第二节简答题（共3小题；每小题1.5分，满分4.5分）
Tsunamis (海啸) are a series of huge waves created by an underground movement such as an earthquake or a volcanic eruption (火山喷发) . A tsunami can travel hundreds of miles per hour in the open ocean and hit the land with huge waves.
From the area where the tsunamis come, waves travel in all directions. Once the waves approach the coast, they will become more than 100 feet in height. The topography (地形) of the coastline and the ocean floor will influence the size of the wave. There may be more than one wave and the latter one may be larger than the one before. That is why a small tsunami at one beach can be a huge wave a few miles away.
All tsunamis are dangerous, even if they may not damage every coastline they strike. A tsunami can strike anywhere along most of the US coastline. Many harmful tsunamis have occurred along the coasts of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska and Hawaii.
A movement of the ocean floor, caused by earthquakes, most often causes tsunamis. If a tsunami occurs close to a coast, the first wave could reach the beach in a few minutes, even before a warning is given. Areas are at greater risk if they are less than 25 feet above sea level and within a mile of the coastline. Drowning is the most common cause of death during a tsunami. Tsunami waves are very harmful to buildings. Other dangers include floods, pollution of drinking water, and fires from gas lines.
An accurate prediction (预报) system will allow authorities (官方) to issue timely warnings and save lives in the event of a shore-bound tsunami. But forecasting tsunamis accurately is very difficult because the ocean is usually calm before they strike land.
65. What can cause tsunamis according to the passage? ( 回答词数不超过6个 )
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66. What harm can a tsunami bring besides killing people and damaging buildings? ( 回答词数不超过15个 )
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67. Why is it very difficult to forecast tsunami accurately ? ( 回答词数不超过9个 )
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When Jeff Sparkman draws his cartoon superheroes with colored pencils, he often has to ask other people to tell him what color his masked men turned out to be because he's color-blind. Now, a new smart phone application (app) can help him figure out what colors he's using and how the picture looks to most everyone else.
The DanKam app, available for iPhone and Android for $2.99, is an application that turns the vague colors that one percent of the population with color-blindness sees into the "true" colors as everyone else sees them. In America, an estimated 32 million color-blind Americans---95% are males---can soon have their life improved.
"DanKam takes the stream of data coming in through the phone's camera and changes the colors slightly so they fall within the range that people who are color-blind see," developer Dan Kaminsky told CNET. He came up with the idea after watching the 2009 film Star Trek with a color-blind friend.
It was then that he got to know more about colorblindness like its varying types and degrees. A vast majority, for instance, have trouble seeing red or green due to a genetic defect(遗传缺陷). Blue-yellow colorblindness, however, is rarer and develops later in life because of aging, illness or head injuries, etc. He started experimenting with one of the most common representations of points in the RGB color model. What the DanKam app attempts to do is to clean up the color space of the image or video signal so that colors can be visible to those suffering from viewing problems. “You can adjust the app to fit your needs. There is a range and not everyone who is color-blind sees things the same.” Says Kaminsky.
Sparkman, a copy editor at CNET, tried out the app and was pleased with the results. "It would be useful for dressing for a job interview," he said. But using it for his art is “the most practical application." It worked well on LED and other lights on electronic gadgets, which means Sparkman can now identify the power light on his computer display as green.According to the first two paragraphs, we can know that DanKam ___________.
| A．appeared in the movie Star Trek |
| B．can turn vague colors into real ones |
| C．is a phone used to help drawing pictures |
| D．is designed to help people with colorblindness |
How does DanKam’s app work?
| A．It puts LED and other lights on electronic gadgets. |
| B．It changes the colors so that color-blind people can see them. |
| C．It checks color-blind people’s types of degrees of colorblindness. |
| D．It shows common representations of points in the RGB color model |
It can be inferred from the passage that colorblindness __________.
| A．cannot be cured by any methods |
| B．is more commonly seen in women |
| C．is not necessarily inborn disease |
| D．makes people unable to tell any colors |
The underlined word visible in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________.
| A．portable | B．enjoyable |
| C．adjustable | D．recognizable |
Which of the following is NOT included in the things that DanKam helps Sparkman with?
| A．Choosing clothes. |
| B．Drawing his pictures. |
| C．Playing computer games |
| D．Handling electronic gadgets. |
Doha, the capital of Qatar，is a city of contrasts(对照). In a few decades it has beentransformed from a small port to an international city. Today, its skyline is shaped by rising skyscrapers, but Old Doha---though fast disappearing---can still be found.
