第二节摘录信息（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在文后第53至第57小题的空格里填上适当的单词或短语，并将答案转写到答题卡上。
注意：每空不超过3个单词。
Some beach creatures are wonderful -- like dolphins, but others are dangerous. Here are some examples of harmful beach creatures.
Puffer Fish
Puffer Fish, found in all Japanese seas, have very interesting features. They are very easy to catch but must not be eaten because their flesh and organs contain a poison. Anyone who does eat the flesh can become sick very quickly. They may even stop breathing.
The Blue Bottle
The Blue Bottle is found in most Caribbean waters. Blue Bottles float lightly on the surface of the water but their tentacles (触须) can be as long as 10 metres. Blue Bottles are much less dangerous than some other jellyfish but they can give a swimmer a bad sting (刺) if the swimmer accidentally touches them.
Stingrays
There are many different kinds of stingrays in Mauritius waters. They usually swim and feed on the bottom of the sea. Accidents can happen if people stand on them or try to pick them up. Stingrays have a sting on their tail. These stings have poison on them. If someone is stung the wound can easily become infected.
Title : 53
| Wildlife |
Where creatures live |
56 |
What effects on men |
| Puffer Fish |
55 |
● easy to catch ● unfit to eat |
● become sick ● stop breathing |
| 54 |
most Caribbean waters |
●their tentacles being as long as 10 metres ● less dangerous |
give a sting |
| Stingrays |
Mauritius waters |
having a poisonous sting on their tail |
easily 57 by the sting |
This is the front page of the Simple English Wikipedia. Wikipedias are places where people work together to write encyclopedias(百科) in different languages. We use simple English words and grammar here. The Simple English Wikipedia is for everyone! That includes children and adults who are learning English.
There are 59,298 articles on the Simple English Wikipedia. All of the pages are free to use. They have all been published under both the Creative Commons Attribution / Share-Alike Licence 3.0 and the GNU Free Documentation Licence. You can help here! You may change these pages and make the new pages. Read the help pages and other good pages to learn how to write pages here. If you need help, you may ask questions at Simple talk.
When writing articles here:
Use easy words and shorter sentences. This lets people who know little English read them.
Write good pages. The best encyclopedia pages have useful, well written information.
Use the pages to learn and teach. These pages can help people learn English. You can also use them to make a new Wikipedia to help other people.
Simple does not mean little. Writing in Simple English means that simple words are used. It does not mean readers want simple information. Articles do not have to be short to be simple; expand articles, include a lot of information, but use basic vocabulary.
Be bold! Your article does not have to be perfect, because other editors will fix it and make it better. And most importantly, do not be afraid to start and make articles better yourself.Wikipedia is a website for people to____.
| A．show their special photos and perfect videos in different languages |
| B．have a chat with different friends who know little English |
| C．see the latest famous films and TV programs |
| D．work together to write all kinds of useful information in different languages |
From the second paragraph, we know that_____.
| A．all of the articles on the Simple English Wikipedia are not free |
| B．the number of the articles on the Simple English is less than 60,000 |
| C．You can’t make new pages. |
| D．you can never change the pages or articles on the website |
If you want to write articles for the Simple English Wikipedia, you should____.
| A．learn how to write pages in a famous university first |
| B．use advanced English grammar and professional terms |
| C．use easy words and shorter sentences to describe valuable information |
| D．write articles only for children |
According to the text, we know that Simple talk is to_____.
| A．offer different kinds of friends from all over the world |
| B．talk with the editor who can help you publish your articles |
| C．help you solve questions about writing pages here |
| D．teach you simple English |
From the text we can learn that____.
| A．these pages can be changed to teach others who are learning English |
| B．your articles have to be perfect, or they will be refused |
| C．you can write your articles simply because readers want simple information |
| D．the articles you write are mainly for adults |
“Colour” and “color”, “favourite” and “favorite”···Have you ever wondered why Americans spell those words without a “u”? Is it because they are lazy?
Of course not. In fact, the difference in spelling was created by Noah Webster (1758—1843). He is a teacher who reformed English to make American identity stronger. Linguists（语言学家） celebrated his 250th birthday on October 16. After the Revolutionary War(1775—1783), Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary, rather than rely on British versions（版本）. He dropped the British “u” in some words. And he changed “centre” into “center” for children to learn English by spelling words more like they sounded.
Webster wasn’t shy about expressing his opinions. In defining（定义） preposterous, he wrote: “A republican government in the hands of females is preposterous.”
Webster spent 28 years on the project before completing the 70,000-word dictionary in 1828 with his American-style spellings. He also added local words. His dictionary was widely used in schools. Linguists believed it helped a new nation achieve unity and cultural independence at a time when most were focused on political freedom.
“He was the shaper of our language and the shaper of American identity,” said Joshua Kendall, who is working on a biography（传记） about Webster. “He at last bonded（联合） us through our language.”According to the passage, when he worked on his dictionary, Noah Webster did all of the following EXCEPT______.
| A．dropping “u” in all the British words |
| B．changing “centre” into “center” |
| C．adding local words |
| D．expressing his opinion. |
When did Noah Webster probably begin his project of the dictionary?
| A．In 1758 | B．In 1783 | C．In 1800 | D．In 1828 |
Why did Noah Webster create these differences in his dictionary?
| A．Because he wanted to make English simple and easy. |
| B．Because he wanted American English to have it own characteristics（特征）. |
| C．Because he wanted to make American English the best in the world. |
| D．Because he wanted to show that the USA is stronger than the UK. |
Which of the following word can best describe Noah Webster’s work?
| A．Interesting | B．Boring | C．Unfinished | D．Meaningful |
Which of the following would probably be the best title for the passage?
| A．Webster |
| B．American identity |
| C．The shaper of American English |
| D．Spelling difference between American and British English. |
Sometimes children do not do what their parents tell them to do. When this happens, a parent tries to help the child to do the right thing. When this does not work, the parent usually punishes the child.
