What will man be like in the future--in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make a guess, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today. For man is slowly changing all the time.
Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on the average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is a relatively short period of time, so we may suppose that man will continue to grow taller.
Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain's capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change too. The head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger.
Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time it is likely that man's eyes will grow stronger.
On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.
But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald!
Perhaps, all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.
72. The reason for believing that future man will be different is that he ______.
A. began to change five hundred years ago
B. never stops changing
C. never stops growing
D. has recently begun to change
73. People's heads will eventually grow larger. This is because their brains ______.
A. will grow faster than at present
B. will be in use
C. will play an important part
D. will need more room than at present
74. Future man will probably ______.
A. have bigger eyes
B. get weaker eyes
C. see better
D. have to wear better glasses
75. Future man's hair will ______.
A. grow darker B. stop growing completely
C. fall out more often D. get longer
Decisions, decisions! Our lives are full of them, from the small ones to the life-changing. The right to choose is central to everyone. Yet sometimes we make bad decisions that leave us unhappy or full of regret. Can science help?
Most of us know little about the mental processes that lie behind our decisions. Luckily, what psychologists(心理学家)are finding may help us all make better choices. Here are some of their amazing discoveries to help you make up your mind.
Consider your emotions. You might think that emotions are the enemy of decision making, but in fact they're a part of it. Whenever you make up your mind, your brain’s emotional center is active. University of Southern California scientist, Antonio Damasio, has studied people with damage to only the emotional parts of their brains, and found that they were unable to make basic choices about what to wear or eat. Damasio thinks this may be because our brains store emotional memories of past choices, which we use to help the present decision making.
However, making choices under the influence of an emotion can greatly affect the result. Take anger, for example. A study by Nitika Garg of the University of Mississippi and other scientists found the angry shoppers were more likely to choose the first thing they were offered rather than considering other choices. It seems anger can lead us to make quick decisions without much thinking.
All emotions affect our thinking and motivation(动机), so it may be best to avoid making important decisions under their influence. Yet strangely there’s one emotion that seems to help us make good choices. The American researchers found that sad people took time to consider the various choices on offer, and ended up making the best choices. In fact many studies show that people who feel unhappy have the most reasonable view of the world. According to the text, what may help us make better decisions?
A.To think about happy times. |
B.To make many decisions at a time. |
C.To stop feeling regretful about the past. |
D.To learn about the process of decision-making. |
Damasio’s study suggests that _________.
A.emotions are the enemy of decision making |
B.our brain has nothing to do with decision making |
C.people with physical damage find it hard to make up their minds |
D.our emotional memories of past choices can affect present decisions |
Why are angry shoppers more likely to choose the first thing they are offered?
A.They often forget their past choices. |
B.They make decisions without much thinking. |
C.They tend to save time when shopping. |
D.They are too angry to bargain. |
What do we learn from the text?
A.Emotions are a part of decision making. |
B.Sad people always make worst choices. |
C.No emotion seems to help us make good choices. |
D.Only sad feelings affect our thinking and motivation. |
You wake up in the morning, the day is beautiful and the plans for the day are what you have been looking forward to for a long time. Then the telephone rings, you say hello, and the drama starts. The person on the other end has a depressing tone in his voice as he starts to tell you how terrible his morning is and that there is nothing to look forward to. You are still in a wonderful mood? Impossible!
Communicating with negative people can wash out your happiness. It may not change what you think, but communicating long enough with them will make you feel depressed for a moment or a long time.
Life brings ups and downs, but some people are stuck in the wrong idea that life has no happiness to offer. They only feel glad when they make others feel bad. No wonder they can hardly win others’ pity or respect.
When you communicate with positive people, your spirit stays happy and therefore more positive things are attracted. When the dagger(匕首) of a negative person is put in you, you feel the heavy feeling that all in all, brings you down.
Sometimes we have no choice but to communicate with negative people. This could be a co-worker, or a relative. In this case, say what needs to be said as little as possible. Sometimes it feels good to let out your anger back to the negative person, but all this is to lower you to that same negative level and they won’t feel ashamed of themselves about that.
Negativity often affects happiness without even being realized. The negative words of another at the start of the day can cling to(附着) you throughout the rest of your day, which makes you feel bad and steals your happiness. Life is too short to feel negative. Stay positive and avoid negativity as much as possible.The purpose of the first paragraph is to __________.
A.make a comparison | B.offer an evidence |
C.introduce a topic | D.describe a daily scene |
How can negative people have effect on us?
A.By changing our ways of thinking |
B.By telling us the nature of life |
C.By influencing our emotion |
D.By comparing their attitudes to life with ours |
Some negative people base their happiness on __________.
A.other people’s respect for them |
B.other people’s pity for them |
C.building up a positive attitude |
D.making other people unhappy |
According to the passage, to reduce negative people’s influence on us, we are advised to __________.
A.show our dissatisfaction to negative people |
B.communicate with negative people as little as possible |
C.change negative people’s attitudes to life |
D.make negative people feel ashamed of themselves |
When I was eight, I saw a movie about an island that had an erupting volcano and jungles filled with wild animals. The island was ruled by a beautiful woman called Tondalaya, the Fire Goddess of the Volcano. It was a low budget movie, but to me, it represented the perfect life. But through the years, Tondalaya was forgotten.
