第三部分：阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.
Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere i
n one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety.
The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.
The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate. From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly.
With so many loopholes(漏洞) in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”. But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”.
In a society of such high moral practice, what need is there for people to be on guard against others?
56. While taking a taxi in Finland, a passenger __________.
A. can go anywhere without having to pay the driver
B. only pays two US dollars for a taxi ride
C. can never be turned down by the taxi driver wherever he wants to go
D. needs to provide good faith demonstration before leaving without paying
57．We can know from the passage that in Finland __________.
A. both hotel guests and outside diners are served food free of charge
B. big hotels provide meals for all kinds of diners
C. guests can enjoy free food once they stayed in the hotel
D. big hotels are mostly poorly managed
58. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Generally speaking, in Finland, workers can get more pay by working long hours.
B. The workers and their bosses will make an agreement in advance about the pay.
C. The workers are always honest with their working hours.
D. The bosses are too busy to check the working hours of their employees.
59. It can be concluded that _________.
A. Finnish people are really foolish in daily life
B. Finland has been a good place for cheats
C. the Finnish society is of very high moral level
D. all the Finns are rich and therefore honest
The intelligence times provide us much convenience，but at the same time，some of our abilities are being weakened gradually.
1. Memorizing phone numbers
It was annoying to remember numbers. Now we simply add them to our contacts list. That usually works well unless our device is lost，stolen，or damaged. No one can be expected to remember all their contact numbers. What we can do is memorize 5 of our most important contact numbers. This should include a mixture of family，friends and business. If you're really ambitious you can memorize 5 contacts for each category.
2. Map-reading skills
The convenience and effectiveness of GPS guidance systems and digital maps generated by search engines is unquestionable. They've definitely made our lives easier. What we don't get from using these devices and applications is the increased ability to understand spatial orientation（空间方向）and navigation.
To renew or acquire those skills，try using physical maps to plan your next trip. After a few trips，you'll be pleasantly surprised with how useful a physical map can be.
3. Photography
Even amateur photography requires a basic learning about lighting，depth，and composition. This is true for digital photography. Most smart cameras automatically make these adjustments. We no longer have to learn the art of photography. On most devices，this is easily changed by turning off the automatic settings. Experiment with setting by hand the scene modes，lighting，and zoom. You just may learn that you're a “true photographer”.
4. Reading comprehension
The primary cause is E-reader. They're convenient and can store thousands of books. But there's evidence that E-reader makes it more difficult for readers to keep and recall information they just read. Don't worry! What we should do is make an effort to read printed books. This will be especially helpful when seeking information we need for academic or career purposes.
5.Hand-written correspondence（通信）
Writing letters and notes include hand writing skills，organizational skills，and learning about the person or persons you correspond with. This is another easily regained skill. Send a letter to an old friend，relative or acquaintance.What's the disadvantage by adding all numbers to the contacts list?
| A．We may only have the ability to remember 5 numbers. |
| B．It's hard to find the number from the contacts list. |
| C．We might lose all our phone numbers accidentally. |
| D．Our device is more easily damaged or stolen. |
To make yourself a “true photographer”，you ______.
| A．must make it clear how the digital camera works itself |
| B．have to make your camera do the adjustments automatically |
| C．don't need to learn the art of photography |
| D．had better try to set the scene modes，lighting，and zoom by hand |
E-readers are thought to weaken our reading comprehension because ______.
| A．they are convenient and can store thousands of books |
| B．they make it more difficult for us to recall information |
| C．less people can afford to buy E-readers |
| D．people are not fond of reading printed books nowadays |
The author of the text seems to ______.
| A．be worried that we might lose some basic abilities in intelligence society |
| B．point out to us the abilities one should have for adapting to the modem society |
| C．be glad that people will regain these abilities by using them often in daily life |
| D．find out that these abilities will probably make modern people different from before |
LONDON, Aug. 19 (Xinhua) -- A four-year-old child’s ability to draw could be an indicator of intelligence at age 14, according to a study published on Tuesday in the British journal Psychological Science.
The researchers from King’s College London (KCL) studied 7,752 pairs of identical and non-identical twins, and found that the link between drawing and later intelligence was influenced by genes.
At the age of 4, children were asked by their parents to complete a ‘Draw-a-Child’ test. Their drawings were rated from 0 to 12, based on the presence and correct number of body-parts, like arms, legs, head, eyes and nose.
The children were also given verbal and non-verbal intelligence tests at ages 4 and 14. According to researchers, the test was devised in the 1920’s to assess children’s intelligence, so it’s not surprising that the test correlated with intelligence at age 4.However, they found that higher scores on the test were also moderately associated with higher scores of intelligence at 14.
The researchers also measured the heritability of figure drawing. Identical twins share all their genes, whereas non-identical twins only share about 50 percent. Overall, at age 4, drawings from identical twin pairs were more similar to one another than drawings from non-identical twin pairs.
Therefore, the researchers concluded that differences in children’s drawings have an important genetic link. They also found that drawing at age 4 and intelligence at age 14 had a strong genetic link.
