A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors — or of people very different from our own — can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books.
In history books, objective(客观的) information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective(主观的): it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly “political” artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May, 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso’s Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros — as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martinez — depicted these Mexican artists’ deep anger and sadness about social problems.
In the same way, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn’t read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that statues are unholy(不圣洁的).
1. More can be learned about a culture from a study of art history than general history because art history ____________.
A. shows us the religious beliefs and emotions of a people in addition to political values
B. provides us with information about the daily activities of people in the past
C. gives us an insight into the essential qualities of a time and a place
D. all of the above
2. Art is subjective(主观的) in that _________.
A. a personal and emotional view of history is presented through it
B. it can easily rouse our anger or sadness about social problems
C. it will find a ready echo in our hearts
D. both B and C
3. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Unlike Francisco Goya, Pablo Picasso and several Mexican artists expressed their political opinions in their paintings.
B. History books often reveal the compilers’ political views.
C. Religious art remained in Europe for centuries the only type of art because most people regarded the Bible as the Holy Book.
D. In the Middle East even today you can hardly find any human and animal figures on palaces or other buildings.
4. The passage mainly discusses __________.
A. the difference between general history and art history
B. the making of art history
C. what we can learn from art
D. the influence of artists on art history
5. It may be concluded from this passage that __________.
A. Islamic artists have had to create architectural decoration with images of
flowers or geometric forms
B. history teachers are more objective than artists
C. it is more difficult to study art history than general history
D. people and stories from the Bible were painted on churches and other buildings in order to popularize the Bible
James Cleveland Owens was the son of a farmer and the grandson of black slaves. His family moved to Cleveland when he was 9. There, a school teacher asked the youth his name.
“J. C.,” he replied.
She thought he had said “Jesse”, and he had a new name.
Owens ran his first race at age 13. After high school, he went to Ohio State University. He had to work part time so as to pay for his education. As a second-year student, in the Big Ten games in 1935, he set even more records than he would in the Olympic Games a year later.
A week before the Big Ten meet, Owens accidentally fell down a flight of stairs. His back hurt so much that he could not exercise all week, and he had to be helped in and out of the car that drove him to the meet. He refused to listen to the suggestions that he give up and said he would try, event by event. He did try, and the results are in the record book.
The stage was set for Owens’ victory at the Olympic Games in Berlin the next year, and his success would come to be regarded as not only athletic(体育的) but also political. Hitler did not congratulate any of the African and American winners.
“It was all right with me,” he said years later. “I didn’t go to Berlin to shake hands with him, anyway.”
Having returned from Berlin, he received no telephone call from the president of his own country, either. In fact, he was not honored by the United States until 1976, four years before his death.
Owens’ Olympic victories made little difference to him. He earned his living by looking after a school playground, and accepted money to race against cars, trucks, motorcycles, and dogs.
“Sure, it bothered(烦扰) me,” he said later. “But at least it was an honest living. I had to eat.”
In time, however, his gold medals changed his life. “They have kept me alive over the years,” he once said. “Time has stood still for me. That golden moment dies hard.”
66. Owens got his other name “Jesse” when.
A. he went to Ohio State University B. his teacher made fun of him
C. his teacher took “J. C.” for “Jesse”
D. he won gold medals in the Big Ten meet.
67. In the Big Ten meet, Owens.
A. hurt himself in the back B. succeeded in setting many records
C. tried every sports event but failed D. had to give up some events
68. We can infer from the text that Owens was treated unfairly in the US at that time because .
A. he was not of the right race(种族)
B. he was the son of a poor farmer
C. he didn’t shake hands with Hitler
D. he didn’t talk to the US president on the phone
69. When Owens says “They have kept me alive over the years,” he means that the medals.
A. have been changed for money to help him live on
B. have made him famous in the US
C. have encouraged him to overcome difficulties in life
D. have kept him busy with all kinds of jobs
70. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. Jesse Owens, a Great American Athlete
B. Golden Moment － a Life-time Struggle
C. Making a Living as a Sportsman
D. How to Be a Successful Athlete
Sometimes teens need to have some time away from their families. They may want to move out of the family for a while. Many parents will say no to this demand. But experts say it might be a good idea to let your teens live with a friend or relative.
