第三部分：阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读-优题课

Chinese media and Internet users on Monday condemned a lack of morals in society after a toddler was struck twice by two different vans and left bleeding on the road as more than a dozen bystanders did nothing to help the seriously injured girl.
The incident, captured by a surveillance camera and aired by Southern Television Guangdong (TVS), showed the two-year-old girl was knocked down and run over by a white van on a narrow market street on the afternoon of Oct. 13, in Foshan City of Guangdong Province.
The driver fled the scene of the accident, leaving the girl to bleed on the sidewalk. Over the next six minutes, more than a dozen people walked by the girl, yet not one individual did anything to help her. The girl was then hit a second time by another van before an elderly trash collector came to her aid and brought the attention of the girl’s mother, according to the video and eyewitnesses.
Doctors said that the girl, who was put on life support after being hospitalized, remains in a deep coma. The girl's parents, who are migrants living in the city, are now with her.
Police said the drivers of both vehicles have been arrested. However, the apathy of the bystanders shown in the video has shocked the public, as Internet forums have seethed with anger, and people are questioning the morality of society.
High moral standards were once triumphed as national pride in China where individuals known for selflessly helping others were adored by the public.
But in recent years, the perception of a decline of morals has become a hot topic as profit and materialism are perceived to be affecting society’s values.
On Sept. 2. an 88-year-old man in central China collapsed, his face striking the pavement. Yet, no one came to his aid, and he ended up choking to death on the blood from his nose.
Some have linked the absence of good models to a previous case in which a man trying to help an elderly woman who fell was accused of harming her.
A strong chorus of opinion on the Internet says laws should exempt（免除）models from responsibility, yet laws themselves cannot solve society’s morality dilemma.
Cao Lin, a China Youth Daily commentator, said in a signed article published on Monday that the worry of responsibility should not be an excuse for not helping, and this case exposes the decline of humanity in Chinese society.
From the passage, what would happen if someone helped others selflessly in the past?

A．He/she would be condemned by the public.

B．He/she would be awarded by the government.

C．The public would feel proud of him/ her and showed love and respect for him/ her

D．He/she would have to worry about liability.

Which of the following is TRUE about this passage?

A．Nobody helped the girl who was struck twice by two different vans.

B．The toddler died immediately after she was hit a second time.

C．High moral standards were once regarded as national pride in China.

D．Journalists from TVS captured the incident by using a camera.

In recent years, society’s values is believed to be affected by .

A．people’s perceptions	B．profit and materialism
C．the apathy of bystanders	D．the morals of society

According to Cao Lin, what is the fundamental reason for not helping the girl?

A．The worry of responsibility.

B．Lack of laws that exempt role models from responsibility.

C．The decline of humanity in society.

D．The other two cases mentioned in the article--the case of an 88-year-old man and the case where a man trying to help an elderly woman who fell was accused of harming her.

Where is the article probably taken from?

A．A fashion magazine.	B．A news report.
C．A science fiction.	D．An education column.

A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.
A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two - headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say so peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl -friend.
No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.
The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ____ .

A．repeated without any change	B．treated as a joke
C．made some changes by the parent	D．set in the present

According to the passage, great fear can take place in a child when the story is ____ .

A．in a realistic setting	B．heard for the first time
C．repeated too often	D．told in a different way

The advantage claimed (提出) for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it ____.

A．makes them less fearful

B．develops their power of memory

C．makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of

D．encourages them not to have strange beliefs

The author's mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ______.

A．fairy stories are still being made up

B．there is some misunderstanding about fairy tales

C．people try to modernize old fairy stories

D．there is more concern for children's fears nowadays

One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that _______.

A．they are full of imagination

B．they just make up the stories which are far from the truth

C．they are not interesting

D．they make teachers of history difficult to teach

Like any good mother, when Karen found out that another baby was on the way, she did what she could to help her 3-year-old son, Michael, prepare for a new baby. They find out that the new baby is going to be a girl, and day after day, night after night, Michael sings to his sister in Mommy's stomach.
In time, the labor pains come. But complications arise during delivery. Finally, Michael's little sister is born. But she is in serious condition. With alarm in the night, the ambulance rushes the infant to the neonatal intensive care unit at St. Mary's Hospital, Knoxville, Tennessee. The days go by. The little girl gets worse. The pediatric (儿科的) specialist tells the parents, “There is very little hope. Be prepared for the worst.”
Karen and her husband contact a local cemetery about a burial plot. They have fixed up a special room in their home for the new baby, but now they plan a funeral. Michael keeps begging his parents to let him see his sister, "I want to sing to her," he says. But kids are never allowed in Intensive Care.
Karen makes up her mind. She will take Michael whether they like it or not. If he doesn’t see his sister now, he may never see her alive.
She dresses him in an oversized suit and marches him into ICU. He looks like a walking laundry basket, but the head nurse recognizes him as a child and shouts, "Get that kid out of here now. No children are allowed. Never disturb patients here.” The mother rises up strongly and said," He is not leaving until he sings to his sister!"
Karen leads Michael to his sister's bedside. He gazes at the tiny infant losing the battle to live. And he begins to sing. In the pure hearted voice of a 3-year-old, Michael sings:" You are my sunshine, my only sunshine, you make me happy when skies are gray......" Instantly the baby girl responds. The pulse rate begins to calm down and becomes steady.
“Keep on singing, Michael." encouraged Karen with tears in her eyes. "You never know, dear, how much I love you, please don't take my sunshine away."
The next day, the very next day, the little girl is well enough to go home! Woman's Day magazine called it "the miracle of a brother's song". The medical staff just called it a miracle. Karen called it a miracle of Gods love!
Never give up on the people you love.
What may the underlined words "the infant" refer to?

