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The film “Avatar” has received great popularity around the world. It turned out to be a great success. The film got $1 billion in ticket sales in a very short time. The story in the film happens on an alien planet called Pandora where many strange species live. Among the planet’s inhabitants(居民,栖息动物),the one that has the most similarities with humans is the Na’vi, and it is the struggle between the Ma’vi and human invaders(入侵者) that forms the story of the film.
As to the factors(因素) leading to the film’s success, many think that the entertaining feast(盛宴) for the eyes and the wonderful story shouldn’t be forgotten, but the new language invented especially for the film which provides audiences with a new experience also plays an important part.
In order to increase the truthfulness of an alien race(外星人), the film’s director James Cameron asked an expert in languages from the University of Southern California to invent a language for the Na’vi. Professor Paul Frommer combined the languages spoken among Indians, Africans and mid-Asians and worked with James Caneron for four years to create the Na’vi language based on the original 30 words that the director had already come up with.
According to Professor Frommer, the most important characteristic of the Na’vi language is that it could be pronounced. “This is an alien language but obviously it has to be spoken by human actors and actresses,” Professor Frommer told the BBC, “it has to sound natural and it should make human beings comfortable when using it.”
The language has a vocabulary of around 1000 words but Progessor Formmer hopes to enlarge the vocabulary in possible follow-ups to the film and in video games. The professor hopes that one day his creation will be as successful as the Klingon alien language from the “Star Trek”films. “There’s a translation of Hamlet into Klingon and it has received great popularity among the audiences,” says Professor Frommer,“if anything like this happens to the Na’vi language, I’d be very happy.”
1. What do we know about“Avatar” from this passage?
A. The story in it is a moving love story.    
B. It brings the producer $1 billion in total.
C. The story in it happens on an alien planet.
D. It talks about humans and aliens’ friendship.
2. The director of “Avatar” James Cameron had a language invented for the Na’vi to     
A. make the film a whole mystery          B. make the Na’vi more believable
C. make the Na’vi different from humans    D. make the film have specific characteristics
3. Who first created the basic words of the Na’vi language?
A. Paul Frommer.        B. An Indian.    C. James Cameron     D. Hamlet.
4. The important feature of the Na’vi language is that      
A. it can be spoken by humans         B. it has just 30 original words
C. it has a vocabulary of 1000 words.    D. it is like the Klingon alien language
5. We can infer from the passage that       
A. James Cameron will produce follow-ups to “Avatar”
B. the Na’vi language is another kind of the Klingon language
C. the director believes the Na’vi language will be popular
D. Paul Frommer hopes to add new words to the Na’vi language

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There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years, and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.
London
London’s flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水闸)has protected the city from the threat of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 26 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.
There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London’s flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.
Paris
Over a six week period in July and August 2003, more than 1 1,400—mainly elderly people—died in France from dehydration(脱水)and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity(强度)are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?
One solution is to have air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes. But this is considered a short-term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions(排放).
In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower,” which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air-conditioner.
Shanghai
Shanghai is the fastest growing city on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.
An estimated 250,000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption. China relies heavily on coal—fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.
What problem should be settled now in London?

A.How to protect the city’s property
B.Where to build its flood defences
C.How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city
D.How to improve the function of the old flood defences

Which of the following measures can’t solve the heat wave disaster in Paris?

A.Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo
B.Having air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes
C.Forbidding the city to build“Flower Tower”
D.Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings

The major threats to Shanghai are

A.increasing population and coal-fired power stations
B.rising sea levels and typhoons
C.extremely high temperature and rising sea levels
D.extra demands on energy consumption and typhoons

The purpose of the passage is

A.to tell us how to protect the big cities
B.to give advice on how to defend natural disasters
C.to explain what causes flood and heat waves
D.to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities

Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A.Big Cities Facing Big Disasters
B.Big Disasters in the Future
C.The Increase of Natural Disasters
D.Solutions to Natural Disasters

Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined not to go against their father’s wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loves experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father.
“Dad will be really mad if he finds out you’ve been playing with his new computer” Jason said, “He told us not to touch it.”
“He won’t find out,” Mark said, “I’ll just have a quick look and shut it down.”
Mark had been scolded before for touching his father’s equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.
It was a strange-looking machine — one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked. “It’s an experimental model,” his father had explained, so don’t touch it under any circumstances.” But his father’s warning only served to make Mark more curious. Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch. The computer burst into life and seconds later, the screen turned into colours, shifting and changing, and then two big white words appeared in the centre of the screen: “SPACE TRANSPORTER.”
“Yes!” Mark cried excitedly, “It’s a computer game. I knew it! Dad’s only been pretending to work. He’s really been playing games instead!” A new message appeared on the screen:
“ENTER NAMES
VOYAGE 1
VOYAGE 2
Mark’s finger flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names.
“INPUT ACCEPTED.
START TRANSPORT PROGRAM.
AUTO-RETRIEVE INITIATED(自动回收程序已启动).”
The screen turn even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume.
“I think we’d better shut it off, Mark,” Jason yelled out in terror, reaching for the power switch. A beam(光束) of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow(光芒),until they themselves seemed to be glowing. Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life. And the boys were no longer there. On the screen, the letters changed:
“TRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL.
DESTINATION: MARS.
RETRIEVE DATE: 2025
Why did Mark touch the computer against his father’s warning?

A.He wanted to take a voyage.
B.He wanted to practice his skills.
C.He was so much attracted by it.
D.He was eager to do an experiment.

Where did the boy’s father most likely work?

A.In an electronic factory
B.In a computer company
C.In a scientific research center.
D.In an information processing center.

Mark thought “SPACE TRANSPORTER” on the screen was the name of ________.

A.a computer game B.a company website
C.a software producer D.an astronomy program

Why did Jason want to shut off the computer?

A.He was afraid of being scolded.
B.He didn’t like the loud noise and light.
C.He didn’t want to play games.
D.He was afraid something dangerous might happen.

What happened to the boys at the end of the story?

A.They were blown into the air.
B.They were sent to another planet.
C.They were hidden in the strong light.
D.They were carried away to another country.

Australian scientists are trying to give kangaroo-style stomachs to cattle and sheep in order to cut he greenhouse gases they send out, which are thought to be responsible for global warming.
Thanks to special bacteria in their stomachs, kangaroo flatulence(肠胃气胀)contains no methane(甲烷)and scientists want to transfer that bacteria to cattle and sheep who produce large quantities of the harmful gas.
While the usual image of greenhouse gas pollution is a billowing smokestack (烟囱) pushing out carbon dioxide, farm animals’ passing wind contribute a surprisingly high percentage of total emissions (排放物)in some countries.
“Fourteen percent of emissions from all sources in Australia are from enteric methane from cattle and sheep,” said Athol Kleve, a senior research scientist with the Queensland state government.
“And if you look at another country such as New Zealand, which has got a much higher agricultural base, they're actually up around 50 percent, ” he said.
Researchers say the bacteria also make the digestive process much more efficient and could potentially save millions of dollars in feed costs for farmers.
But it will take researchers at least three years to isolate (分离) the bacteria, before they can even start to develop a way of transferring it to cattle and sheep.
Another group of scientists, meanwhile, has suggested Australians should farm fewer cattle and sheep and just eat more kangaroos.
The idea is controversial (有争议的), but about 20 percent of health-conscious Australians are believed to eat the national symbol already.
“It's low in fat, it’s got high protein levels and it's very clean in the sense that basically it's the free-range (放养的) animal,” said Peter Amp of the University of New South Wales's institute of environmental studies.
Scientists intend to put bacteria into cattle and sheep _________.

A.so that they can make full use of special bacteria
B.to help Australian farmers to earn more money
C.so that they can protect Australian ecosystem
D.to prevent them from sending out harmful gases

Athol Kleve seems to believe that ________.

A.cattle and sheep produce more carbon dioxide
B.less cattle and sheep are raised in New Zealand
C.farm animals are responsible for greenhouse gases
D.New Zealand has the most animals in the world

What do the underlined words “the idea” in paragraph 9 refer to?

A.Australians should farm fewer cattle and sheep and just eat more kangaroos.
B.The bacteria could make the digestive process much more efficient.
C.Australians should give kangaroo - style stomachs to cattle and sheep.
D.The bacteria could save millions of dollars in feed costs for farmers.

