第三部分：阅读理解（第一节20小题，第二节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分）
第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
When we think about giving help to developing countries, we often think about giving money so that these countries can build schools and hospitals, buy food and medicine, or find clean water supplies．These seem to be the most important basic needs of the people we are trying to help．However, it's far from enough．Ladies and gentlemen, we've got to come up with some better ideas to help them．
I was very surprised, then, when I read about a plan to make cheap laptop computers for children in developing countries．A man called Nicholas Negroponte invented a cheap laptop computer, which can run without electricity．He decided to invent this computer after he visited a school in Cambodia．
The laptop which Mr．Negroponte has designed is a little different from the normal laptop computers you can buy in the shops．One difference is that it is covered in rubber so that it is very strong and won't be damaged easily．As an electricity supply can be a problem in developing countries, the computer also has a special handle so that children can wind the computer up to give it extra power when needed．
These special laptop computers will cost less than 100 US dollars and Mr．Negroponte wants to build as many as 15 million machines in the first year of production．The idea is that these computers will help the children's education as they will be able to access the Internet．These computers might not help the people in developing countries immediately, but by improving children's education they should help people to find their own solutions to their problems in the long term．
Another idea to help children in developing countries is to recycle old mobile phones so that they can be used again．In the UK, and, probably in many other countries too, millions of mobile phones are thrown away every year．The waste created by throwing away these old phones is very bad for the environment, so it seems to be an excellent idea to recycle them．In this way we will be able to achieve two important goals at the same time．We will reduce the waste we produce and help others．In other words, we will be able to 'kill two birds with one stone', and that is always a good thing．
1．It's an excellent idea to recycle old mobile phones because _______．
A．it reduces waste and can help others
B．it prevents waste and can earn lots of money
C．it can send the waste produced by developed countries to other countries
D．it is good for the environment and very educative for phone users
2．The author gives the example of Mr．Negroponte's cheap computers _______．
A．to show what high tech can bring us．
B．to illustrate the kindness of people in the developed countries
C．to show how to find business opportunities in developing countries
D．to give an example of how to help developing countries
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE about Mr．Negroponte's cheap computers?
A．His computers don’t need any power to function well．
B．His computers are covered with rubber so that they are very cheap．
C．His computers will help children in developing countries to have better education．
D．His computers will help people in developing countries to find all the solutions．
4．Where does this passage probably come from?
A．A magazine B．A newspaper C．A lecture D．An advertisement
At least 3 people are dead in the Philippines now that Typhoon Hagupit has landed．
The typhoon，which hit the eastern Philippines over the weekend，has blown down trees and sent more than 650-thousand people into shelters before weakening．
“There were very strong winds last night．The roof was beginning to move，and rain was getting inside the room，”said a villager．
The storm hit with gusts(强凤)of over 100- miles per hour．
And while the storm has slowed considerably，from the Super Typhoon level it had last week，Hagupit still remains strong enough to create more damage．
Christopher Perez is a local weather forecaster．
“we are continuing to expect bad weather and rough ocean waves．Threats of possible flash floods and landslides(泥石流)as well as possible storm waves occurring in coastal areas．”
Hagupit is expected to roll into the South China Sea tomorrow．
It’s currently going a westward toward the southern tip of Vietnam，meaning it's unlikely to affect China．
Hagupit’s strength in the Philippines is much less severe than Typhoon Haiyan，which rolled through the country last year．
Haiyan’s tsunami-like storm waves and killer winds left thousands of people dead and leveled entire villages．
The central Philippines is still trying to recover from last year’s massive storm．
It can be inferred from the passage that the Typhoon Hagupit is_______．
| A．getting stronger |
| B．weakening |
| C．going to affect China soon |
| D．more destructive than Haiyan |
The under lined part “leveled entire villages”probably means______.
| A．destroyed all the buildings in the villages |
| B．were of the same sea level as the villages |
| C．killed all the villagers in the villages |
| D．blown down all the trees in the villages |
Which of the following suffered most when Haiyan rolled over?
| A．The eastern Philippines． |
| B．The southern tip of Vietnam． |
| C．The South China Sea． |
| D．The central Philippines． |
What do we know about Haiyan from the news?
| A．It caused less severe damage than Hagupit． |
| B．It also rolled over Vietnam and China． |
| C．It brought about a lot of deaths． |
| D．It damaged the roofs of all the houses． |
The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place
Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically（身体上）.
Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale（秤）instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.
On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using them.From Paragraph 1, we learn that ________.
| A．diet products fail to bring out people’s potential |
| B．people are fed up with diet products |
| C．people have difficulty in choosing diet products |
| D．diet products are misleading people |
One psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to _____.
| A．hesitate before they enjoy diet foods |
| B．pay attention to their own eating habits |
| C．watch their weight rather than their diet |
| D．try out a variety of diet foods |
In Paragraph 3, “gain comes without pain” probably means ______.
| A．losing weight is effortless |
| B．diet products bring no pain |
| C．it costs a lot to lose weight |
| D．diet products are free from calories |
Diet products indirectly harm people physically because such products ______.
| A．lack basic nutrients | B．are over-consumed |
| C．are short of chemicals | D．provide too much energy |
I wished I had known earlier the fact that I was a low achiever because there was a reason beyond my control. Then I needn’t have worked so hard in my late twenties and early thirties. But I just didn’t know that. I was writing and writing. I was working for no other reason than to hear people praise me.
Most people who go through university read at least twice as fast as I do. I can never tell my left from my right. I avoid dialing a telephone if I can help it, because I sometimes have to try three times before getting the number right. I hear that recording “The number you have reached is not in service” more than any man on earth.
Despite my weaknesses I view my dyslexia(difficulty in reading) as a gift, not a curse(诅咒). Many dyslexics are good at right brain, namely abstract thought, and that is what my king of creative writing is. I’m starting with nothing and coming up with something that didn’t exist before. That’s my strong point. I owe my career to Ralph, Salisbury, my writing instructor at the University of Oregon, who looked past my misspellings and gave me encouragement and hope. I just carried on and never looked back. I’m also very “visual”. This means nothing in school, but when I write books or scripts, I’m seeing everything in my imagination. I write quickly. I go like the wind and can get up to 15 pages a day. Writing is not the problem. I have no problem downloading; it is inputting where things get messed up.
The real fear I have for dyslexics is not that they have to struggle with messy input, but that they will quit on themselves before they finish school. Parents have to create victories whenever they can, whether it is music, sports or the arts. You want your dyslexic child to be able to say, “Yeah, reading is hard. But I have these other things I can do.”According to the passage we know that________.
| A．The author had known he was a low achiever since he was a little child |
| B．The author didn’t work very hard on writing in his late twenties |
| C．The author owed his dyslexia to his laziness in the childhood |
| D．The author worked hard for people’s praise |
From Paragraph 3 we can know that ______
| A．The author was grateful to his writing instructor |
| B．The author often complained about his dyslexia |
| C．The author had trouble with both inputting and outputting. |
| D．Having problem in inputting, the author wrote slowly. |
Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the main idea of the passage?
| A．He who laughs last laughs best. |
| B．Where there is a will, there is a way. |
| C．Reading enriches the mind. |
| D．When God closes a door, somewhere he opens a window. |
What kind of man is the writer?
| A．Open-minded and optimistic |
| B．diligent and generous |
| C．clever but selfish |
| D．kind but useless |
I was a freshman in college when I met the Whites. They were completely different from my own family, yet I felt at home with them immediately. Jane White and I became friends at school, and her family welcomed me like a long-lost cousin.
In my family, it was always important to place blame when anything bad happened.
“Who did this? ”my mother would scream about a dirty kitchen.
“This is all your fault, Katharine, ”my father would insist when the cat got out or the dishwasher broke.
From the time we were little, my sister, brothers and I told on each other. We set a place for blame at the dinner table.