Time seems to stand still in the old quarter of the city. On the dusty streets, Indian and Pakistani men sit cross-legged outside tea shops and restaurants. At one end of the road, men queue by the doorways of crowded supermarkets to buy necessities: boxes of teabags, milk, sugar, bread and soap. The shops are dark and poorly stocked. However, only five miles away, on the other side of the city, Doha shows a completely different image. It shines brilliantly with skyscrapers, five-star hotels and noble apartment buildings. The area looks like any other modem district in the world.
Qatar, a tiny gulf(海湾)nation, is a country of vast local and international ambitions. At home, it has owned several international universities. Abroad, it tries to speak louder on gulf affairs. These ambitions are urged by the country’s unbelievably rich reserves of fossil fuels．In December 2012, Daba was the site of Copl8 UN Climate Change Conference and in 2022，Qatar will host the World Cup.
Mohammed Salim, 55, runs a hair salon in the old part of the city where he works as a hair
dresser．When he came to Doha 22 years ago from Pakistan，he recalls，Doha was a quiet town with few modern buildings．“At that time，Doha seemed rather small．There were no big roads or malls at all.” He has noticed a drop in customers to his salon in recent years．“People now tend to go to more fashionable hair salons in shopping malls．Some day this old area will be gone, and my business will probably be gone, too．I'll be sad. I love here, but things are changing．We can’t ignore it.”What makes Doha become a city of contrasts according to the passage?
| A．The city’s old and modern districts． |
| B．The modern city and the tiny country． |
| C．The city’s past and present conditions． |
| D．The fashionable city and its poor citizens． |
What do we know about the shops in the old quarter of Doha?
| A．They don't have many goods or customers． |
| B．They provide a great variety of luxury goods． |
| C．They are bright big shops crowded with people． |
| D．They look poor and offer fewer choices of goods． |
Qatar tries to speak louder on gulf affairs because______________.
A it has international cities such as Doha
B．it is going to host the World Cup in 2022
C．it has made progress in building universities
D．it is known for its large reserves of natural gasThe author takes the hair salon as an example to show that___________.
| A．people in Doha are fashionable |
| B．the economy in Doha becomes bad |
| C．changes are happening to Old Doha |
| D．Doha used to be an undeveloped town |
Which of the following is true according to the passage?
| A．Old Doha is characterized by rising skyscrapers． |
| B．Doha seemed small in the past as is recalled by Salim． |
| C．Doha will host Copl8 UN Climate Change Conference in 2022． |
| D．The western side of Doha looks more modern than the eastern side. |
I live in north Celebes which is near Philippines. Since early December 2010 most tropical regions have been frequently hit by rain. Just like my hometown, tropical regions only have two seasons, including the dry season that usually starts from April to September and the wet or rainy season which usually happens from October to March. But, it could be indeterminate. Sometimes the rainy season can come a month earlier or later. It can be prolonged(延长) even more than 4 months and so can the dry season. Even during the dry season, rain can occur several times in certain areas.
The prolonged dry season in tropical areas usually causes a lot of losses. It will be very harmful to local farmers, because most of the tropical areas are regions of the developing countries. Sometimes agricultural and plantation crops will be damaged because of so much dry land and the fact that the river used to flow the water for rice fields are also dry. Rain is very important for plants because rain contains many nutrients that plants are in great need of.
What’s more, if the prolonged rainy season arrives and then floods usually occur in certain areas of low lands. Even for the capital city of Jakarta floods have struck several times during the prolonged rainy season. In addition to floods, the rainy season can cause many diseases. During the dry season, diseases are usually caused by mosquitoes such as dengue fever. While in the rainy season, people who have the weak immune will be more easily attacked by some diseases such as flu, fever, diarrhea, and much more.
