B
After the coming of Europeans to the Americas, Indians were forced to change their way of life.Yet the influence of native American culture is still felt throughout the United States.
Many of the foods commonly eaten in the United States today were first grown by American Indians. Among these foods are corn, wheat and sweet potatoes, peanuts, pumpkins, tomatoes, and certain beans and berries. Native Americans also discovered ways to use herbs and other plants as medicines.
Native American inventions, such as canoes, ponchos and parkas(风雪衣), hammocks (吊床) and snowshoes are still in use today. Other marks of Indian culture were left in American place names. The state of Alaska, for example, takes its name from a native American word meaning “great land”.
Today nearly 1.5 million native Americans live in the United States. Some still preserve the ways of their ancestors, speaking Indian languages and keeping alive their legends,art forms, and customs. Other native Americans keep few of the old ways, but remain proud of their people’s contributions to American history.Americans have come to appreciate the beauty of Indian crafts(工艺). Many artists find inspiration in traditional Indian designs. Many Indian values, too, have become widely held.Americans today believe that the land, air and water are precious resources (资源) that must be carefully protected. As one government official wrote recently:
We have slowly come back to some of the truths that the Indians knew from the beginning. People need to learn from nature, to keep an ear to the earth, and to refill their spirits in frequent contact with animals and wild land.
60. What does “native Americans” refer to in the passage?
A. Europeans settling in the Americas. B. People born and living in America.
C. American Indians. D. Ancestors of Americans.
61. What influences Americans most according to the passage?
A. Agriculture of native Americans. B. Ancient Indian medicines.
C. Native American inventions. D. Indian languages.
62.The underlined word “inspiration” (in Paragraph 5) means_______.
A. confidence B. creative ideas C. power D. good advice
63.Which of the following best shows the Indian values?
A. Americans should preserve the ways of Indian ancestors.
B. Native Americans are still making contributions to American history.
C. The resources offered by nature should be carefully protected.
D. Native Americans knew the truths long before Americans do today.
I went on line to check if my pay was in my bank account（账户）. To my amazement I discovered that not only had I been paid, but a company I’d never worked for had also paid me! I know I would have been beside myself (情绪失控) if my own salary was not in my account, so I tried to get the money back to the right person. Easier said than done.
The bank couldn’t help as it “wasn’t a bank problem.” The human-resource department at the company that paid me was unable to help as I didn’t have enough details. I rang the bank again. Thankfully I had a sympathetic call operator who gave me a name, so I again rang the company “Daniel” worked for.
I expected the bank would contact me to arrange to take the money from my account and repay Daniel. I heard nothing for a month and the money remained in my account when Daniel called, explaining he’d tried to get back his money but had been unsuccessful as neither the bank nor his company felt it was their error. He had rung to ask if I could speak to the bank, but after chatting for a few minutes we realized we could probably fix this problem ourselves.
We decided I would take the money from my account and he would pick it up from me. Due to my busy job I was unable to meet Daniel personally but he left me a lovely bottle of wine in exchange for what was rightfully his. I never had any intention of keeping Daniel’s pay but red tape（繁琐手续）made it difficult to do the right thing. It all came down to two people being able to do what a huge bank and a large company couldn’t do — admit a mistake has occurred and fix it.What was the attitude of the author towards the extra money in his bank account?
| A．He didn’t know what to do with it. | B．He felt lucky to get it. |
| C．He thought of keeping it for himself. | D．He wanted to return it to the right person. |
How was the problem solved in the end?
| A．The author and Daniel solved the problem themselves. |
| B．It cost Daniel a lovely bottle of wine to get back his money. |
| C．The author gave the money back to the company. |
| D．The call operator offered to solve their problem. |
From the passage we can infer that _________.
| A．the bank could solve the problem soon and easily with the red tape |
| B．some large organizations usually have troublesome official rules |
| C．Daniel didn’t know the error until he contacted the author |
| D．it was easy for a company to have a mistake which had occurred fixed |
Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job. The two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50
per cent of the job’s wages, its holidays and its other benefits.
Job sharing differs from conventional part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.
Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities.
As would be expected, most job sharers are women. A survey carried out in 1988 by Britain’s Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence.
The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?
| A．Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs. |
| B．Work sharing requires more working hours. |
| C．Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary. |
| D．Work sharing depends on the employer’s decision. |
According to Paragraph 4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional part-time work mainly because _________.
| A．they were over ideal working ages |
| B．they sought higher social status |
| C．they had difficulty finding full-time jobs |
| D．they had to take care of both work and family |
In job sharing the partners should __________.
| A．enjoy equal social status | B．have similar work experience |
| C．know each other very well | D．keep in touch with each other |
The main purpose of the passage is to ___________.
| A．discuss how to provide more jobs | B．describe job sharing in general |
| C．recommend job sharing to women | D．compare job sharing with work sharing |
“People should have one meat-free day a week if they want to make a personal and effective sacrifice that would help deal with climate change,” the world’s leading authority on global warming has told The Observer.
Dr Rajendra Pachauri, chair of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, said that people should then go on to reduce their meat consumption even further.
Pachauri, who was re-elected the panel’s chairman for a second six-year term last week, said diet change was important because of the huge greenhouse gas emissions (排放) and other environmental problems associated with raising cattle and other animals. “It was relatively easy to change eating habits compared to changing means of transport,” he said.
The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation has estimated that meat production accounts for nearly a fifth of global greenhouse gas emissions. These are produced during the production. For example, ruminants (反刍动物), particularly cows, give off a gas called methane, which is 23 times more effective as a global warming agent than CO2.
