Research shows that humans switch from selfish to unselfish behaviour when they are watched. Do you?
A picture of a set of eyes on a computer screen can cause a change in the way people act. Even images of eyes on a charity donation, collection box encourage people to be unselfish, because people put more money in a collection box that has a picture of eyes on it than they do when a flower symbol is on the box.
Manfred Milinski from the Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Germany and Bettina Rockenbach of the University of Berlin, the authors of a new study, found that people act better when they are being watched because they feel they will be rewarded for good behaviour. Their report also referred to other research showing that this response of behaving well when watched is somehow coded into humans and people respond this way unconsciously, or without realizing it.
It is not just humans that act unselfishly when they are being watched. A fish called the grooming fish cleans other fish. When other fish are around, it is gentler. When no other fish are around, however, the grooming fish bites chunks from the fish it is supposed to be cleaning.
The researchers suggest that the best way to get people to behave in the correct way is to make them feel watched. This could be the reason for the success of a famous American army poster. On it was a picture of an elderly man staring fiercely and pointing, it appeared, to the person who was looking at the poster. Under the picture was the caption 'I Want You' It encouraged hundreds of thousands of young American men to join the army during the Second World War to fight the Germans and Japanese.
68. According to the report, why does a person behave better when he feels he is being watched?
A. He does not want to be shamed by others.
B. He needs to show he is a good person.
C. He desires others to like him more.
D. He feels he will receive some social reward
.
69. What is the text mainly about?
A. It describes changed behaviour when observed.
B. It details ways to control people's behaviour.
C. It tells how to make people work harder.
D. It discusses different advertising methods.
70．Where would the study described in the text most likely be found?
A. In a newspaper.
B. In a scientific journal.
C. In an advertising magazine.
D. In a science textbook.
On October 5, 2011, around 3：00 p. m., Steven P. Jobs, the co-founder of Apple, died at his home in Palo Alto, California, aged 56, six weeks after resigning as CEO of Apple. The death was announced by Apple, the company that Mr. Jobs and his high school friend Stephen Wozniak started in 1976 in a suburban California garage.
Jobs was born in San Francisco and adopted at birth by Paul Jobs and Clara Jobs. Paul Jobs taught his son basic electronics and how to work with his hands. His adoptive mother was an accountant, who taught him to read before he went to school. Asked in a 1995 interview what he wanted to pass on to his children, Jobs replied, "Just to try to be as good a father to them as my father was to me. I think about that every day of my life. "
Following high school graduation in 1972, Jobs was admitted to Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Although he dropped out after only one semester, he continued taking classes at Reed, sleeping on the floor in friends' rooms, returning Coke bottles for food money, and getting weekly free meals at the local temple.
In the late 1970s, they designed, developed, and marketed one of the first commercially successful personal computers, the Apple II series. In 1985, after losing a power struggle, Jobs left Apple and founded NeXT, a computer platform development company specializing in the higher-education and business markets.
In 1986, he put money in and produced Toy Story (1995), making Jobs Disney's largest shareholder at seven percent.
Apple's 1996 buyout of NeXT brought Jobs back to the company. He became a permanent CEO from 2000, developing the iPod, iPhone and iPad products. From 2003, he fought an eight-year battle with cancer. He underwent surgery in 2004, received a liver transplant in 2009. And he took three medical leaves of absence before stepping down in August and turning over the power to Cook.
Jobs married Laurene Powell on March 18, 1991, and the couple had a son and two daughters.
【题文1】According to the passage, how old was Steve P. Jobs when he got married to Laurene Powell?
A. 21 B. 30 C. 36 D. 45
【题文2】The writer of the article mainly talks about Steve P. Jobs' __________ in paragraph 2 and paragraph 3.
A. adoptive father and mother
B. birth father and mother
C. early life and education
D. middle school and college life
【题文3】Put the events in correct order.
①Jobs married Laurene Powell.