Which of the statements is the advantage Peter Amp lists about kangaroo?

A.it is rich in protein B.it is cheaper than beef
C.it is high in fat D.it is more delicious than sheep

Last week, President Barack Obama gave a back- to-school speech to students at the Julia R. Masterman Laboratory and Demonstration School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Students in schools across the country also tuned in to watch the President's speech on TV. He stressed the importance of trying new things, working hard and believing in yourself.
While admitting that times are tough for families across the country, Obama reminded students that hard work now can mean big success later. “Nobody gets to write your destiny(命运)but you,” he said. “Your future is in your hands. Your life is what you make of it. And nothing—absolutely nothing—is beyond your reach."
Obama spoke about his own life, and lessons he learned from his mother, who had to remind him to stay focused on his studies. He told students the recipe (诀窍) for success: “Showing up to school on time. Paying attention in class. Doing your homework. Studying for exams. Staying out of trouble. ”
Obama encouraged students to embrace(欣然接受)what makes them different. “We shouldn't be embarrassed by the things that make us different,” he said. “We should be proud of them.”
He also suggested taking advantage of all of the opportunities at your school, and always being open to trying new things. “Just because you’re not the best at something today doesn't mean you can't be tomorrow,” he said. “Even if you don't think of yourself as a math person or as a science person—you can still excel in those subjects if you're willing to make the effort. And you may find out you have talents you’d never dreamed of.”
What does Obama mainly want to tell the students in Paragraph 2?

A.Some families are experiencing a hard time.
B.Different people have different destinies.
C.They can create their own future.
D.Those who don't study hard will achieve nothing.

In Paragraph 3, Obama tried to encourage the students by _______.

A.telling an interesting story
B.sharing the secret to success
C.telling his own life experience
D.referring to some famous people

Obama suggested the students should _________ .

A.not study hard for high marks
B.accept things that make them different
C.do what they are really interested in
D.not do things which are difficult for them

The underlined phrase “excel in” in the last paragraph means “_________”.

A.be careful with B.be attracted to
C.be interested in D.be good at

1. Need a room close to the US
Embassy for a week in early January
I need a room close to the US embassy for a week in early January. My parents are going to the US embassy for visa interview on January 7th. I am looking for a place for them to stay around this date. Hotels are too expensive for them since they have been retired long ago. They speak Chinese only. Rent can be made through Paypal in USD or cash in CNY, if the price is right.
Reply to: house-510574487@craigslist.org
2. House wanted May 17-24
Looking for 5 bedrooms from May 17-24. Can be one large apartment or 2 smaller ones, but they must be close to each other. Please email me at jcshap@sina.com if you have a nice place with air conditioning, high speed Internet.
3. Home swap or share
I have a beautiful 3-bedroom home with pool and spa (桑拿浴池) in Las Vegas, the USA, 10 minutes from the strip (商业街). I am willing to share or swap (交换) my house for yours (home or apartment) during the holiday. I need a place for 2 or 3 people in Shanghai from May 19-25. in exchange, you can have my house for any week either during the holiday, or any other time as long as I have a one-month advance notice to set up for you so you can have my house all to yourselves. If interested, please email me at sdiem@cox.net and I will send photos for my home.
4. Apartment or house wanted May 8-28, 2013
My daughter is working in Shanghai and my family wants to be there to stay with her for some time. We are looking for a 2-3 room apartment or house to rent from May 28 in the Pudong District. Need air conditioning.
Thanks
Reply to: wcondon7@msn.com
Which advertisement pays special attention to housing location and price?

A.Advertisement One. B.Advertisement Two.
C.Advertisement Three. D.Advertisement Four.

The four advertisements all need a place _________.

A.with access to the Internet B.for at least seven days
C.for at least three people D.with air conditioning

If your family leave Shanghai for America for a seven-day trip next month, you will probably contact __________.

A.house-510574487@craigslist.org B.jcshap@sina.com
C.sdiem@cox.net D.wcondon7@msn.com

Which advertisement is looking for a place in a way different from the other three?

A.Advertisement One. B.Advertisement Two.
C.Advertisement Three. D.Advertisement Four.

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