There are many things that a parent can do. One thing that people have done is to spank the child. When a parent spanks a child, they will use their hand or a hard object to strike them on their bottom. This is meant to show the child that they have done something wrong.
One parent remembers being spanked when he was a child. His parents used a wooden spoon. When he spanked his own children with his hand, he saw that he put a red mark on his child’s leg. He never did that again.
One problem with spanking is that it teaches the child to hit someone when they do not like what the other person is doing. Another problem with spanking is that the parent is usually angry and can hit the child too hard. Sometimes parents will use spanking for everything and not try other ways to get the child to do the right thing.
Many parents are not sure of what to do instead of spanking. Some people think that their religion（宗教）tells them that spanking is okay. Some think that the law lets them do it. The courts (法院) say that parents have the right to teach their children how to behave.
Other things should be tried before a parent decides to spank a child. Telling the child exactly what is wanted from them can be one thing. Giving a child more than one choice is another thing that can be tried. Getting down to the child’s level and taking a more child-friendly approach (方法) can help as well.According to the passage, when children do something wrong, one thing that parents usually do to punish them is to _______.
| A．strike them on the bottom |
| B．try to help them do the right thing |
| C．teach them what to do |
| D．take them to court |
What does the word “spank” mean?
| A．打屁股 | B．下跪 | C．罚站 | D．打手心 |
Which of the following is NOT the problem caused by spanking?
| A．It teaches the child to hit others when they offend (冒犯) him or her. |
| B．The parent may get angry and hit the child too hard. |
| C．Sometimes parents may use spanking for everything. |
| D．It makes parents try other ways to make the child do right. |
Which of the following can best describe the writer’s attitude towards spanking?
| A．favorable (赞同的) | B．indifferent (不关心) |
| C．interested | D．unfavorable |
From this passage, we can conclude (作出结论) that ________.
| A．good children always do the right thing |
| B．parents should try their best to avoid (避免) spanking their children |
| C．parents have no choice but to spank their children when they do something wrong |
| D．children can have more than one choice to avoid being spanked |
Many of us don’t like what we see around us but the last thing we do is to change it. I think that is the beginning of failure and that is why what we hate remains around us. If you don’t want to see things around you, don’t just hope it’ll change.
We have such an amazing power of creativity inside us to change the way things work around us. Only lazy people go about and say that is the way things have been working. I’ve come to discover that things around us depend on our actions and inactions. What I mean is that the circumstances that we like depend only on the things we do and the things we don’t do.
Do you want your country to change? Start by changing the small things around you. Before you think too far about any small thing to change, your habit should be the first thing to change. Change what you think about and talk about. Can you remember how difficult it was for you to break a habit that you desired to break some years back? If so, then you must accept that things aren’t just going to change by a magic thought. If it isn’t so easy to change yourself when you want to, it isn’t going to be so easy to change the people around you.
I think the best way I’ve changed people around me is that I changed myself. When you change, they’ll change. Just change yourself and see how many people will tell you later that you are the one who changes them. That’s one simple way young people can change their nations. According to the text, why do we fail to change what we don’t like? _______
| A．Because we lack the power of creativity. |
| B．Because we never plan to change them. |
| C．Because they cannot be changed. |
| D．Because we don’t have the ability. |
The author can change people around him because he has realized that .
| A．things around us decide what we do |
| B．the further you think, the better |
| C．his actions can affect things around him |
| D．he has to change the nation first |
The third paragraph aims at .
| A．telling readers one of the author’s interesting experiences |
| B．giving an example to show how to change things around us |
| C．showing readers how to change a nation |
| D．asking us to remember to change our nation |
What can we learn from the text? ________
| A．Circumstance creates a person. |
| B．It is never too late to change your habits. |
| C．A long journey begins with the first step. |
| D．Changing ourselves means changing others. |
High school graduation is indeed important for the person concerned. It is usually marked by a party where friends and family present the person with gifts as a celebration. Below are some good choices for those who will go to college.
You can buy a folding bike. It is a good choice for a high school graduate going to college who may not have room to store a traditional bike. He or she will love moving around the school. It can be easily folded and carried, which would be great for those who often trip back home on weekends. You can also buy a Walkman. It is not expensive. The person can enjoy music while walking, exercising or studying. It can help improve one’s mood.
College is an important time for a person’s career. Many high school graduates know little about the fields they will enter. So why not buy the person a book on what to expect in college life? That way the person would be fully prepared for college. Also he or she can tell something about it to his or her classmates. It is a reality that knowledge is something that cannot be taken away. Healthy food is a major issue in college. Some students have to put up with the bad-taste food in the college dining hall. A refrigerator which can keep food fresh is an excellent choice.
In short, there are so many you can choose from as high school graduation gifts. So what gift are you planning to give to the bright young person?Why is a folding bike a good gift?_______
| A．Because it is convenient and takes up little space. |
| B．Because it can help students save more time. |
| C．Because it is environmentally friendly and cheap. |
| D．Because it is much lighter than traditional bikes. |
How many great choices are mentioned in the text?________
| A．3. | B．4. | C．5. | D．6. |
Gifts for people who will go to college should be .
| A．useful | B．cheap | C．lovely | D．fashionable |
What’s the text mainly about?_________
| A．How to celebrate high school graduation. |
| B．How to make college life easy. |
| C．What a good gift means to high school graduates. |
| D．What to buy for people who will go to college. |