Pachauri can expect some opposite responses from the food industry to his advice, though last night he was given unexpected support by Masterchef presenter and restaurateur John Torode. “I have a little bit and enjoy it,” said Torode. “Too much for any person is bad. But there’s a bigger issue here: where the meat comes from. If we all bought British and stopped buying imported food, we’d save a huge amount of carbon emissions.”
Professor Robert Watson, the chief scientific adviser for the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, said government could help educate people about the benefits of eating less meat, but it should not regulate. “Eating less meat would help, there’s no question about that,” Watson said.
However, Chris Lamb, head of marketing for pig industry group BPEX, said the meat industry had been unfairly targeted and was working hard to find out which activities had the biggest environmental impact and reduce them. “Some ideas were contradictory,” he said. “For example, one solution to emissions from cattle and other animals was to keep them indoors, but this would damage animal welfare. Climate change is a very young science and our view is there are a lot of simple solutions being proposed.”What is directly related to global warming?
| A．Consumption of meat. | B．Growth of cattle. |
| C．Methane from ruminants. | D．Processing of meat. |
Who holds a view opposite to the others’ in the passage?
| A．Rajendra Pachauri. | B．John Torode. | C．Robert Watson. | D．Chris Lamb. |
It is implied in the passage that _____.
| A．we should try to keep away from cattle | B．ruminants should not be left outdoors |
| C．the meat industry will soon close down | D．we must do our duty to save the earth |
Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
| A．Less meat, slower global warming |
| B．More animals, more greenhouse gas |
| C．Less imported food, better our environment |
| D．Greater diet change, smaller climate change |
Magic (魔术) is believed to have begun with the Egyptians, in 1700 BC. A magician named Dedi of Dedsnefu was reported to have performed for the pharaoh (法老), or the king. H
e was also known to have ente
rtained (使娱乐) the slaves who built the pyramids. The “Cups and Balls” trick that he was particularly good at is still performed by magicians all over the world today.
The ancient Greeks and Romans were also fascinated by the idea of magic. Actually, one of their main interests was the art of deception (欺骗). This explains why at that time the priests even built magic devices into their temples. These devices made it possible for doors to open by themselves and wine t
o flow magically out of statues’ mouths. This was done mainly to make peopl
e believe that the priests had unusual power.
Magic however, was not well accepted before the 1800s. Magicians were thought to be freaks(怪物) and, were only allowed to perform in a circus. It was in the 19th century that the magician Robert Houdin came along and changed people’s views and attitudes about magic. It was because of Robert Houdin that many magicians were able to add Dr. or MD to their names. Today magicians try hard to find new ways to show their practiced skills. Magic is now entertainment for families all over the world.What is the best title for the passage?
A．Magical Trick s |
B．A Great Magician |
| C．Magic as Entertainment | D．The History of Magic |
The underlined word “fascinated” in Paragraph 2 means _______.
| A．amused | B．encouraged | C．attracted | D．moved |
In ancient Greece, what did the priests do to show people they had unusual power?
A．They performed magical  tricks to entertain people. |
| B．They made the statues in the temples drink wine as they wished. |
| C．They treated the people with wine flowing down from statues’ mouths. |
| D．They built magic devices in the temples to make doors open by themselves. |
What did people think of magic before the 1800s?
| A．Magic should be used only in temples. |
| B．Magic could only be performed in a circus. |
C．Magic was performed by freaks and doctors. |
| D．Magic was the major daily activity for the pharaohs. |
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
| A．Magic began about 3,700 years ago. |
| B．Dedi of Dedsnefu performed magic for kings only. |
| C．Robert Houdin was the first magician to perform magic. |
| D．The “Cups and Balls” trick has been performed for about 1,700 years. |
One of the most important things in the world is friendship. In order to have friends, you have to be a friend. But how can you be a good friend at school?
Listen—Listen when they are talking. Don’t say anything unless they ask you a question. Sometimes it’s not necessary for you to have anything to say; they just need someone to talk to about their feelings.
Help them
—If your friend is ever in need of something, be there to help them. You should try to put them first, but make sure you don’t do everything they want you to do. Try to take an extra pencil or pen with you to classes in case they forget one. Have a little extra money in your pocket in case they forget something they need.
Be there for them—Be there for your friends to help make them feel better in hard times. Marilyn Monroe, a famous U.S. actor, once said, “I often make mistakes. Sometimes I am out of control, but if you can’t stay with me at my worst, you are sure not to deserve to be with me at my best.” Always remember this! If you don’t want to stay with your friends when they’re in hard times, then you don’t deserve to be with th
em when they’re having a good time!
_________—Try to make plans with your friends. Go shopping, go for ice cream, have a party, go to a movie and so on. Take time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy. By planning things together, you both can have a good time. And you’ll remember these things when you’re all old! While your friend is talking to you about his or her feelings, you should______________.
| A．give him or her some advice |
| B．just listen unless asked |
| C．calm him or her down |
| D．share your feelings as well |
When we provide help for our friends, we should ___________.
| A．try to do everything for them |
| B．put them before ourselves |
| C．change their bad habits first |
| D．ignore their faults |
What can we learn from Marilyn Monroe’s words?
A．Life without a fri end is death. |
| B．A friend is easier lost than found. |
| C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. |
| D．A man is known by his friends. |
Which of the following can be put in the blank of the last paragraph?
| A．Make plans | B．Enjoy yourself |
| C．Understand your friends | D．Play with your friends |
The passage is mainly about _______.
| A．how to find a good friend | B．how to help friends in trouble |
| C．How to be a good friend | D．how to make more friends |