The literal meaning of philosophy is “love of wisdom”．But this meaning does not tell us very much．Unlike the other disciplines, philosophy cannot be defined by what you study, because it si actually unlimited．Anything can be the subject matter of philosophy: are, history, law, language, literature, mathematics, and in fact, the other academic disciplines are directly related to philosophy．For this reason you get a Doctorate（博士学位）of Philosophy （Ph．D．） in biochemistry, or computer science, or psychology．
Two broad sub-fields of philosophy are logic and the history of philosophy．Logic is the science of argument and critical thinking．It provides sound methods for distinguishing good from bad reasonign．The history of philosophy involves the study of major philosophers and periods in the development of philosophy．
Of what use is philosophy? First it is useful in educational advancement．It is necessary for understanding other disciplines．Only philosophy questions the nature of the concepts used in a discipline, and its relation to other disciplines．And through the study of philosophy, one develops sound methods of research and analysis that can be applied to any field．
There are a number of general uses of philosophy．It strengthens one’s ability to solve problems, to communicate, to organize ideas and issues, to persuade, and to take what is the most important from a large quantity of data．These general uses are of great benefit in the career field, not necessarily for obtaining one’s first job after graduation, but for preparing for positions of responsibility, management and leadership later on．It is very short-sighted after all, to take a course of studies only for the purpose of getting one’s first job．The useful skills developed through the study of philosophy have significant long-term benefits in career advancement．No other discipline systematically follows the ideals of wisdom, leadership, and capacity to resolve human conflict．
31．According to paragraph 1, philosophy can best be described as the study of ．
A．social sciences B．natural sciences
C．both social and natural sciences D．the subject matter of politics
32．What does “discipline” mean in the first paragraph?
A．subject B．science C．literature D．occupation
33．With the study of philosophy, you can ．
A．become a great leader
B．succeed in everything
C．find a good job soon after graduation
D．make progress in your career development
34．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Philosophy is an independent discipline．
B．Logic helps you to become a better thinker．
C．The study of philosophy brings you immediate benefits．
D．The meaning of philosophy is too limited to define．
35．From the passage, we can conclude ．
A．not all the subjects have to do with philosophy
B．a person will get a Ph． D．if he/she studies philosophy
C．philosophy can be helpful for the study of any other subjects
D．philosophy is the only solution to all the problems in the world
Su Hua is studying at Cambridge,UK.She has bought a bicycle and is worried about security(安全).Her friend,Kate,found this article and sent it to her.
| Introduction A lot of crime is against bicycles.About 150 000 bicycles are stolen every year and most are never found.You can prevent this happening by following a few careful steps. Basic Security Do not leave your bicycle in out-of-the-way places.Always lock your bicycle when you leave.Secure it to lampposts or trees.Take off smaller parts and take them with you,for example lights and saddles(车座). Locks Get a good lock.There are many different types in the shops.Buy one that has been tested against attack.Ask for a recommendation from a bike shop. Marking Security making your bike can act as a deterrent to a thief.It can also help the police find your bicycle.It should be clearly written and include your postcode and your house or flat number.This will provide a simple way to identify your bicycle. Registration There are a number of companies who will security mark your bicycle for you.They will then put your registration number and personal details on their computer database.Then if your bicycle is found it will be easy to contact you. Finally Keep a record of the bicycle yourself:its make,model and registration number.You can even take a photograph of it.This will prove the bicycle belongs to you. |
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Which part of the text gives you information on how to lock up your bicycle when you leave it?.
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| 2． |
The underlined phrase "act as a deterrent to a thief"means.
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| 3． |
The article advises you to keep a record of your bicycle.
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The main purpose of this article is.
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It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.At some point in every speech,every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned.Fortunately,such moments are usually not obvious(明显的) to the listeners.Why?Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say.They hear only what the speaker does say.If you lose your place for a moment,wrongly change the order of a couple of sentences,or forget to pause at a certain point,no one will be any the wiser.When such moments occur,don't worry about them.Just continue as if nothing happened.
Even if you do make an obvious mistake during a speech,that doesn't really matter.If you have ever listened to Martin Luther King's famous speech-"I Have a Dream",you may notice that he stumbles(结巴) over his words twice during the speech.Most likely,however,you don't remember.Why?Because you were fixing your attention on his message rather than on his way of speech-making.
People care a lot about making a mistake in a speech because they regard speech-making as a kind of performance rather than as an act of communication(交流).They feel the listeners are like judges in an ice-skating competition.But,in fact,the listeners are not looking for a perfect performance.They are looking for a well-thought-out speech that expresses the speaker's ideas clearly and directly.Sometimes a mistake or two can actually increase a speaker's attractiveness by making him more human.
As you work on your speech,don't worry about being perfect.Once you free your mind of this,you will find it much easier to give your speech freely.
| 1． |
The underlined part in the first paragraph means that no one will.
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| 2． |
You don't remember obvious mistakes in a speech because.
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| 3． |
It can be inferred from the passage that.
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| 4． |
What would be the best title for the passage?
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All her life,my mother wanted busy children.It was very important that her house should remain at all times clean and tidy.
You could turn your back for a moment in my mother's house,leave a half-written letter on the dining room table,a magazine open on the chair,and turn around to find that my mother had "put it back where it belonged,"as she explained.
