Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect. But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled----to $1.01 per pack---smokers have jammed telephone ‘quit lines’ across the country seeking to kick the habit.
This is not a surprise to public health advocates. They’ve studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase.
The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely.
In Manhattan, for instance, which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost $10.06 at one drugstore Wednesday. In Charleston, S.C., where the 7-cent-a-pack tax is the lowest in the nation, the price was $4.78.
The influence is obvious.
In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys----13.8%, far below the national average. By comparison, 26 % of high school students smoke in Kentucky, Other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen-smoking records.
Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income Americans “who choose to smoke.”
That’s true. But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place. As for today’s adults, if the new tax drives them to quit, they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better.
31. The text is mainly about___________.
A the price of cigarettes
B the rate of teen smoking
C the effect of tobacco tax increase
D the differences in tobacco tax rate
32. What does the author think is a surprise?
A Teen smokers are price sensitive.
B Some states still keep the tobacco tax low.
C Tobacco taxes improve public health.
D Tobacco industry fiercely fights the tax rise.
33. The underlined word "deter" in Paragraph 3 most probably means .
A. discourage B. remove C. benefit D. free
34. Rogers’ attitude towards the low-income smokers might be that of .
A. tolerance B. unconcern C. doubt D. sympathy
35. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. The new tax will be beneficial in the long run.
B. Low-income Americans are more likely to fall ill.
C. Future generations will be hooked on smoking.
D. Adults will depend more on their families.
If you give something to someone for free, will that person value it and use it? Development experts have debated this question for decades. Some think the act of paying causes people to value something and use it more.
Selling necessary health treatments, others argue, may deny them to the people who need them the most.
Consider, for example, chemically treated bed nets, which kill mosquitoes anti protect people against malaria(疟疾)while they are sleeping. William Easterly, an economist at New York University, believes this is one example of development having gone wrong. In a recent book, Professor Easterly suggests bed nets given free in Africa are often used for the wrong purpose. Yet, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends bed nets be given out free and used by whole communities. The success of a large free bed net campaign in Kenya led the WHO to announce this recommendation
This debate will likely influence social programs in the developing world. Many non-governmental organizations support the creation of self-supporting programs in poor countries. Goods and services are sold for a price to help these programs survive.
According to Rachel Glenerster, who runs a research lab doing development and poverty studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, her several studies have proven that small price changes have a big influence on the number of people who use a product. A price change will reduce the total amount of use of the product as well, she says. She has also found no evidence that the very act of paying for something changes how people use it.
As for a particular product among special populations, some development experts argue that pricing is useful. When it comes to bed nets, Miss Glenerster says research shows no evidence of this. People are just as likely to use a bed net whether they paid for it or not. The debate among experts focuses on.
| A．a special use of bed nets in Africa |
| B．the use of assistance-related products |
| C．the importance of social programs for the poor |
| D．a popular way to help the poor |
According to some experts, certain health treatments.
| A．can only be sold to the rich | B．should be completely free |
C．are to o expensive |
D．are not needed by the poor |
What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
| A．The WHO's advice may not be always practical. |
| B．Many Africans don't know the function of bed nets. |
| C．The case of Kenya is doubtful. |
| D．Bed nets given to Africans are poor in quality. |
What may be the possible change in the social program according to the third paragraph?
| A．Some of them may become financially independent. |
| B．Many of them will not be organized by the government. |
| C．Some of them will go to developed countries. |
| D．Most of them will be free of charge. |
Winterlake Lodge
Winterlake lodge, located at mile 194 along the historic Iditarod Trail, offers good accommodation in Alaska's remote wilderness. Join owner and cook Kirsten Dixon in the kitchen for a wine tasting or cooking class, soak(泡) in the hot tub or relax by the fire
or in the lakeside wood burning sauna(蒸气浴室).
ITINERARY(旅行计划)
Day 1: Anchorage to Winterlake
Depart from Anchorage's Lake Hood via ski plane for your one hour flight to Winterlake Lodge. We will take you to your comfortable cabin.
Days 2+: Winterlake Lodge.
Each day is free to enjoy all the activities included with your stay. Activities include dog mushing, cross country skiing, snowshoeing, snowmobiling, yoga, meditation and massage.
Lodge owner and famous cook Kirsten Dixon also offers daily cooking classes in the large kitchen.
Departure Day: After breakfast, depart on a scenic flight back to Anchorage. Tour ends on arrival.