②He received a liver transplant.
③After losing a power struggle, Jobs left Apple.
④He was diagnosed with a certain cancer.
⑤He resigned from Apple.
⑥He became a permanent CEO of Apple.
A. ③①⑥④②⑤B. ①③⑥⑤④②
C. ①③②⑤⑥④ D. ①③⑥④②⑤
【题文4】 According to the passage, the statements are right except __________.
A. Steve P. Jobs greatly appreciates his adoptive parents' love.
B. Steve P. Jobs was once unemployed by the company he cofounded.
C. With the help of his adoptive parents, he finished his college successfully.
D. He did change the world by his hard work and his intelligence.
【题文5】Steve P. Jobs returned Apple because of __________.
A. his contribution to Apple
B. his willingness to return to Apple
C. his being very rich
D. Apple's buying NeXT
December 2
Sharon called about four times today. At least it shows she's trying to explain something to me. I feel a little better.
December 3
This morning Sharon said she had only told one person and didn't know why everyone seemed to know. Yes, I am an adopted (收养的) daughter. But she had promised to keep it a secret forever!
December 5
I wish I had a friend I could really trust all of the time. I thought I found that friend, but I haven't and it's making me miserable (痛苦的)! It's wrong to tell her all about it. She gains my trust, and then loses it.
December 7
I have a nice room, beautiful house and everything I've ever wanted. My adoptive parents will give me all the things I've ever dreamed of. Yet all the money in the world can't buy what I want now. I want Sharon to be my best friend again.
December 10
Sharon just called. She said she thought it might help if we spent more time together. She worried that I would change schools. She is the best friend I've ever had. When I'm with Sharon, I can be myself. I need Sharon's friendship. I need it more than I've ever known.
December 16
I just had the most fantastic two days of my life! This was the best time I've had for a long, long while. Yesterday, we walked five times around the park and today we walked along the river for twenty minutes. We talked so much. Sharon, Sharon, no brick wall between us now. What is the author mainly worried about?
| A．How she was adopted? |
| B．Why she had to change schools? |
| C．Her family life. |
| D．Her friendship with Sharon. |
Sharon lost the author's trust because she __________.
| A．did not keep the author's secret |
| B．did not explain something to the author |
| C．told the author's past life to everyone |
| D．often refused to help the author |
The underlined word "fantastic" in the last paragraph probably means __________.
| A．funny | B．wonderful | C．sad | D．lucky |
Every day we go to school and listen to the teacher, and the teacher will ask us some questions. Sometimes, the classmates will ask for your opinions of the work of the class. When you are telling others in the class what you have found out about these topics, remember that they must be able to hear what you are saying. You are not taking part in a family conversation or having a chat with friends—you are in a slightly unnatural situation where a large group of people will remain silent, waiting to hear what you have to say. You must speak so that they can hear you—loudly enough and clearly enough but without trying to shout or appearing to force yourself.
Remember, too, that it is the same if you are called to an interview whether it is with a professor of your school or a government official who might meet you. The person you are seeing will try to put you at your ease (not worried) but the situation is somewhat different from that of an ordinary conversation. You must take special care that you can be heard.When you speak to the class, you should speak __________.
| A．as slowly as possible |
| B．in a low voice |
| C．loudly |
| D．forcefully |
Usually, when you speak to the class, the class is __________.
| A．noisy |
| B．quiet |
| C．having a rest |
| D．serious |
The situation in the class is __________ that in your house.
| A．not very different from |
| B．sometimes the same as |
| C．sometimes not the same as |
| D．not the same as |
The main idea of this passage is __________.
| A．that we should talk in different ways in different situations |
| B．that we must speak loudly |
| C．that we must keep silent at any time |
| D．that we must talk with the class |
My husband had just bought a new washing machine for me. I decided to use it the other day and I washed a lot of things. Everything worked well, but I found one of my husband's socks missing. I looked everywhere for it, but I couldn't find it anywhere.