My wife,one of her first visits to my mother's house,placed a packet of biscuits on an end table and went to the kitchen to fetch a drink.When she returned,she found the packet had been removed.Confused(疑惑的),she set down her drink and went back to the kitchen for more biscuits,only to return to find that her drink had disappeared.Up to then she had guessed that everyone in my family held onto their drinks,so as not to make water rings on the end tables.Now she knows better.
These disappearances had a confusing effect on our family.We were all inclined to(有……的倾向) forgetfulness,and it was common for one of us,upon returning from the bathroom,to find that every sign of his work in progress had disappeared suddenly."Do you remember what I was doing?"was a question frequently asked,but rarely answered.
Now my sister has developed a second-hand love of clean windows,and my brother does the cleaning in his house,perhaps to avoid having to be the one to lift his feet.I try not to think about it too much,but I have at this later time started to dust the furniture once a week.
We have all become busy persons.
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Which of the following is TRUE about my mother?
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| 2． |
My wife could not find her biscuits and drink in my mother's house because.
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| 3． |
The underlined part in the fifth paragraph suggests that my sister.
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This passage mainly tells us that.
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Most rain forests lie close to the equator(赤道),where the climate is often mild and there are long hours of sunshine.The warmth of the land heats the air above,causing it to rise and tiny drops of water to fall as rain.The rainfall can reach at least 98 inches a year.This wet,warm world with plenty of sunlight is perfect for plants to grow,so the trees grow fast with green leaves all the year round.The trees themselves also have an effect on the climate.They gather water from the soil and pass it out into the air through their leaves.The wet air then forms clouds,which hang over the treetops like smoke.These clouds protect the forest from the daytime heat and night-time cold of nearby deserts,keeping temperatures fit for plant growth.
Rain forests slightly farther away from the equator remain just as warm,but they have a dry season of three months or more when little rain falls.Tree leaves fall during this dry season and new leaves grow when the wet season or monsoon(雨季) begins.Thus these areas are known as the “monsoon forest”.
Another type of rain forest grows on tropical mountains.It is often called the “cloud forest” because clouds often hang over the trees like fog.
The rain forest is the ideal place for the growth of many different trees.Most of them depend on animals to eat their fruits and spread their seeds.When the fruits are eaten,the seeds inside them go undamaged through animals’ stomachs and are passed out in their droppings.The seeds lying on the forest floor then grow into new trees.The climate of the rain forests near the equator is _______.
| A．mild,wet and windy | B．hot,rainy and foggy |
| C．hot,wet and cloudy | D．warm,wet and sunny |
We can learn from the passage that _______.
| A．tree leaves are green all the time in the monsoon forest |
| B．there is a dry season in the cloud forest on tropical mountains |
| C．clouds help the plants in the rain forest near the deserts to grow |
| D．the formation of climate in the rain forest has little to do with the trees |
According to the passage,_______ play the most important role in the spreading of seeds.
| A．animals | B．droppings | C．fruits | D．winds |
This passage is most likely to be found in _______.
| A．a travel guide | B．a story book |
| C．a technical report | D．a geography book |
Danielle Steel,America’s sweetheart,is one of the hardest working women in the book business.Unlike other productive authors who write one book at a time,she can work on up to five.Her research alone before writing takes at least three years.Once she has fully studied her subjects,ready to dive into a book,she can spend twenty hours nonstop at her desk.
Danielle Steel comes from New York and was sent to France for her education.After graduation,she worked in the public relations and advertising industries.Later she started a job as a writer which she was best fit for.Her achievements are unbelievable:390 million copies of books in print,nearly fifty New York Times best-selling novels,and a series of “Max and Martha” picture books for children to help them deal with the real-life problems of death,new babies and new schools.Her 1998 book about the death of her son shot to the top of the New York Times best-selling list as soon as it came out.Twenty-eight of her books have been made into films.She is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for one of her books being the Times best-seller for 381 weeks straight.
Not content with a big house,a loving family,and a view of the Golden Gate Bridge,Danielle Steel considers her readers to be the most important resource(资源) and has kept in touch with them by e-mail.While she is often compared to the heroines(女主人公) of her own invention,her life is undoubtedly much quieter.But,if she does have anything in common with them,it is her strength of will and her inimitable(独特的) style.There is only one Danielle Steel.Danielle Steel is different from other writers in that _______.
| A．she can write several books at the same time |
| B．she often does some reasearch before writing a book |
| C．she is one of the most popular American women writers |
| D．she can keep writing for quite a long time without a break |
Children who have read “Max and Martha” picture books may know _______.
| A．how to deal with affairs at school |
| B．what to do if Max and Martha die |
| C．what to do when new babies are born into their families |
| D．how to solve the difficult problems in their writing classes |
One of Danielle Steel’s achievements is that _______.
| A．some TV plays were based on her books |
| B．her picture books attracted a lot of young men |
| C．one of her books became a best-seller in 1998 |
| D．she wrote the Guinness Book of World Records |
We can learn from the passage that Danielle Steel _______.
| A．lives an exciting life | B．values her readers a lot |
| C．writes about quiet women | D．is pleased with her achievements |