We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life , but most of us don’t do a very good job . This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech .
So , you have to give a speech—and you’re terrified . You get nervous , you forget what you want to say , you stumble over words , you talk too long , and you bore your audience . Later you think , “Thank goodness , it’s over . I’m just no good at public speaking . I hope I never have to do that again .”
Cheer up ! It doesn’t have to be that bad . Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making . Ask yourself the purpose of your speech . What is the occasion ? Why are you speaking ? Then , gather as many facts as you can on your subject . Spend plenty of time doing your research . Then spend plenty of time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow . Use as many examples as possible , and use pictures , charts , and graphs if they will help you make your points more clearly . Never forget your audience . Don’t talk over their heads , and don’t talk down to them . Treat your audience with respect . They will appreciate your thoughtfulness .
Just remember : be prepared . Know your subject , your audience , and the occasion . Be brief . Say what you have to say and then stop . And be yourself . Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience .
If you follow these simple steps , you’ll see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking . In fact , you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You’re not convinced yet ? Give it a try and see what happens .
1．The main idea of this article is______________ .
A．you can improve your speaking ability B．a poor speaker can never change
C．always make a short speech D．it is hard to make a speech
2．Paragraph 2 implies that______________ .
A．many people are afraid of giving a speech
B．many people are happy to give a speech
C．many people do not prepare for a speech
D．many people talk too long
3．The phrase “talk over their heads” means______________.
A．speak too loudly B．look at the ceiling
C．look down upon them D．use words and ideas that are too difficult
4．All of the following statements are true except that______________.
A．few people know how to make good speeches
B．a lecturer does not need to organize his speech
C．research is important in preparing a speech
D．there are simple steps you can take to improve your speaking ability
5．The title for this passage may be ______________.
A．Do Not Make a Long Speech B．How to Give a Good Speech
C．How to Prepare for a Speech D．Try to Enjoy a Speech
Husband and wife by Arrangement
Some Japanese still get married by parents’ arrangement. Yoshio and Hiromi Tanaka, a young Japanese couple living in the United States, told the story of their arranged marriage. “We didn’t marry for love in the western sense. We got married in the traditional Japanese way. Our parents arranged our marriage through a matchmaker（媒人）. In Japan we believe that marriage is something affecting the whole family rather than a matter concerning only the young couple. So we think it is very important to match people according to their social background, education and so on. When our parents thought it was time for us to get married, they went to a local matchmaker and asked her for some suggestions. We discuss the details and looked at the photos she sent, and then our parents asked her to arrange a marriage interview for the two of us.
A Japanese marriage interview is held in a public place, such as a hotel or a restaurant, and is attended by the boy and the girl, their parents and the matchmaker. Information about the couple and their families is exchanged over a cup of tea or a meal. Then the boy and the girl are left alone for a short time to get to know each other. When they returned home they have to tell the matchmaker whether they want to meet again or not.
Yoshio continued, “When our parents realized we were serious about each other, they started to make arrangements for our wedding. My family paid the marriage money to Hiromi’s. This is money to help pay for the wedding ceremony and for setting up the house afterwards. We also gave her family a beautiful ornament to put in the best room of their house, so everyone knew that Hiromi was going to marry.”
13．The Japanese think of the marriage of a young couple as .
A．a sign showing the love between them
B．an opportunity for their parents to show their love for their children
C．a private affair for the boy and the girl
D．an important matter having influence on the whole family
14．In arranging a marriage in Japan, the matchmaker plays all of the following roles except .
A．making arrangements for the wedding
B．providing the information the family need
C．arranging the marriage interview
D．attending the marriage interview
15．According to the passage, the best time to make arrangement for the wedding is .
A．when the young couple agree to meet again
B．when the young couple are sincere about their relation
C．when the parents think it is time for their children to get married.
D．when the parents are well-informed about each other’s family
16．According to the passage, what plays the most important role in the matching of young people in Japan? .
A．Their parents’ attitude B．Their family background
C．Their occupationD．Their love for each other
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions.』① To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.
8. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. All international managers can learn culture.
B. Business diversity is not necessary.
C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.
Ｄ. Most people do not know foreign culture well.
9. According to the author, the model of Pepsi .
Ａ. is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around
Ｂ. is different from the model of McDonald’s
Ｃ. shows the reverse of globalization
Ｄ. has converged cultural differences
10. The two schools of thought .
Ａ. both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures
Ｂ. both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries
Ｃ. admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world
Ｄ. Both Ａ and Ｂ
11. This article is supposed to be most useful for those .
A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity
B. who have connections to more than one type of culture
C. who want to travel abroad
D. who want to run business on International Scale
12. According to Fortune, successful international companies .
Ａ. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas
Ｂ. all have the quality of patience
Ｃ. will follow the overseas local cultures
Ｄ. adopt the policy of internationalization
Email has brought the art of letter writing back to life, but some experts think the resulting spread of bad English does more harm than good.
Email is a form of communication that is changing, for the worse, the way we write and use language, say some communication researchers. It is also changing the way we interact and build relationship. These are a few of recently recognized features of email, say experts, that should cause individual and organizations to rethink the way they use email.
“Email has increased the spread of careless writing habits, ”says Naomi Baron, a professor of linguistics at American University. She says the poor spelling, grammar, punctuation and sentence structure of emails reflect a growing unconcern to the way we write.
Baron argues that we should not forgive and forget the poor writing often shown in emails. “ The more we use email and its tasteless writing, the more it becomes the normal way of writing,” the professor says.
Others say that despite its poor prose(文字), email has finished what several generations of English teachers couldn’t: it has made writing fashionable again.
“Email is a critical new communication technology,” says Ian Lancashire, a University of Toronto professor of English.“It fills the gap between spoken language and the formal methods of writing that existed before email. It is the purest form of written speech.”
