Let’s do some sleep math．You lost two hours of sleep every night last week because of a big project due on Friday．On Saturday and Sunday，you slept in，getting four extra hours．On Monday morningi, you were feeling so bright-eyed that you only had one cup of coffee,instead of your usual two．But don’t be cheated by your energy．You’re still carrying around a heavy load of sleepiness, or what experts call“sleep debt”——in this case something like six hours，almost a full nights’ sleep．
Sleep debt is the difference between the amount of sleep you should be getting and the amount you actually get．It’s a deficit(缺乏)that grows every time we skim some extra minutes off our nightly sleep．“People accumulate sleep debt gradually without being noticed，”says William C．Dement，founder of the Stanford University Sleep Clinic．Studies show that such short—term sleep deprivation leads to a foggy brain，worsened vision，and trouble remembering. Long-term effects include obesity，insulin(胰岛素)resistance, and heart disease.A survey by the National Sleep Foundation reports that we’re losing one hour of sleep each night一一more than two full weeks of sleep every year.
The good news is that，like all debt, with some work，sleep debt can be repaid. Adding an extra hour or two of sleep a night is the way to catch up．For the long—term lack of sleep，take it easy for a few months to get back into a natural sleep pattern．
Go to bed when you are tired，and allow your body to wake you in the morning(no alarm clock allowed)．You may find yourself catatonic(有紧张症的)in the beginning of the recovery cycle：expect to have ten hours shut-eye per night. As the days pass, however，the amount of sleeping time will gradually decrease.
So earn back that lost sleep——and follow the dictates of your innate(固有的)sleep needs. You’ll feel better．“When you put away sleep debt,you become a superman，”says Stanford’s Dement,talking about the improved mental and physical capabilities that come with being well rested．
51．If you have short—term sleep deprivation, ____________.
A．you can think and remember things clearly
B．you can still see everything very clearly
C．you can drive your car easily
D．you may have a poor sight
52．The example of sleep math is used to show____________
A．in what case you build up a sleep debt
B．why you need six hours’ sleep every night
C．why you are full of energy even when you don’t haye enoug sleep
D．you should drink coffee to keep energetic when you don’t have enough sleep
53．The author begins Paragraph 3 with ____________.
A．an order B．a story C．a definition D．an example
54．By saying the undedined sentence in the last paragraph，Dement means ____________
A．a superman always needs a lot of sleep
B．you will be in a good state with enough sleep
C．you can become superman after you repay your debt
D．You will become superman if you don’t make up for sleep debt
55．What might be the most suitable title for the passage?
A．Can you catch up on lost sleep? B．How can you keep energetic?
C．Can you have a good sleep? D．What is sleep debt?
Technically the domain name system consists of three parts. First is the addressing system of Internet Protocol(IP)numbers, the 32-bit numbers that are the true addresses of computers connected to the Internet. Next is the naming system, the by-now familiar names that include .com .org .edu .etc., which are collectively known as top level domains, or TLDs. The naming system was devised to find a computer or send email. Finally, there is the routing system, which “maps” domain names to IP numbers. Computers called “root servers” contain a kind of giant directory that links specific names to specific addresses on the Internet.
There are several political headaches about domain names that have no clear solutions. Because domain names have to be unique, they are inevitably linked to trademark disputes when two or more businesses, or people, want the same name.
Domain names also raise issues of privacy. Using a search tool such as the Whonami Global Internet Name Search site, anyone can look up the name and address of whoever is registered as the owner of a domain name.
In 1998, the U.S. government handed over management of the entire domain name system to the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, or ICANN, based in Marina Del Rey. ICANN’s board of directors held one of its periodic general meetings recently in Stockholm, an event that featured an outpouring of frustration and controversy about how the group is managing its new responsibilities.If you want to send email, you must own the following except.
| A．a computer |
| B．the addressing system |
| C．a domain address |
| D．a telephone line or cable |
Which of the following is NOT true?
| A．The domain name system was once under the control of the U.S. government. |
| B．The general meeting of ICANN is held on a regular basis. |
| C．Two businesses can have the same domain names. |
| D．Search sites help people to get information about domain name owners. |
The purpose of naming system was to.
| A．link specific names to specific addresses on the Internet |
| B．find people on computers. |
| C．distinguish computers or send email |
| D．solve problems for businesses and people |
Domain names which have no clear solutions.
| A．cause people’s headache |
| B．cause difficult situations for the government |
| C．get businesses to change their trademarks |
| D．force businesses to put trademarks on their goods. |
Advertising is as old as story-telling itself. For as long as people have wanted to persuade others to buy their goods, give them their vote or lay down their lives, they have used the methods of advertising. Of course, methods have changed over the years. At first, word of mouth was the only means of communicating, but after the invention of the first printing press and the arrival of the first newspaper, the camera, the television, and the home video recorder, the persuasive methods of the advertising industry have become much more sophisticated.
Advertising appeals more to our emotions than to our minds and therefore uses persuasive techniques which, though not misleading, are certainly biased towards its products. Advertisements have some basic features.
·They are fast and short. They deliver their message in minimum time and space.
·They are concentrated. Their language and images are extremely dense.
·They appeal to consumers’ emotions rather than to their logic.