The next morning, I got ready for school as usual. When the bell rang, the students came in, I greeted them and told them what we were going to do that day. When I turned around to the blackboard, the class broke out a roar. They laughed and laughed. They laughed so much, in fact, that I was afraid the headmaster would be in and to see this. I asked the class to stop, but the more I talked, the more they laughed. I decided to pay no attention to them and continued to write on the blackboard. When I did this, they roared even more. Finally, the teacher who was in the next room came in to see what all the laughter was about. When he came in, he started laughing, too!
"Good heavens," I said. "Will someone please tell me what is so funny?"
"Oh, God, "said the teacher. "You have a brown sock stuck to the back of the skirt!"
So that's how I found my husband's missing sock.
"Oh, well," I said to the class, "Let's just say you have had an unforgettable lesson on static electricity (静电学). "From the passage we know that the writer cannot be __________.
| A．a physics teacher |
| B．a good wife |
| C．a cleaner |
| D．a clever woman |
What happened when the writer turned around to write on the blackboard?
| A．The class didn't pay attention to what the teacher said. |
| B．The class began to laugh loudly. |
| C．Another boy made faces in the classroom. |
| D．Another teacher came in. |
The reason why the writer couldn't find one of her husband's socks was that __________.
| A．it was torn to pieces while being washed |
| B．her husband himself had taken it away |
| C．she had left it in the washing machine |
| D．it was stuck to the back of her own skirt |
How did the writer react (反应) when she got to know why her students laughed?
| A．She gave an explanation for the matter in a clever way. |
| B．She wanted to punish those students who laughed at her. |
| C．She tried to persuade the class to study physics well. |
| D．She regretted not having taught her students physics well. |
When I was in junior high school, I was really a bad boy. My history teacher—Mr. Oven criticized me a lot because I was naughty in his class. By the end of the first semester, I'd had enough of his words and had decided that I would get my revenge on him.
The opportunity arose one morning when Mr. Oven was called to the office for a certain reason. While Mr. Oven left, my company Billy and I grabbed Mr. Oven's lunch bag from under his desk. I opened his sandwich and placed a bug in between the two slices of bread. We put it back and closed it. To keep it in memory, Billy took photos of the whole process. We laughed for weeks over this.
Well, it all went south during Thanksgiving break. Billy's mother found the pictures in his room, and demanded that he should tell her where these pictures were from. Billy told his mother the whole story, and Mr. Oven was informed. Not only was I punished from school for two weeks, but also I was kicked off the football and basketball team. Before I could return to school, I had to turn in a 1000-word essay on what I did and why I did that. I really felt embarrassed every time I saw Mr. Oven in the hallway for the rest of the school year. I felt a little regret that Mr. Oven left our school the next year.Mr. Oven criticized me a lot because __________.
| A．I disobeyed his rules in class |
| B．I didn't go to his class |
| C．I didn't answer his questions |
| D．I was naughty in my homework |
How can you imagine Mr. Oven when he had his lunch?
| A．He would be glad to eat his delicious sandwich with the bug. |
| B．He would eat it as usual when he had his sandwich. |
| C．He would cry because he was afraid of the bug in his sandwich. |
| D．He would be very angry when he found the bug in his sandwich. |
The underlined sentence "Well, it all went south during Thanksgiving break. " in Paragraph 3 probably means " __________ ".
| A．It was until Thanksgiving break that the secret was let out. |
| B．All the students left on Thanksgiving break. |
| C．All __________ the students went south on Thanksgiving break. |
| D．Billy and I went south during Thanksgiving break. |
Which one was NOT true according to the article?
| A．He had to be punished to leave school for two weeks. |
| B．He was kicked off the football and basketball team. |
| C．He had to eat the sandwich he had made for Mr. Oven. |
| D．He had to write a 1000-word essay to acknowledge his mistake. |