“It was the break I need at the time,” said Richard Lerner. He is talking about the time he spent living with his grandmother when he was 15.
“It allowed me to be a different person than I was with my parents,” Lerner said. He now heads the Institute for Children, Youth and Families at Michigan State University.
Experts say teens living away from their families can test new ways of thinking and getting along with people. They may see new solutions to problems.
This is different from running away , the experts stress. Runaways are often fleeing（逃避） serious problems.
If there is conflict（冲突） at home, having a teen live elsewhere can benefit other family members. It gives everyone space to develop better relationships.
Some teens who wants some time away from family to attend a structured summer program. Others live for a while with a relative or with the family of a friend.
Joseph Kett teaches history at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. He says living at home until the late ten years has become the norm（标准、规范） only in recent times.
“In the 17th century, children were often sent to live in other people’s home when they were about 10 or 11,” he said.
Peter Sheras teaches education at the University of Virginia. He said parents should listen when a child wants to move out. They should try to find out why the child wants some time away. Often, parents can help the child find a safe place to stay during that time. In other cases, they can meet the child’s needs at home.
71．According to this passage, many parents think it for their children to live away from them.
A．right B．happy C．unsafe D．reasonable
72．When children seriously disagree with their parents, experts suggest that parents should .
A．punish them B．let them live away from their parents
C．send for a teacher D．keep them in the house
73．In this passage “structured” means .
A．built B．stuck C．organized D．drunk
74．In history, .
A．teens never left their families B．teens often left their parents
C．teens never went to school D．teens never make friends with each other
75．Nowadays living away and running away from home.
A．never happen B．often worry parents and teachers
C．are popular D．are accepted by people
When I was at university, I studied very hard. But a lot of my friends did very little work. Some did just enough to pass exams. Others didn't do quite enough. Fred Baines was one of them. He spent more time drinking in the Students' Union than working in the library.
Once, at the end of the term, we had to take an important test in chemistry. The test had a hundred questions. Beside each question, we had to write "True" or "False". While I was studying in my room the night before the test, Fred was watching television. Fred usually worried a lot the night before a test. But on that night he looked perfectly calm. Then he told me of his plan.
"It's very simple. There are a hundred questions and I have to get fifty correct to pass the test. I'll take a coin into the examination room. I haven't studied a chemistry book for months, so I'll just toss(抛) the coin. That way, I'm sure I'll get half the questions right."
The next day Fred came cheerfully into the examination room. He sat tossing a coin for half an hour as he marked down his answers. Then he left, half an hour before the rest of us.
The next day, he saw the chemistry professor in the corridor (走廊).
"Oh, good," he said. "Have you got the result of the test? What mark did I get?"
The professor looked at him and smiled.
"Ah, it's you, Baines. Just a minute."
Then he reached into his pocket and took out a coin. He threw it into the air, caught it in his hand and looked at it.
"I'm terribly sorry, Baines," he said, "you failed."
61. Fred Baines .
A. spent quite some time working in the Students' Union
B. worked hard at his lessons but he failed again and again
C. often failed his tests
D. wouldn't work hard so long as he could pass a test
62. Fred looked perfectly calm before the chemistry test because .
A. he was already well prepared for it
B. he didn't think the test was so important for him
C. someone had promised to help him out
D. he believed he had found out a way to pass the test without any difficulty
63. The students were required to finish the test within .
A. half an hour B. an hour C. three quarters D. an hour and a half
64. After the test, Baines was .
A. sure that he would pass it
B. anxious to know the result
C. sorry that he cheated during the test
D. discouraged because he'd probably fail the test
65. The professor told Baines the result of the test by tossing a coin because .
A. he hadn't marked all the papers yet
B. he couldn't remember the mark Baines got
C. he wouldn't hurt Baines' feeling by telling him the truth
D. he wanted to teach Baines a lesson
第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，共40分）
Once a rich woman asked Martin Brown, a famous singer, to her house. She wanted him to sing for her friends, but she didn't ask him to have dinner with them. She told him to eat downstairs with the servants.