ACTIVITI
ES
Outdoor activities include sled dog rides, guided cross country skiing and snowshoe excursions(远足), snowmobiling, and exploratory trips through Rainy Pass. If you prefer a more thorough dog sledding experience, try the 4-day sled dog school. Lodge-based activities include cooking classes, wine tasting, yoga, meditation, stretching and massage. If you are not able to participate in the culinary(烹任的) weekends, don't worry－when you visit the lodge, you will have plenty of opportunity to cook and share you culinary skill.
D
ATES OF OPERATION
December 15, 2009 to March 31, 2010: Daily departures
Lodge is NOT available from March 6, 7 or 8, 2010, due to being an Iditarod Check-Point.
PRICE PER PERSON
| 2009/2010 Winter Rates |
|
| Per Person |
|
| Regular Winter 2 day/ 2 night stays |
$ 1,500 |
| Regular Winter 3 day/ 3 night stays |
$ 2,000 |
| Regular Winter 4 day/ 4 night stays |
$ 2,500 |
| Culinary weekend stays |
$2, 317 |
** R ates are based on a 2-person minimum and on 24-hour periods. Single rates upon request. |
EXPERIENCE WINTERLAKE LODGE THIS WINTER AND SAVE $250 PER DAY AND PER NIGHT PER PERSON!What is special about Winterlake Lodge?
| A．You can share your cooking skills. | B．You will experience sled dog rides. |
| C．You will experience remote wilderness. | D．You can join in many outdoor activities. |
If you want to visit Winterlake Lodge, you'd better avoid.
| A．late March | B．late December | C．mid-January | D．early March |
If a couple wants to stay at Winterlake L
odge for 3 days and 3 nights this winter, it will probably cost them .
| A．$2,500 | B．$4,000 | C．$4,500 | D．$3,500 |
What is the main purpose of the text?
| A．To provide travel information. | B．To introduce a cooking school. |
| C．To provide guide service. | D．To introduce a sled dog s chool |
(CNN News)－In his work for a humanitarian(人道主义)agency in Afghanistan, Lex Kassenberg asks an important question when he visits schoolchildren: What will you do when you grow up?“I want to be president,”is an answer Kassenberg often hears from girls.
But for all the admiration Kassenberg has for a youngster's ambition, the 53-year-old CARE aid worker knows that in Afghanistan, the idea of a female national leader remains unlikely to be realized in the immediate future. Only recently, women had suffered a lot under the rule of the militant(激进的)Taliban.
The importance of education, especially for girls, is not ignored by the Afghan people or humanitarian agencies trying to improve their living conditions. That's why the World Bank partnered with CARE to investigate how education can succeed when there are increasing violent attacks on Afghan schools.
“Knowledge on Fire”, CARE's education report made known to the public Monday, found that community-based schools are the most sound and workable in Afghanistan.“Education-related violence is an alarming trend in Afghanistan,”said Helene Gayle, president of CARE. “But this study suggests that an approach of building support for education at the local level can reduce the risks of attacks.”
Because government school are often associated with a Kabul administration viewed by the Taliban as a pupper(傀儡政府)of the United States, they are likely to be attacked, Kassenberg said. And schools built with reconstruction dollars are associated with the military. Between January 2006 and December 2008, 1,053 education-related attacks or threats were reported in Afghanistan, a
ccording to CARE. The number of incidents was almost three times as much as that in 2005.The World Bank cooperated with CARE in order to.
| A．know how to educate Afghan boys and girls successfully during the war. |
| B．know how to give money to Afghan boys and girls. |
| C．know the condition of education in Afghan schools. |
| D．know if the education of Afghan boys and girls is successful |
The passage implied that.
| A．Afghan people suffered a lot | B．Afghan boys suffered little |
| C．Afghan girls didn't suffer at all | D．Afghan girls suffered more than boys |
Why have attacks on schools been on the rise since 2005?
| A．The Taliban thought schools are connected with the military. |
| B．The Taliban thought the Kabul administration would cooperate with it. |
| C．The Taliban thought schools were built by the American government. |
| D．The Taliban thought schools were built with reconstruction dollars. |
According to
the last paragraph, attacks on Afghan schools in 2005 amounted to.
| A．670 | B．1, 053 | C．ove r 1,700 |
D．about 350 |
Millions of people are now using what are called“peer-to-peer”networks. Basically, you link your computer to other computers all across the country, mostly so you can give something in exchange for music for free.“But here's the problem,”“Early Show”Consumer Correspondent Susan Koeppen says as part of the broadcast's series, “Somebody's Watching You”: thieves are using the same networks, and they're not interested in music－they're seeking access to your financial information.
