considered as the best conclusion of the conversation?
A．There are so many volcanoes in the world and we are always in danger.
B．Volcanoes have erupted more frequently than ever before.
C．Volcanoes are waiting to be better known.
D．Something must be done to protect the people near the ring of fire.

We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life , but most of us don’t do a very good job . This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech .
So , you have to give a speech—and you’re terrified . You get nervous , you forget what you want to say , you stumble over words , you talk too long , and you bore your audience . Later you think , “Thank goodness , it’s over . I’m just no good at public speaking . I hope I never have to do that again .”
Cheer up ! It doesn’t have to be that bad . Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making . Ask yourself the purpose of your speech . What is the occasion ? Why are you speaking ? Then , gather as many facts as you can on your subject . Spend plenty of time doing your research . Then spend plenty of time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow . Use as many examples as possible , and use pictures , charts , and graphs if they will help you make your points more clearly . Never forget your audience . Don’t talk over their heads , and don’t talk down to them . Treat your audience with respect . They will appreciate your thoughtfulness .
Just remember : be prepared . Know your subject , your audience , and the occasion . Be brief . Say what you have to say and then stop . And be yourself . Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience .
If you follow these simple steps , you’ll see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking . In fact , you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You’re not convinced yet ? Give it a try and see what happens .
59．The main idea of this article is .
A．you can improve your speaking ability B．a poor speaker can never change
C．always make a short speech D．it is hard to make a speech
60．Paragraph 2 implies that.
A．many people are afraid of giving a speech
B．many people are happy to give a speech
C．many people do not prepare for a speech
D．many people talk too long
61．The phrase “talk over their heads” means .
A．speak too loudly B．look at the ceiling
C．look down upon them D．use words and ideas that are too difficult
62．All of the following statements are true except that .
A．few people know how to make good speeches
B．a lecturer does not need to organize his speech
C．research is important in preparing a speech
D．there are simple steps you can take to improve your speaking ability
63．The title for this passage may be .
A．Do Not Make a Long Speech B．How to Give a Good Speech
C．How to Prepare for a Speech D．Try to Enjoy a Speech

The human body is a living machine , and , like all machines , it needs “fuel” (燃料) to supply it with energy . This is provided by the food we eat . But how much do we need to stay healthy ?
The energy value of food is usually measured in calories . A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1℃. The number of calories people need per day is different , as the pictures show . Also , the number of calories you use at any one moment normally depends on the activity you are in . For example , you need more calories for standing than for sitting , more for running than for walking , and so on .
The energy in food is in the form of three kinds of chemical materials-carbohydrate （碳水化合物）, protein（蛋白质）and fat . Carbohydrate provides 3.8 Cal/gm , protein4.0 Cal/gm , and fat 8.8 Cal/gm . Each food contains different amount of these materials , as the round pictures show .

56．The amount of calories supplied by equal amounts of milk , rice , and peanuts is the largest in the case of .
A．milk B．rice C．peanuts D．rice or peanuts
57．Choose one statement from among A-D that agrees with the passage and the pictures above .
A．You need more calories for swimming than for mountain climbing .
B．Food contains energy in the form of carbohydres , proteins and fuel .
C．Different people need different amounts of energy depending on their age , sex and the activities they are in .
D．3 grams of milk provides 16.6 calories because carbohydrate provides 3.8 Cal/gm , protein 4.0 Cal/gm and fat 8.8 Cal/gm .
58．This article mainly tells us .
A．all the energy is in food
B．the human body needs energy
C．the number of calories depends on your activity
D．we must only eat peanuts to get calories

The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place
Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically（身体上）.
Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale（秤）instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.
On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.
56. From Paragraph 1, we learn that ________.
A. diet products fail to bring out people’s potential
B. people have difficulty in choosing diet products
C. diet products are misleading people
D. people are fed up with diet products
57. One psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to _____.
A. try out a variety of diet foods B. hesitate before they enjoy diet foods
C. pay attention to their own eating habits D. watch their weight rather than their diet
58. In Paragraph 3, “gain comes without pain” probably means ______.
A. losing weight is effortless B. it costs a lot to lose weight
C. diet products bring no pain D. diet products are free from calories
59. Diet products indirectly harm people physically because such products ______.
A. are over-consumedB. lack basic nutrients
C. are short of chemicals D. provide too much energy
60. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

(E)CDABB