The singer was surprised. But he said nothing and went downstairs. After the meal he stood up and said to the servants, "Now, my good friends, I shall sing for you."
Of course, the servants were pleased. He sang them several songs. When they asked for more, he sang more. At 9 o'clock the rich woman asked the singer to come up to the sitting room. When he came in, he saw all the friends sitting and looking at him.
"We are ready now, Mr. Brown," said the woman. "You may begin."
"Ready for what?" asked the singer.
"For your songs, of course, "she answered. "But I have sung already!" said Mr. Brown, "and I can't sing twice in one evening."
"You have sung already!" said the rich woman in surprise. "But when? And where did you sing?" "Just now, downstairs." "Really?" she cried.
"Yes, madam," said the singer. "I usually sing for the people after I have dinner with them, you know."
And with a polite "Good night", he left the rich woman's house.
56. Martin Brown was
A. a rich woman B. a famous singer
C. a servant D. the rich woman's friend
57. The rich woman asked Martin Brown to her house .
A. to meet her friends B. to have dinner with her
C. to sing for her friends D. to do some cooking
58. What did the singer do after the meal?
A. He cleaned the house.
B. He went upstairs to see his friends.
C. He went home by bus.
D. He sang for the servants.
59. How did the rich woman feel when she knew that the singer had sung for her servants?
A. She was happy. B. She was angry.
C. She was surprised. D. She was sorry.
60. From this story we know.
A. the rich woman and the singer are very good friends
B. the singer didn't sing for the rich woman's friends
C. the servants didn't like Martin Brown's songs
D. the woman's friends were very pleased to hear the songs
Ever since t
he first skyscraper(摩天大楼) was built in Chicago in 1883, more and more buildings that reach for the skies have been constructed in the large cities of the world.
For many years, the Empire State Building in New York City was the tallest building in the world. It was 1250 feet high when it was opened in 1931. Then in 1951 a TV transmission⑨ tower was added for radio and television broadcasts. This tower added 222 feet to its height.
Soon other skyscrapers were built. The World Trade Center in New York, 1350 feet high, and 
Chicago’s Sears Tower, 1450 feet high. No one can say how much higher skyscrapers will go in the future.
Early skyscrapers were built with thick heavy walls of solid brick, stone, or concrete. Now the new skyscrapers are built with a steel framework⑩ that supports the weight of the building. The solid walls are no longer needed, and the framework makes it possible to build to greater heights.
Built at first mainly for offices and shops, some skyscrapers are now becoming homes for people who want to live in the center of the city. The 100-story John Hancock Center, a Chicago skyscraper that opened in 1970, is an example. Between the first and 43rd floor, there are offices and shops. There is a swimming pool on the 44th floor. From the 45th floor to the 92nd there are apartments. The people who live in these apartments can look down on the clouds instead of up at them.
67.What happened to the Empire State Building in 1951?
A. It was no longer the tallest building in the world.
B. A tower was added to it, which increased its height.
C. It was transformed into a radio and television broadcasting station.
D. It provided homes for people who wanted to live in the city center.
68.We cannot know how much taller skyscrapers will become in the future because _______________.
A. a TV transmission tower can be added
B. solid walls of brick, stone or concrete are no longer needed
C. the steel framework makes it possible to build to greater heights
D. some skyscrapers are now becoming homes
69.Originally, skyscrapers were built as _______________.
A. business centers and offices
B. radio and television broadcasting stations
C. apartment complexes
D. apartment and shops
70.How do people benefit from living in the John Hancock Center?
A. They can enjoy looking at the clouds above the building.
B. They have all the city center facilities nearby.
C. They can use the swimming pool on the top of the building.
D. They can work at offices inside the building.