Beth Pope learned the hard way. When she put peer-to-peer software on her computer, she had one goal in mind: increasing her music library.“I thought I could get access to other people's music folders and they could have access to my music folders,”she says,“and that was about it. I didn't think it went any further than that.”
Are Your Medical Records Watched? That is, until she was contacted by the Secret Service－with shocking news－someone had stolen personal information from her computer－using the very software she used to trade music. With the help of David Dunn, a member of the Secret Service Electronic Crimes Task Force, Koeppen decided to see what personal information she could find using a peer-to-peer network.
Thieves typically seek documents such as credit reports, tax returns, or the federal financial student aid application, Dunn says.“Obviously,”says Dunn,“we aren't going to download it, because it's someone's personal information. I'm sure that, whoever (this file sharer) is didn't want her (student aid application) confirmation number available online for somebody to download.”Pope says she's done using peer-to-peer.“I've gotten all of that off my computer, ”she says.“I pay for music now. It's the best way to do it. There's no way that I would ever do that again.”
The trade 
group for file sharing software companies says they are working on better systems to prevent the misuse of the peer-to-peer networks. Still, Koeppen urges that people, for instance, delete Lime Wire from their computers, or make sure they have the latest version, which should have updated security features.Thieves are trying to get access to your computer in order to.
| A．find your personal information |
| B．see how your computer is working |
| C．talk with you |
| D．help you with your system |
Why did Beth Pope use peer-to-peer software?
| A．Because she wanted others to use her information. |
| B．Because she wanted to try it. |
| C．Because she wanted to increase her music library. |
| D．Because she wanted to get others' financial information. |
Susan Koeppen tried to.
A．warn the readers of dangers of sha ring music files with others. |
| B．warn the readers not to share music files with others. |
| C．tell us a true and funny story |
| D．advertise the peer-to-peer networks. |
From the passage we get to know.
| A．we shouldn't believe others. |
| B．computers make our life easy and comfortable. |
| C．softwares help us to share music with others |
D．every thing has two sides, the good side and the bad one |
A new research has uncovered that culture is a determining factor when interpreting facial emotions （情感）．The study reveals that in cultures where emotional control is the standard, such as Japan, focus is placed on the eyes to interpret emotions．Whereas in cultures where emotion is openly expressed, such as the United States, the focus is on the mouth to interpret emotion．
"These findings go against the popular theory that the facial expressions of basic emotions can be universally recognized," said University of Alberta researcher Dr．Takahiko Masuda．"A 
person's culture plays a very strong role in determining how they will read emotions and needs to be considered when interpreting facial expression．"
These cultural differences are even noticeable in computer emoticons （情感符号）, which are used to convey a writer's emotions over email and text messaging．The Japanese emoticons for happiness and sadness vary in terms of how the eyes are drawn, while American emoticons vary with the direction of the mouth．In the United States the emoticons :） and :-） show a happy face, whereas the emoticons : （ or : -（ show a sad face．However, Japanese tend to use the symbol （ ' ' ） to indicate a happy face, and （ ;_; ）to indicate a sad face．
"We think it is quite interesting and appropriate that a culture tends to mask its emotions．The Japanese would focus on a person's eyes when determining emotion, as eyes tend to be quite subtle （微妙的）," said Masuda．"In the United States, where open emotion is quite common, it makes sense to focus on the mouth, which is the most expressive feature on a person's face．"The text mainly tells us that __________．
| A．cultural differences are expressed in emotions |
| B．culture is the key to interpreting facial emotions |
| C．different emoticons are preferred in different cultures |
| D．people from different cultures express emotions differently |
Which emoticon is used by Americans to show a happy face?
A．（;_;） |
B．:-） | C．:-（ | D．: （ |
If a Japanese wants to detect whether a smile is true or false, he will probably_______．
| A．read the whole face | B．focu s on the mouth |
| C．look into the eyes | D．judge by the voice |
People used to believe that _______．
| A．some facial expressions of emotions were too complex to be recognized |
| B．people in the world interpreted basic emotions in different ways |
| C．people could only recognize the facial expressions of basic emotions |
| D．people all over the world understood basic emotions in the same way |