The week I turned 50, my marriage came to a sudden end. My house, furniture and everything I’d owned was sold to pay debts that I didn’t even know existed. In a week I had lost my husband, my home and my parents who had refused to accept a divorce in the family. I’d lost everything except my four teenage children. I used every penny I had to buy five plane tickets from Missouri to Hawaii. Everyone said I was crazy to think I could just run off to an island and survive. I was afraid they were right.
I worked 18 hours a day and lost 30 pounds because I lived on one meal a day. One night as I walked alone on the beach, I saw the red orange lava(火山岩)pouring out of Kilauea Volcano in the distance. It was time to live my imagination!
The next day, I quit my job, bought some art supplies and began doing what I loved. I hadn't painted a picture in 15 years. I wondered if I could still paint. My hands trembled the first time I picked up a brush. But before an hour had passed, I was lost in the colors spreading across the canvas(画布)in front of me. And as soon as I started believing in myself, other people started believing in me, too. The first painting sold for $ 1500.
The past six years have been filled with adventures. My children and I have gone swimming with dolphins, watched whales and hiked around the crater rim(火山口边缘)of the volcano. We wake up every morning with the ocean in front of us and the volcano behind us. The dream I had more than 40 years ago is now reality. I’m living freely and happily ever after. Why did the writer go to Hawaii?
A.To free herself from trouble. |
B.To make a living. |
C.To spend her holiday. |
D.To realize her childhood dream. |
Which of the following is the writer’s dream?
A.Become a successful painter. |
B.Live in nature with animals. |
C.Get close to wildlife. |
D.Live a free and happy life. |
We can infer from the passage that __________.
A.the writer wasn’t sure whether she could survive in Hawaii at first |
B.the writer’s parents encouraged her to divorce |
C.the writer’s husband took away most of her money |
D.the writer had never done painting before |
A Book Review—The Snake-Stone by Berlie Doherty
The setting: Urban England (the cities), but also rural England (the countryside) including remote English villages.
The theme: The main theme is a teenage research of self-discovery, in this case the search for a mother from whom the hero was separated at an early age.Its other concerns are love, getting on with others, being persistent and courageous and trying to deal with doubts, troubles and worries.As the book moves to a close, James’ swimming coach says to him: “You are not like a kid obeying instructions any more.You are diving like a young man who knows where he is going.”
The characters: James is the hero of the story.He is a championship diver, and has a comfortable life with his foster parents (养父母).Yet he also has the qualities to take him on a long journey to find his birth mother.The other characters in The Snake-Stone, James’ parents, his diving instructor, best friend, the villagers, people he meets on his journey, are pictured realistically.
The turning point: The turning point in the story comes while James’ foster parents are away in London, and he wonders about the identity of his birth mother.The only clue he has is a fossil, “the snake stone” which she left behind along with a note on which she had written: “Take good care of Sammie.It was written on a torn envelope with parts of an address still there.
The journey: Instead of going to London, James decides to find his birth mother.With help from his geography teacher, James sets out for the remote country village where his mother might be found.James has painful, challenging, but also humorous and happy travels.The mother he finally meets, Anne, has a minor yet powerful voice in the novel.He comes to understand why she left him at a stranger’s door fifteen years before.Although the meeting is not long, it leaves him with a feeling of completeness.As a journey of self-discovery The Snake-Stone also provides its readers with a happy ending.Its hero says, on returning to his foster parents, “I was home.”What is the main theme of the novel?
A.A journey of self-discovery. |
B.Life in the world of diving. |
C.Life with foster parents. |
D.A travel around the country. |
What do the coach’s words in Paragraph 2 suggest?
A.James is a successful diver. |
B.James is an independent young man. |
C.James is an outgoing young man. |
D.James is a hopeful swimmer. |
The snake stone in the novel is .
A.a stone with an address on it |
B.a gift from the swimming coach |
C.a clue left by the birth mother |
D.a fossil left by the foster parents |
Which of the following is true about the novel?
A.The story has a sad ending. |
B.The story takes place in the city of London. |
C.The characters are vividly described. |
D.The turning point comes after the hero meets his birth mother. |
It can be concluded that James’ journey is _________.
A.disappointing | B.boring | C.comfortable | D.worthwhile |
The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place.Now it is an ecological disaster area.Nauru’s heartbreaking story could have one good consequence — other countries might learn from its mistakes.
For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived in the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization.The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798.He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship.He called the island Pleasant Island.
However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first.The whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol.These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island.A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.
Nauru’s real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate (磷酸盐)on the island.In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which was a very important fertilizer for farming.The company began mining the phosphate.
A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine.When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer of soil.Then it takes away the material it wants.Strip mining totally destroys the land.Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.
In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.
Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem — their phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000, Nauru was financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This will probably never happen.What might be the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A.To seek help for Nauru’s problems. |
B.To tell a heartbreaking story of a war. |
C.To show the importance of money |
D.To give a warning to other countries |
What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?
A.Rich and powerful | B.Peaceful and attractive |
C.Modern and open | D.Greedy and aggressive |
The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from _______.
A.phosphate overmining B soil pollution
C.farming activity D.whale hunting Which of the following was a cause of Nauru’s financial problem?
A.Its phosphate mining cost much money |
B.It spent too much repairing the island |
C.Its leaders misused the money |
D.It lost millions of dollars in the civil war. |
What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?
A.The ecological damage is difficult to repair. |
B.The leaders will take the experts’ words seriously. |
C.The island was abandoned by the Nauruans |
D.The phosphate mines were destroyed |