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第二部分:阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
Green is an important color in nature. It is the color of grass and the leaves on trees. It is also the color of most growing plants.
Sometimes, the word green means young, fresh and growing. Sometimes, it describes something that is not yet ripe or finished. For example, a greenhorn is someone who has no experience, who is new to a situation. In the fifteenth century, a greenhorn was a young cow or ox whose horns(角) had not yet developed. A century or so later, a greenhorn was a soldier who had not yet had any experience in battle. By the eighteenth century, a greenhorn had the meaning it has today—a person who is new in a job.
Someone who has the ability to grow plants well is said to have a green thumb. The expression comes from the early nineteen hundreds. A person with a green thumb seems to have a magic touch that makes plants grow quickly and well. You might say that the woman next door has a green thumb if her garden continues to grow long after your plants have died.
The Green Revolution is the name given some years ago to the development of new kinds of rice and other grains. The new plants produced much larger crops. The Green Revolution was the result of hard work by agricultural scientists who had green thumbs.
Green is also the color used to describe the powerful feeling----jealousy(嫉妒). The                                         green-eyed monster is not a frightening creature from outer space. It is an expression used about four hundred years ago by British writer William Shakespeare in his play “Othello”. It describes the unpleasant feeling a person has when someone has something he wants. A young man may suffer from the green-eyed monster if his girlfriend begins going out with someone else. Or, that green-eyed monster may affect your friend if you get a pay rise and she does not
1. Greenhorn now refers to ____.
A. a person who is new in a job        B. a new solider
C. a young horse                      D. None of above
2. A person who has a green thumb is a person ____.
A. who is good at growing plants       
B. whose thumbs are in green color
C. whose garden is greener than others’      
D. who is younger than his neighbors
3. The author is actually talking about ___
A. colors       B. language        C. politics           D. agriculture 
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. In about the 16th century, a greenhorn meant an experienced soldier.
B. The Green Revolution may have some connection with green thumbs.
C. The green-eyed monster was probably created by William Shakespeare.
D. The green-eyed monster can be used to describe a person who is jealous.

科目 英语   题型 阅读理解   难度 较易
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Welcome to Holker Hall Garden

Visitor information

How to Get to Holker

By car: Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times:Windermere﹣20 minutes, Kendal﹣25 minutes, Lancaster﹣45 minutes, Manchester﹣1 hour 30 minutes.

By rail: the nearest station is Cark﹣in﹣Cartmel with trains to Carnforth. Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.

Opening times

Sunday﹣Friday(closed on Saturday)11: 00 am﹣4: 00 pm, 30th March﹣2nd November.

Admission Charges

Hall & Gardens Gardens

Adults: £12.00 £8.00

Groups: £9.00 £5.5

Special Events

Producers' Market13th April

Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.

Holker Garden Festival30th May

The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in the gardening.

National Garden Day28th August

Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.

Winter Market8th November

This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.

(1)How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?    

A.

20 minutes.

B.

25 minutes.

C.

45 minutes.

D.

90 minutes

(2)How much should a member of a tour group pay a visit to Hall &gardens?    

A.

£12.00.

B.

£9.00.

C.

£8.00.

D.

£5.50.

(3)Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?    

A.

Producers' Market.

B.

Holker Garden Festival.

C.

National Garden Day.

D.

Winter Market.

As cultural symbols go,the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago,with the first rolling off the assembly line (装配线)on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.

Modern America was born on the road,behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture:the roadside diner,the billboard,the motel,even the hamburger.For most of the last century,the car represented what it meant to be American﹣going forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel,the road movie,these are the most typical American ideas,born of abundant petrol,cheap cars and a never﹣ending interstate highway system,the largest public works project in history.

In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with "a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage." Since then,this society has moved onward,never looking back,as the car transformed America from a farm﹣based society into an industrial power.

The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.

The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption,climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L.Friedman.He fears the worst,but hopes for the best.

Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength. "The ability to design,build and export green technologies for producing clean water,clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century."

(1)Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?    

A.

To explain Americans' love for travelling by car.

B.

To show the influence of cars on American culture.

C.

To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.

D.

To praise the effectiveness of America's road system.

(2)What has the use of cars in America led to?    

A.

Decline of economy.

B.

Environmental problems.

C.

A shortage of oil supply.

D.

A farm﹣based society.

(3)What is Friedman's attitude towards America's future?    

A.