But the Whites didn’t worry about who had done what. They picked up the pieces and moved on with their lives. The beauty of this was driven home to me the summer Jane died.
In July, the White sisters and I decided to take a car trip from their home in Florida to New York. The two older sisters, Sarah and Jane, were college students, and the youngest, Amy, had recently turned sixteen. Proud of having a new driver’s license（驾照），Amy was excited about practicing her driving on the trip. She showed off her license to everyone she met.
The big sisters shared the driving of Sarah’s new car during the first part of the trip, but when they reached less crowded areas, they let Amy take over. Somewhere in South Carolina, we pulled off the highway to eat. After lunch, Amy got behind the wheel. She came to a crossroads with a stop sign. Whether she was nervous or just didn’t see the sign no one would ever know, but Amy continued into the crossroads without stopping. The driver of a large truck, unable to stop in time, ran into our car.
Jane was killed immediately.
I was slightly injured. The most difficult thing that I’ve ever done was to call the Whites to tell them about the accident and that Jane had died. Painful as it was for me to lose a good friend, I knew that it was far worse for them to lose a child.
When Mr. and Mrs. White arrived at the hospital, they found their two daughters sharing a room. Sarah had a few cuts on the head; Amy’s leg was broken. They hugged（拥抱）us all and cried tears of sadness and of joy at seeing their daughters. They wiped away the girls’ tears and made a few jokes at Amy as she learned to use her crutches（拐杖）.
To both of their daughters, and especially to Amy, over and over they simply said, “We’re so glad that you’re alive. ”
I was astonished. No blame. No accusations.
Later, I asked the Whites why they never talked about the fact that Amy was driving and had run a stop sign.
Mrs. White said, “Jane’s gone, and we miss her terribly. Nothing we say or do will ever bring her back. But Amy has her whole life ahead of her. How can she lead a full and happy life if she feels we blame her for her sister’s death? ”
They were right. Amy graduated from the University of California and got married several years ago. She works as a teacher of learning-disabled students. She’s also a mother of two little girls of her own, the oldest named Jane.How did the accident occur?
| A．Amy didn’t know what to do when she saw the stop sign. |
| B．Amy didn’t slow down so their car ran into a truck. |
| C．Amy didn’t stop at a crossroads and a truck hit their car. |
| D．Amy didn’t get off the highway at a crossroads. |
The Whites did not blame Amy for Jane’s death because _____.
| A．Amy was badly injured herself and they didn’t want to add to her pain |
| B．they didn’t want to blame their children in front of others |
| C．they didn’t want Amy to feel ashamed and sorry for the rest of her life |
| D．Amy was their youngest daughter and they loved her best |
From the passage we can learn that _____.
| A．Amy has lived quite a normal life |
| B．Amy has never recovered from the shock |
| C．Amy changed her job after the accident |
| D．Amy lost her memory after the accident |
A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below 16℃.Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate.Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world.Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.
In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources(资源)：land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animals.This action affects the environment as a whole.For example，a lot of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)in the air comes from burning the rainforests.People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.
There are two main reasons for this.Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two.Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the world's wood supply.
Rainforests are often called the world's drug store.More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests.However，fewer than 1%of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value.It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world's shrinking rainforests.Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they ______.
| A．reflect more heat into the atmosphere |
| B．reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth |
| C．bring about high rainfall throughout the world |
| D．rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than 16℃ |
What does the word“this”underlined in the third paragraph refer to?
| A．Humans have begun destroying rainforests. |
| B．People have a strong desire for resources. |
| C．We will lose much more than we can gain. |
| D．Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests. |
It can be inferred from the text that ______.
| A．we can get enough resources without rainforests |
| B．we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land |
| C．the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns |
| D．there is great medicine potential in rainforests |
What might be the best title for the text?
| A．Rainforests and the Environment |
| B．How to Save Rainforests |
| C．How to Protect Nature |
| D．Rainforests and Medical Development |