A．The baby

B．Karen

C．Mary

D．Michael

What do we know about the little sister after she was born?

A．She was driven to St. Mary's shop.

B．A doctor came to see her in her house.

C．She was very thin and couldn't speak.

D．She was in great danger.

Why did Karen firmly let little Michael see his sister in ICU?

A．Because he could make his sister alive.

B．Because his sister would be sent to a far hospital.

C．Because his sister was going to die soon.

D．Because his father wanted to take him away.

What do we know about the head nurse?

A．The head nurse was careful.	B．The head nurse was rude.
C．The head nurse was responsible.	D．The head nurse had no sympathy.

What is the general idea of the text?

A．A boy' s singing saved his sister' s life.

B．The little girl is well enough to go home.

C．Michael's little sister is born with a serious disease.

D．No children are allowed to enter the intensive care unit.

Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together, they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: international competitions encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sport encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident including the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by incidents caused mainly by smaller national contests.
One country received its second-place medals with visible anger after the hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were sure that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in great anger when he said, “This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.” The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension（停赛）of the team for at least three years.
Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism(爱国主义).
According to the author, recently the Olympic Games have ______.

A．created goodwill between the nations

B．brought about only false national pride

C．hardly showed any international friendship

D．put an end to misunderstanding and hatred

The underlined word “disallowed”(in Paragraph 2) means “______”.

A．permitted to pass	B．considered as reasonable
C．won by the other side	D．refused to accept

What did the manager mean by saying, “Hockey and the International Hockey Federation
are finished"?

A．His team would no longer take part in international games.

B．Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions.

C．There should be no more Hockey matches organized by the Federation.

D．The Federation should break up.

The author gives the example in paragraph 2 to show ______.

A．how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in international games

B．that sportsmen are often against the final decisions

C．that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship

D．that unfair decisions are common in the Olympic Games

What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?

A．The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.

B．Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games.

C．A game should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.

D．More and more athletes will compete for their own honor.

Writing being largely a self-taught occupation, texts on how to get about it -though great in number- seldom are of much use.
You try, and fail. Then try again. Until at last, if you have some gift for it, the failures become less frequent, or at any rate less apparantly.
It is this ability to cover up one’s defects that is finally regarded as accomplishment or achievement.
Along the way there are the discouragements of unkind criticism, outright rejection, troublesome insecurity and irregular inability to meet debts.
It is uncommon, therefore, to come across a book containing advice of much practical value for anyone toying（漫不经心地考虑） with the dangerous idea of staring on a writing life.
A friend recently lent me such a book, however - one I wish I’d had the luck to read years ago, and which I would recommend to any young person devoted to making a career of words. It is the autobiography （自传） of the English novelist Anthony Trollope, first published in 1883, the year after his death.
Needing some means to support himself, Trollope at age 19 worked as a junior clerk in the British postal service. He was at his desk at 5:30 each morning to write for three hours. And he remained in the mail service 33 years, long after reputation and prosperity had come to him.
Now, what of his advice in his works?
1. For safety’s sake, arm yourself with some other skills, some other line of work to fall back on（求助）。 That way, failure at writing, though the disappointment may appear, will not mean ruin.
2. Do not depend too much on inspiration. Writing is a craft, which Trollope compared to the craft of shoemaking. The shoemaker who has just turned out one pair of his work sets to work immediately on the next pair.
3. Have a story to tell, but, more important than that, people with characters who will speak and move as living creatures in the reader’s mind. Without memorable characters, story alone is nothing.
4. Meet your deadlines. Life is endlessly “painful and troublesome” for writers who can’t finish their work on time.
5. Do not be carried away by praise. And, above all, do not be injured by criticism.
6. Understand the risks of writing for a living. “The career, when successful, is pleasant enough certainly; but when unsuccessful, it is of all careers the most painful.”
This passage mainly discusses__________.

A．the difficulties and risks of making a career of words

B．the uselessness of instructions contained in writing guidebooks

C．the autobiography of the 19th century English novelist Anthony Trollope

D．sound advice provided in Anthony. Trollope’s autobiography

From the context we can figure out that the underlined word “defect” in Paragraph 3 means__.

A．advantage

B．fault

C．truth

D．disadvantage

According to the author, writing _______.

A．is basically a self-taught occupation and no instructions on how to deal with it are of any practical use

B．is a “trial and error” process and it does not count whether you have the gift for writing or not

C．for a living is the most pleasant of all careers, full of praise and enjoyment

D．sometimes provides good hopes of winning public praise and escaping povert

From the passage we may infer that the author is most probably

A．an instructor of writing	B．a writer
C．an educator	D．a publisher