Ambiguous.

B.

Doubtful.

C.

Hopeful.

D.

Tolerant.

Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter,including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.

Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic﹣bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.

Among the bag makers' arguments: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.

The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic﹣bag use it cancels out. However, longer﹣lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.

Environmentalists don't dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.

(1)What has Steven Stein been hired to do?    

A.

Help increase grocery sales.

B.

Recycle the waste material.

C.

Stop things falling off trucks.

D.

Argue for the use of plastic bags.

(2)What does the word "headwinds" in paragraph 2 refer to?    

A.

Bans on plastic bags.

B.

Effects of city development.

C.

Headaches caused by garbage.

D.

Plastic bags hung in trees.

(3)What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic﹣bag makers?    

A.

They are quite expensive.

B.

Replacing them can be difficult.

C.

They are less strong than plastic bags.

D.

Producing them requires more energy.

(4)What is the best title for the text?    

A.

Plastic, Paper or Neither

B.

Industry, Pollution and Environment

C.

Recycle or Throw Away

D.

Garbage Collection and Waste Control

In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century﹣most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719﹣ but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam﹣powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字)rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like "By a lady." Novels, for the most part,were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.

In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters﹣from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim﹣were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂)of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.

How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half﹣dozen of them. It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible﹣and important for our own culture﹣to understand how he made himself a lasting one.

(1)Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?    

A.

They were difficult to understand.

B.

They were popular among the rich.

C.

They were seen as nearly worthless.

D.

They were written mostly by women.

(2)Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress    

A.

his reputation in France

B.

his interest in modern art

C.

his success in publication

D.

his importance in literature

(3)What is the author's purpose in writing the text?    

A.

To remember a great writer.

B.

To introduce an English novel.

C.

To encourage studies on culture.

D.

To promote values of the Victorian age.

Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self﹣worth, a major study warned.

It found many youngsters(少年)now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through "like". Some change their behavior in real life to improve their image on the web.

The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children's Commissioner (专员)Anne Longfield. She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks,with some youngsters starting secondary school ill﹣equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.

Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo﹣opportunities and then messaging friends﹣and friends of friends﹣to demand "likes" for their online posts.

The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.

Children aged 8 to 10 were "starting to feel happy" when others liked their posts. However,those in the 10 to 12 age group were "concerned with how many people like their posts", suggesting a "need" for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.

Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up "worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media".

She said: "Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school."

As their world expanded. she said,children compared themselves to others online in a way that was "hugely damaging in terms of their self﹣identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves".

Miss Longfield added: "Then there is this push to connect﹣if you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show that you don't care about those people you are following,all of those come together in a huge way at once."

"For children it is very, very difficult to cope with emotionally." The Children's Commissioner for England's study﹣Life in Likes﹣found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.

However, the research﹣involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12﹣suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.

By the time they started secondary school﹣at age 11﹣children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.

However, they still did not know how to cope with mean﹣spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities(名人)or more brilliant friends online. The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day﹣especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.

The Children's Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield(雷区)they faced online. And she said social media companies must also "take more responsibility". They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.

Javed Khan, of children's charity Bamardo's, said: "It's vital that new compulsory age﹣appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.

"It's also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using."

(1)Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?    

A.

They were not provided with adequate equipment.

B.

They were not well prepared for emotional risks.

C.

They were required to give quick responses.

D.

They were prevented from using mobile phones.

(2)Some social app companies were to blame because    

A.

they didn't adequately check their users' registration

B.

they organized photo trips to attract more youngsters

C.

they encouraged youngsters to post more photos

D.

they didn't stop youngsters from staying up late

(3)Children's comparing themselves to others online may lead to    

A.

less friendliness to each other

B.

lower self﹣identity and confidence

C.

an increase in online cheating

D.

a stronger desire to stay online

(4)According to Life in Likes, as children grew, they became more anxious to    

A.

circulate their posts quickly

B.

know the qualities of their posts

C.

use mobile phones for play

D.

get more public approval

(5)What should parents do to solve the problem?    

A.

Communicate more with secondary schools.

B.

Urge media companies to create safer apps.

C.

Keep track of children's use of social media.

D.

Forbid their children from visiting the web.

(6)What does the passage mainly talk about?    

A.

The influence of social media on children.

B.

The importance of social media to children.

C.

The problem in building a healthy relationship.

D.

The measure to reduce risks from social media.

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