“Drawing is an ancient behaviour, dating back beyond 15,000 years ago,” Dr. Rosalind Arden, lead author of the paper from KCL, said that: “This capacity to reproduce figures is a uniquely human ability and a sign of cognitive ability, in a similar way to writing, which transformed the human species’ ability to store information, and build a civilisation.”According to the passage, which of the following statement about ‘Draw-a-Child’ test is true?
| A．The test was devised in the 1920’s. |
| B．7,752 identical and non-identical twins took part in it. |
| C．The test was set to assess children’s intelligence. |
| D．The children took the test at four. |
Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “devised” in the 4th paragraph?
| A．changed | B．formed | C．taken | D．designed |
What do we know about the twins from the passage?
| A．Those who could draw better at 4 tend to be more intelligent at 14. |
| B．Twins who look similar to each other draw better pictures. |
| C．They were chosen to take the drawing test by the researchers. |
| D．They were tested on how smart they were once. |
From the last paragraph, we can infer that ___________.
| A．human society develops because of the ability to draw figures |
| B．drawing helps improve humans’ ability to study |
| C．one’s intelligence is related to his ability to draw pictures |
| D．only human beings are able to draw pictures |
To win an Oscar is an achievement at any age. To do so at 22, as Jennifer
Lawrence has, is just amazing. Recently, the American star won Best Actress at this year's Academy Awards for her role in the film The Silver Linings Playbook. According to Time magazine's Richard Corliss, Lawrence is that rare young actress who "lends a mature intelligence to any role".
Though Lawrence has found great success through her big screen work, Lawrence wasn't sure what she really liked doing before the age of 14. She thought she'd go to college and maybe find a career as a doctor or a travel agent.
Lawrence's two brothers were star athletes and one of them was a straight-A student. Unlike them, she suffered through school, never quite finding where she belonged. However, during a trip to New York, Lawrence suddenly realized that she wanted to be an actress. When she was enjoying the beautiful city, a model seeker asked if he could take her picture, and the next day he called her in for an audition (试镜).
"I read the script and it was the first time I had that feeling like I understand this," Lawrence said.
"Within 20 minutes, in the cab ride from the hotel room, I decided I didn't
want to be a model. In fact, I wanted to be an actress." Having appreciated
this young lady's performance, the agency was so impressed with her reading
that they signed her on the spot. But she insisted on finishing high school so
she could give her full attention to her acting career.
Lawrence burst onto the Hollywood scene last year with The Hunger Games,
which established her as the highest-grossing (票房最高的) female action hero of all time. Rolling Stone called her“the most talented young actress in America".What can we know about Jennifer Lawrence from Paragraph 3?
| A．Her parents were really strict with her. |
| B．She seemed not to fit in with her school days well. |
| C．Her school performance made her today's fame. |
| D．Her two brothers were doing well in all school subjects. |
Lawrence made up her mind to be an actress because of ______.
| A．a model interview |
| B．her brothers' examples |
| C．the taxi-ride to her hotel room |
| D．the beautiful scenery of New York |
From the text we can know that Lawrence is an actress of great ______.
| A．confidence | B．ambition | C．independence | D．talent |
What is the best title of the text?
| A．Choosing Right | B．Acting Wisely |
| C．Following Dreams | D．Winning Young |
I used to think of myself as a person learned in books, but my bookshelves told a different story. Apart from a few Indian novels and an Australian book, my literature collection only consisted of British and American titles. Worse still, I couldn’t ever found anything in translation. My reading was limited to stories by English-speaking authors.So, at the start of 2012, I set myself the challenge of trying to read a book from every country in a year to find out what I was missing.
With no idea where to get those books, I was unlikely to find publications from nearly 200 nations on the shelves of my local bookshop, so I decided to ask the readers all over the world for help. I created a blog called A Year of Reading the World and put out an appeal for suggestions of titles that I could read in English.
The response was amazing. People all over the world were getting in touch with me, offering ideas and book lists. Some posted me books from their home countries. In addition, several writers, like Turkmenistan’s Ak Welsapar and Panama’s Juan David Morgan, sent me unpublished translations of their novels, giving me a rare opportunity to read works unavailable in Britain. Even with
such an extraordinary team of bibliophiles(爱书者) behind me, however, sourcing books was no easy task. With translations making up only around 4.5 per cent of literary works published in the UK, getting English versions of stories was tricky.
One by one, the books from the countries on the list filled my heart with laughter, love, anger, hope and fear. Lands that had once seemed exotic and remote became close and familiar to me. At its best, I learned, reading makes the world real.The author realized she was not a learned person when she found ________.
| A．she could do nothing but read books |
| B．she didn’t have any translated books. |
| C．she had never been to Indian and Australian |
| D．she could only read simple English stories |
What was the challenge the author set for herself?
| A．Looking for publications to publish her own books. |
| B．Creating a blog to offer help to other readers. |
| C．Reading books from nearly 200 countries in a year. |
| D．Giving some suggestions on learning English. |
It was not easy to find the books mainly because ________.
| A．the readers were unwilling to offer help |
| B．there were too few translations in the UK |
| C．the author had no time and no chance to do it |
| D．the writers didn’t want to publish their books |
We can infer that by reading the books from other countries, the author feels ________.
| A．satisfied and rewarded |
| B．thankful and pitiful |
| C．calm and peaceful |
| D．bored and regretful |
Eating too much fatty food，exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately：the air you breathe.
Previous studies have linked high exposure（暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can cause heart attack or stroke（中风） within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one report of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants（污染物）were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. Another study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency（EPA）considers to be of “moderate”(良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.
The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health. The text mainly discusses the relationship between _________.
| A．heart problems and air quality | B．heart problems and exercising |
| C．heart problems and smoking | D．heart problems and fatty food |
The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means _________ .
| A．relatively high | B．extremely low |
| C．relatively low | D．extremely high |
We can learn from the text that __________？
| A．eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart. |
| B．the EPA conducted many studies on air quality. |
| C．moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking. |
| D．stricter regulations on pollutants should be made. |
The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to _________ .
| A．inform | B．persuade |
| C．describe | D．entertain |