In the past, when people had problems, they went to their families or friends to get advice.
Today it is possible to get advice from radio shows, TV programmes and telephone hot lines, too. A hot line is a telephone line that offers a direct way of getting in touch with advisers .Most hot lines are completely anonymous ,that is to say , callers do not have to say their names or telephone n
umbers. Most hot lines are usually free. Callers do not have to pay for the advice or the phone calls, even if the calls are long distance ones. At some hot lines, the advisers are volunteers. Other hot lines pay their advisers for their work. Usually the advisers are full-time people with years of education and experience, but sometimes, the advisers have only taken a short training before starting to work on the hot lines. All the advisers listen to people and help them solve their problems
56. A hot line is a telephone line_________
A that is hot B through which people get advice
C whose number no one knows D through which callers take a short training
57. the underlined word“anonymous”in the passage means_________in Chinese.
A secret B well-known C exact D wonderful
58. When people call the hot line advisers, they_________
A often give their names and telephone numbers
B generally have to pay for the long distance calls
C usually pay nothing for most of the calls and advice
D always try to get in touch with the volunteer advisers
59. The advisers working at hot lines _________
A have all been trained for a short time
B are all volunteers
C have all received years of education
D are not all paid
60 The writer of the passage seems to think that_________
A hot lines help the callers a lot
B advisers will solve all of the callers’ problems
C people had better pay for the advice
D people will not get advice from their families or friends
第三部分阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
Fifty years from now the world’s population will be declining, with no end in sight. Unless people’s values change greatly, several centuries from now there could be fewer people living in the entire world than live in the United States today. The big surprise of the past twenty years is that in not one country did fertility (生育能力) stop falling when it reached the replacement rate(出生率)—2.1 children per woman. In Italy, for example, the rate has fallen to 1.2. In Western Europe as a whole and in Japan it is down to 1.5. The evidence now indicates that within fifty years or so world population will peak at about eight billion before starting a fairly rapid decline.
Because in the past two centuries world population has increased from one billion to nearly six billion, many people still fear that it will keep “exploding” until there are too many people for the earth to support. But that is like fearing that your baby will grow to 1,000 pounds because its weight doubles three times in its first seven years. World population was growing by two percent a year in the 1960s; the rate is now down to one percent a year, and if the patterns of the past century don’t change completely, it will head into negative numbers. This view is coming to be widely accepted among population experts, even as the public continues to focus on the threat of uncontrolled population growth.
As long ago as September of 1974 Scientific American published a special issue on population that described what demographers (人口统计学家) had begun calling the “demographic transition” from traditional high rates of birth and death to the low ones of modern society. The experts believed that birth and death rates would be more or less equal in the future, as they had been in the past, keeping total population stable after a level of 10-12 billion people was reached during the transition.
56. Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The world’s population in the future will be reducing endlessly.
B. When the earth population reaches 8 billion, it will see a rapid decrease.
C. In modern society the birth and death rates will be more or less equal in the future.
D. The public now pay little attention to the threat of uncontrolled population growth.
57. What’s reason for the sharp increase of world population in the past two centuries?
A. Because people fear that the world will explode.
B. Because the world’s replacement rate keeps falling.
C. Because people’s values has greatly changed.
D. The passage doesn't mention it.
58. The expression “demographic transition” (Paragraph 3) probably means _______.
A. high death rate to the low one
B. high birth rate to the low one
C. high rates of birth and death to the low ones
D. low rates of birth and death to the high ones
59. We can learn from the passage that _______.
A. in the near future there will be a rapid decline of the world population
B. the birth and death rates of modern society will be unequal in the future
C. there would be the same population living in the world than it in the US today
D. in Western Europe the replacement rate has declined to a negative number
E
The “Monday morning feeling” could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves y
ou sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.
The risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2600 Germans showed that the average person had a 20 percent high chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.
Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 percent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.
A study of 11000 Italians proved 8 a.m. on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.
The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr Stefan Willich of the Free University. “We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol (胆固醇) but we don’t know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can’t give clear advice on how to prevent them,” he said.
Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work.
“When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal (内分泌) changes in their bodies,” Willich explained. “ All these things can have an unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot (血凝块) in the arteries (动脉) which will cause a heart attack.
“When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity,” said Willich.
72.Monday morning feeling, as this passage shows, _________.
A.is not so serious as people thought
B.is harmful to working people in developed countries
C.is the first killer in Germany and Italy
D.is created by researchers in Germany and Italy
73.To protect people from heat attacking, doctors have paid much attention to __________-.
A.people’s working time B.people’s living place
C.people’s diet and life style D.people’s nationalities
74.It can be learned from the passage that heart attack has nothing to do with __________.
A.blood pressure B.heart rate C.hormonal changes D.blood group
75.If the researchers give us some advice to avoid Monday morning feeling, what might it be?