·They entertain. That entertainment may be in the form of a jazzy melody or a photograph or a clever joke, but it always draws attention to itself because advertisements have to compete against every other competitor for consumers’ attention.In the past, people used methods of advertising when they wanted others to.
| A．buy their products and lay down |
| B．vote for them and give up their lives |
| C．support them and lie down |
| D．buy their products and give them tickets |
How can advertisements attract people?
| A．By showing reasonable prices of the products. |
| B．By showing fabulous pictures of the products. |
| C．By reminding people to think before deciding to buy the products. |
| D．By persuading people in the form of music, pictures and so on. |
The writer implied in the passage that.
| A．advertisers only present good points of their products |
| B．advertisers try to cheat consumers |
| C．advertisers are not sure about their products |
| D．advertisers are competing with each other. |
“Itself” in the last sentence of the passage refers to.
| A．photograph |
| B．entertainment |
| C．joke |
| D．jazzy melody |
Students and Technology in the Classroom
I love my blackberry—it’s my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me . I also love my laptop computer ，as it holds all of my writing and thoughts .Despite this love of technology ,I know that there are times when I need to move away from these devices（设备） and truly communicate with others.
On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas .Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom ,I have a rule —no laptop ,iPads ,phones ,etc .When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy .
Most students think that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology . There’s a bit of truth to that. Some students think that I am anti-technology . There’s no truth in that at all . I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.
The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas . I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and make connections between the course the material and the class discussion .
I’ve been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create .Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge , they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom .
I’m not saying that I won’t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the change ,I’m sticking to my plan. A few hours of technology-free （没有科技）dialogue is just too sweet to give up. Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with____
| A．the course material |
| B．others’ misuse of technology |
| C．discussion topics |
| D．the author’s class regulations |
According to the author ,the use of technology in the classroom may ____
| A．keep students from doing independent thinking |
| B．encourage students to have in-depth conversations |
| C．help students to better understand complex themes |
| D．affect students’ concentration on course evaluation |
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author ____
| A．is quite stubborn |
| B．will give up teaching history |
| C．will change his teaching plan soon |
| D．values technology-free dialogues in his class |
I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves, most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of. In fact, I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives (观点) by creating worlds we could step into, take part. in. and live in.
With this unshakable belief, I, at. fourteen, decided to become a writer. Here too, reading became useful. Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world. He cannot write without loving to read, because only through reading other people's writing can one discover what works, what doesn't and, in the end, together with lots of practice, what voice he has.
Now I am in college, and have come to realize how important it is to read fiction (文学作品)．As a. law student, my reading is in fact limited to subject matter-the volume (量) of what I have to read for classes every week means there is little time to read anything else. Such reading made it all the clearer to me that I live in a very small part in this great place called life. Reading fiction reminds me that there is life beyond my own. It allows me to travel across the high seas and along the Silk Road, all from the comfort of my own armchair, to experience, though secondhand, exciting experiences that I wouldn't necessarily be able to have in my lifetime. What can be inferred about the author as a child?
| A． He never watched TV. |
| B． He read what he had to. |
| C． He found reading unbelievable. |
| D． He considered reading part of his life |
The underlined word "voice" in the second paragraph most probably means "_______".
| A． an idea |
| B． a sound quality |
| C． a way of writing |
| D． a world to write about |
What effect does reading have on the author?
| A． It helps him to realize his dream. |
| B． It opens up a wider world for him. |
| C． It makes his college life more interesting. |
| D． It increases his interest in worldwide travel. |
Which of the following can be the best title of this text?
| A． Why do I read? |
| B． How do I read? |
| C． What do I read? |
| D． When do I read? |
Young adult filmmakers all hope to show their works in international festivals like Sundance and Toronto. But what about really young filmmakers who aren’t in film school yet and aren’t, strictly speaking, eve adults?
They are at the heart of Wingspan Arts Film Festival tomorrow, in a setting any director might envy: Lincoln center. Complete with “red carpet” interviews and various awards, the festival has much in common with events for more experienced moviemakers, except for the age of the participants: about 8 to 18.
“What’s really exciting is that it’s film for kids by kids,” said Cori Gardner, managing director of Wingspan Arts, a nonprofit organization offering youth arts programs in the New York area. This year the festival will include films not only from Wingspan but also from other city organizations and one from a middle school in Arlington, Virginia. “We want to make this a national event,” Ms. Gardner added.
The nine shorts to b shown range from a Claymation biography of B.B. King to a science fiction adventure set in the year 3005. “Ａlot of the material is really mature,” Ms. Gardner said, talking about films by the New York branch of Global Action Project, a media arts and leadership-training group. “The choice is about the history of a family and Master Anti-Smoker is about the dangers of secondhand smoke.” Dream of the Invisibles describes young immigrants’ (移民) feelings of both belonging and not belonging in their adopted country.
The festival will end with an open reception at which other films will be shown. These include a music video and a full-length film whose title is Pressure. Wingspan Arts Kids Film Festival _____________.
| A．is organized by a middle school |
| B．is as famous as the Toronto Festival |
| C．shows films made by children |
| D．offers awards to film school students |
Which of the following is true of Wingspan Arts?
| A．It helps young filmmakers to make money. |
| B．It provides arts projects for young people. |
| C．It’s a media arts and leadership-training group. |
| D．It’s a national organization for young people. |
The underlined word “shorts” in Paragraph 4 refers to _________.
| A．short trousers |
| B．short kids |
| C．short films |
| D．short stories |
Movies to be shown in the festival ______________.
| A．cover different subjects |
| B．focus on kid’s life |
| C．are produced by Global Action Project |
| D．are directed by Ms. Gardner |
At the end of this film festival, there will be __________.
| A．various awards |
| B．“red carpet” interviews |
| C．an open reception |
| D．a concert at Lincoln Center |