Lancashire says email has the mysterious ability to get people who are scared by writing to get their thoughts flowing easily onto a blank screen. He says this is because of email’s close similarity to speech.“ It’s like a circle of four or five people around a campfire,” he says.
Still, he accepts that this newfound freedom to express themselves often gets people into trouble.“Almost everyday I get emails that apologies of previous emails,” he reports.
In the US, the number of emails sent in a day exceeds(超过) the number of letters mailed in a year. But more people are recognizing the content of a typical email message is not often exact.
5.The passages mainly shows us that .
A people should stop using email to communicate
B experts hold different opinions about email
C Americans only use email to communicate
D email makes people lose interest in English
6. In Lancashire’s opinion, email is a wonderful technology because_____.
A. it can be used all over the world
B. it is the fastest way to communicate
C. we can express ourselves in a free way
D. we can save a lot of paper
7. Which of the following is NOT true about email?
A. It is changing the way of communication.
B. It is used more than letters in the US.
C. It helps us write better.
D. It causes us to write more.
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Is a loved one missing some body parts? Is everyone at your dinner table of the same species? Humans and chimps（黑猩猩）differ in only 400 genes. And should that worry us ?Is it horrible for you thinking one fifth of all our genes are owned by someone else, or a person and his family may be hunted cross-country because they happen to have certain valuable genes? We live in a time of great scientific leaps! Next challenges our sense of reality, blending fact and fiction into a breathless tale of a new world where nothing is what it seems. |
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The son of a zookeeper, 16-year-old Pi Patel is raised in Pondicherry. India. Planning a move to Canada, his family takes a ride on an enormous ship. After a shipwreck。Pi finds himself in the Pacific Ocean, trapped on a 26-foot lifeboat with a wounded zebra, a hyena（鬣狗）, a orangutan（猩猩）, and a tiger named Richard Parker It sounds like a colorful setup. But these wild animals don’t burst into song as in the Disney cartoons. All want to survive, however Pi finds himself the weakest one of all. After much infighting, Pi and Richard Parker remain the boat’s only passengers. Pi is left to survive for 227 days through waters with his large dangerous companion, using all his knowledge, wits and faith. |
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Five people you meet in heaven When a lonely and elderly man dies in an accident, he awakens in an unfamiliar place called Heaven where five people, some strangers, some loved ones, take him on a clear journey through his life. Each soul has a story to tell, a secret to reveal（揭示）, and a lesson to share. Through them Eddie learns “lessons”, finds out why certain events happened in his physical life, and understands the meaning of his own life. The book explores the unexpected mysteries of the afterlife by reminding us what really matters here on earth |
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Marley＆Me：life and love with the world’s worst dog Job and Jenny were just beginning their life together They brought home Marley, a yellow fur-ball of a dog Life would never be the same. Marley crashed through doors, and ate nearly everything he could get his mouth around. However, just as he refused any limits on his behavior, his love and loyalty were boundless, too. He shard the couple’s joy and heartbreak. He was there whenever the couple needs help Marley＆Me is so much more than the story of a lovable dog；it’s the story of a family. Toward the end of book, Grogan speaks of the life lessons-loyalty, courage, devotion, simplicity, joy-that Marley taught him. |
1. What does the underlined word “blending” in the first hook introduction mean_________.
A. ruin B. break C. combine D. attempt
2. What happened to the survivors on the life boat according to the introduction?
A. Pi managed to kill those animals and finally survived
B. They worked hand in hand to get through the sea
C. They had to fight against one another in order to survive
D. Richard Parker killed other animals but was killed by Pi.
3. Five People You Meet in Heaven tells an old man’s experience in Heaven in order to reveal___.
A. the existence of Heave B. the mystery of death
C. human’s future life D. the true meaning of life
4. Who is Grogan most probably according to the introduction?
A. The author of Marley＆Me B. A friend of John and Jenny
C. An expert taming dogs. D. The previous owner of the dog
People and the sources of air pollution are found in the same places. This means that cities with large populations have the biggest problem of dirty air. Air pollution is caused by many different things. A major source of air pollution is the gas fumes from cars. Statistics show that 93 percent of all auto trips are within cities. Another major source of dirty air is the burning of coal and oil for energy. This energy is needed to make electricity. Of course, much more electricity is used in the city than in the country.
On the average, we throw away more trash and garbage than the year before. The burning of garbage contributes to air pollution. Many major industries are also responsible for the dirty air in the around cities. The fumes from iron, steel, chemical, and petroleum production add particles to the air.
The effects of air pollution range from mild headaches to death. The levels of pollution found in heavy for traffic may cause headaches for loss of clear vision. Wherever coal and oil are used for fuel, fumes may kill trees and plants and cause metal to corrode. In some of the larger cities, these fumes endanger the live of human beings by contributing to lung diseases and causing early death.
15．The key point of the passage is that _________.
A. the cause of air pollution is people
B. the causes and the effects of air pollution are both found in cities
C. the effects of air pollution range from headaches to death
D. air pollution is caused by dirty air
16．What is the purpose of this passage?
A. to persuade people to stop polluting the air
B. to tell the causes of air pollution
C. to tell why cities are bad places to live
D. to describe why cities are bad places to live
17. Why is air pollution more grave in the city than in the country?
A. Because there larger populations in cities.
B. Because the air in the city is dirty.
C. Because there are more cars in the city.
D. Because there are much more gas fumes from cars and burning of coal and oil for energy
in the city than in the country.
18．The fumes from coal and oil may cause metal ______.
A. to turn black B. to become rusty
C. to corrode D. to twist
19. In larger cities, the fumes from coal and oil may contribute to ___________.
A. heart disease B. lung diseases
C. loss of clear vision D. serious headache