A.Stop working on Monday B.Create a pleasant working environment
C.Get up late on Monday morning D.Do to work with a doctor
D
Work is a very important part of life in the United States. Americans spend most of their lives working. For most Americans, their work defines them. They are what they do. What happens, then, when a person can no longer work?
Most Americans stop working at the age of sixty-five or seventy and retire. Because work is such an important part of life in this culture, retirement can be very difficult. Retirees often feel that they are useless and unproductive. Of course, some people are happy to retire, but leaving one’s job, whatever it is, is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. Retirement can also bring financial problems. Many people depend on Social Security checks every month. During their working years, employees contribute a certain percentage of their salaries to the government. When people retire, they receive this money as income. These checks do not provide enough money to live on, however, because prices are increasing very rapidly. Senior citizens, those over sixty-five have to have savings in the ban or other retirement plans to make ends meet. The rate of inflation is forcing prices higher each year. Social Security checks alone can not cover these growing expenses. The government offers some assistance, but many senior citizens have to change their life styles after retirement. They have to spend carefully to be sure that they can afford to buy food, fuel and other necessities.
Of course, many senior citizens are happy with their retirement. They have time to spend with their families or to enjoy their hobbies. Some continue to work part time, others do volunteer work. Some, like those in the Retired Business Executive Association, even help old people to get started in new businesses. Many retired citizens also belong to “Golden Age” groups. These organizations plan trips and social events there are many other opportunities for retirees.
68.Which of the following could be the title of the passage?
A.“Golden Age” groups B.The American Opinion of Work
C.The Importance of Work in America D.The Problems in Retirement in America
69.Which of the following is NOT true about the retirees?
A.Some retirees feel happy as they can have more time to enjoy themselves.
B.Some retirees have to be careful with their money because of the rising prices.
C.Some retirees like to work without being paid.
D.Some retirees find work in new businesses.
70.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
A.the Americans show their value through their work
B.the American government pays little attention to the life of the retirees
C.the retirees’ former employers offer some assistance to the retirees
D.the Americans can not find much time to travel before their retirement
71.What does the paragraph following the passage most likely discuss?
A.An explanation of why the retirees feel lost.
B.The difficult situation the retirees have.
C.A different opinion of the physical and emotional needs of the retirees.
D.A description of other activities the retirees can have.
C
Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands, respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.
Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop?How do they (and how can you) get others to follow?
Always give credit. Many leaders note that the most efficient way to get a good performance from others is to treat them like heroes. Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world. It is also an act of generosity (慷慨) that’s never forgotten.
Giving credit is more effective than even the most constructive criticism (批评), which often hurts rather than helps. Kenneth Blanchard, the author of The One-Minute Manager, agrees. “Catch people doing something right!” he says. Then tell everyone about it.
Take informed risks. “The best leaders know that taking a risk is not a thoughtless exercise,” says management adviser Marilyn Machlowitz. “Sky divers don’t go up in an airplane without checking the parachutes (降落伞) beforehand.”
Because the idea of risk also carries with it the possibility of failure, many of us usually wait for others to take charge. But if you want to be a leader, you must learn to fail and not die a thousand deaths. Pick yourself up and start all over again.
Encourage enthusiasm (热情). “When people understand the important of work, they lend their mental strengths,” says Lee Ducat. But when they get excited about the work, all their energy gets poured into the job. That’s a great force! Is this the best way to create excitement? Be enthusiastic yourself. You will be followed by everyone.
64.The underlined word “cultivated” (in paragraph1) roughly means ________.
A.encouraged B.compared C.examined D.developed
65.The part “always give credit” tells us that a leader should _______.
A.give helpful criticism B.regard others as real heroes
C.praise people for their good performances D.praise everyone
66.To be a good leader, you should _______.
A.not be afraid of any risks B.think twice before taking risks
C.try to avoid any possible failures D.know what a thoughtless exercise is
67.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A.Leadership is of skills and techniques B.Leadership is very important
C.Not many can be leaders D.How to be a leader
B
A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin cancer, actually increases the risk.
Research from the University of Iowa based their findings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the association between sunscreen use and melanoma (黑素瘤). They said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.
Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (发生率) faster than any other cancer in the United States.
But questions have been raised about sunscreen and whether it may have the opposite effect by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.
The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin cancer---are more likely to use sunscreen. As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.
The studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study.
60.The underlined word “flaws” in the 2nd paragraph most probably means _________.
A.evidences B.facts C.faults D.failures
61.People with fair skin and freckles ________.
A.seldom use sunscreen B.are more in danger of skin cancer
C.can be free from the harm of the sun D.often expose themselves to the sun
62.We can learn from the passage that _________.
A.sunscreen users get skin cancer more often
B.the volunteers have proved the effect of the sunscreen
C.the new study has based on the experiences of volunteers
D.the number of skin cancer patients is increasing in America
63.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A.Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer B.Sunscreen to Increase Skin Cancer
C.Skin Cancer Caused by Sunscreen D.Skin Cancer Caused by Freckles