If you live in the other places and want to travel to the tropical regions, make sure that you have known much about the season and the effect for these months in which you want to travel as tourists. Only in that way, can you at least prepare to deal with tropical weather. How long does the dry season usually last in the author’s hometown?
| A．Four months. | B．Five months. |
| C．Six months. | D．Seven months. |
The underlined word “indeterminate” in paragraph 1 can be replaced by “ _____”
| A．uncertain | B．unknown |
| C．untrue | D．unbelievable |
The second paragraph mainly tells us something about _____.
| A．the effects of the dry season. |
| B．the benefits of the rainy season. |
| C．the growth of dry land |
| D．the diseases in the dry season |
We can learn from the passage that in the wet season, _____
| A．the capital of Jakarta is flooded every year |
| B．more crops will die after being flooded for so long. |
| C．mosquitoes will spread more diseases among the crowd. |
| D．people with weak immune might be attacked by some diseases |
The main purpose of this passage is to introduce _____.
| A．some interesting facts of tropical regions |
| B．some knowledge about tropical regions to travelers |
| C．some knowledge about how to live well in different regions. |
| D．some differences between dry and wet seasons in tropical regions. |
Still seeking a destination for your weekend break? There are some places which are probably a mere walk away from your college.
King's Art Centre
A day at the Centre could mean a visit to an exhibition of the work of one of the most interesting contemporary artists on show anywhere. This weekend sees the opening of an exhibition of four local artists.
You could attend a class teaching you how to 'learn from the masters' or get more creative with paint ---- free of charge.
The Centre also runs two life drawing classes for which there is a small fee.
The Botanic Garden
The Garden has over 8,000 plant species; it holds the research and teaching collection of living plants for Cambridge University.
The multi-branched Torch Aloe here is impressive. The African plant produces red flowers above blue-green leaves, and is not one to miss.
Get to the display house to see Dionaea muscipula, a plant more commonly known as the Venus Flytrap that feeds on insects and other small animals.
The Garden is also a place for wildlife-enthusiasts. Look for grass snakes in the lake. A snake called 'Hissing Sid' is regularly seen lying in the heat of the warm sun.
Byron's Pool
Many stories surround Lord Byron's time as a student of Cambridge University. Arriving in 1805, he wrote a letter complaining that it was a place of "mess and drunkenness". However, it seems as though Byron did manage to pass the time pleasantly enough. I'm not just talking about the pet bear he kept in his roans. He spent a great deal of time walking in the village.
It is also said that on occasion Byron swam naked by moonlight in the lake, which is now known as Byron's Pool. A couple of miles past Grantchester in the south Cambridgeshire countryside, the pool is surrounded by beautiful circular paths around the fields. The cries of invisible birds make the trip a lovely experience and on the way home you can drop into the village for afternoon tea. If you don't trust me, then perhaps you’ll take it from Virginia Woolf- ----over a century after Byron, she reportedly took a trip to swim in the same pool.As mentioned in the passage, there is a small charge for_____.
| A．attending the masters' class | B．working with local artists |
| C．seeing an exhibition | D．learning life drawing |
"Torch Aloe" and "Venus Flytrap" are_____.
| A．common insects | B．wildlife-enthusiasts |
| C．rarely-seen snakes | D．impressive plants |
We can infer from the passage that Byron seemed_____.
| A．to fear pet bears | B．to be a heavy drinker |
| C．to like walking | D．to finish university in 1805 |
What is the passage mainly about?
| A．A way to become creative in art. |
| B．Some places for weekend break |
| C．The colourful life in the countryside. |
| D．Unknown stories of Cambridge University. |
As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities, others lose heart at the first sign of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "flight or fight" and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Since we can't remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it. People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.
| A．they do not know how to enjoy themselves |
| B．they do not believe that relaxation is important for health |
| C．they are travelling fast all the time |
| D．they are becoming busier with their work |
According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his _______.
| A．not fearing stress |
| B．knowing the art of relaxation |
| C．high sense of responsibility |
| D．having control over performance |
Which of the following statements is true?
| A．Stress is always harmful to people |
| B．We can find some ways to avoid stress |
| C．It is easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work. |
| D．Different people can withstand different amounts of stress |
In the last sentence of the passage, "do so " refers to ______.
| A．" expose ourselves to stress" |
| B．"find ways to deal with stress" |
| C．" remove stress from our lives" |
| D．"established links between diseases and stress" |