第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A device that stops drives from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months.
The system, called Driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road accidents by 20%—40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are related to fatigue.
Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband. The device, worn by drives or pilots, gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by squeezing the steering wheel(
方向盘). A sensor in the wristband detects this pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the driver's response.
Tiredness is directly re
lated to a driver's response time. Usually, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.
In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sounds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the driver's response continues to slow down, the sounds become more frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible.
The device has been delivered to the department's laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months' time, are successful, the makers will bring the product to market within about a year.
56. According to the text, Driver Alert ______.
A. aims to reduce tiredness-related accidents B. aims to prevent drivers from sleeping
C. has gone through testing at laboratories D. has been on sale for 12 months
57. How should a driver respond to the sounds from Driver Alert?
A. By sounding a warning. B. By checking the driving time.
C. By touching the wrist hand. D. By pressing the steering wheel.
58. We can learn from the text that the driver needs to stop for a break when his response time is _____.
A. about 400 milliseconds B. over 500 milliseconds
C. below 500 milliseconds D. about 4 minutes
59. When the driver gets sleepy while driving, Driver Alert ______.
A. moves more regularly B. opens the window for the driver
C. stops working properly D. sounds more frequently and loudly
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
It’s interesting that technology often works as a servant for us，yet frequently we become a servant to it．E-mail is a useful tool but many feel controlled by this new tool．The average business person is getting about 80 e-mails per day and many feel that about 80% of the messages in their “Inbox” are of little or no value．
So，I have four suggestions to help you to become better at “Erasing E-mail”．
1．Get off the lists．The best way to deal with a problem is to never have it．If you are receiving a lot of unwanted e-mails，ask to be removed from the various lists．This would include your inclusion in unwanted lists．
2．“Unlisted address”．Just as you keep an “unlisted” telephone number that you share only with those whom you want to have direct access to，you might want to get a separate e-mail address only for the important communications you wish to receive．
3．Check it once or twice per day．Many I speak with are becoming chained to their email server，monitoring incoming email continuously．Maybe this is because e-mail creates its own sense of urgency，but most of the communications are not all that urgent．I respond to them a couple of times per day．
4．Deal with it．As you open each e-mail，do one of the following:
a．If it requires a quick response，respond to it and delete it．
b．If it requires a response but is not the best use of your time，try to find someone else to do it．
c．If it is going to take any serious amount of time to respond，schedule it for action in your Day Planner and then download the message，save it，or print it out for future action．
I personally receive about 250 e-mails per day and by practicing the suggestions above，I can handle that volume in about an hour，taking advantage of this fantastic tool but not being controlled by it to make sure I’m doing more important tasks in my day．If you get unwanted e-mails，the best you can do is to ________．
| A．make a list of them |
| B．put them into unwanted lists |
| C．send them to a special address |
| D．ask to be deleted from different lists |
For the important communications，the writer suggests that you ______．
| A．have a direct access for them |
| B．have several e-mail servers for them |
| C．get a separate e-mail address for them |
| D．get an unlisted phone number for them |
To avoid being chained by the coming e-mails，what you can do is to ________．
| A．respond urgent ones only |
| B．reply to all of them at the same time |
| C．handle them a couple of times daily |
| D．keep replying to e-mails all day long |
To deal with an e-mail you get，you can do the following EXCEPT _______．
| A．responding right away if it’s urgent |
| B．downloading every e-mail before you reply |
| C．scheduling it for later reply if it takes much time |
| D．asking someone else to reply to it if it’s not at your convenience |
When you make a mistake, big or small, cherish it like it’s the most precious thing in the world．Because in some ways, it is．
Most of us feel bad when we make mistakes, beat ourselves up about it, feel like failures, get mad at ourselves．
And that’s only natural: most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad, that we should try to avoid mistakes．We’ve been scolded when we make mistakes—at home, school and work．Maybe not always, but probably enough times to make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction．
Yet without mistakes, we could not learn or grow．If you think about it that way, mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the world: they make learning possible; they make growth and improvement possible．
By trial and error—trying things, making mistakes, and learning from those mistakes—we have figured out how to make electric light, to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, to fly．
Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest toddler, make speech possible, make works of genius possible．
Think about how we learn: we don’t just consume information about something and instantly know it or know how to do it．You don’t just read about painting, or writing, or computer programming, or baking, or playing the piano, and know how to do them right away．Instead, you get information about something, from reading or from another person or from observing, then you make mistakes and repeat, making mistakes, learning from those mistakes, until you’ve pretty much learned how to do something．That’s how we learn as babies and toddlers, and how we learn as adults．Mistakes are how we learn to do something new—because if you succeed at something, it’s probably something you already knew how to do．You haven’t really grown much from that success—at most it’s the last step on your journey, not the whole journey．Most of the journey was made up of mistakes, if it’s a good journey．
So if you value learning, if you value growing and improving, then you should value mistakes．They are amazing things that make a world of brilliance possible．Why do most of us feel bad about making mistakes?
| A．Because mistakes make us suffer a lot． |
| B．Because it’s a natural part in our life． |
| C．Because we’ve been taught so from a young age． |
| D．Because mistakes have ruined many people’s careers． |
According to the passage, what is the right attitude to mistakes?
| A．We should try to avoid making mistakes． |
| B．We should owe great inventions mainly to mistakes． |
| C．We should treat mistakes as good chances to learn． |
| D．We should make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction． |
The underlined word “toddler” in Paragraph 6 probably means_________．
| A．a small child learning to walk |
| B．a kindergarten child learning to draw |
| C．a primary pupil learning to read |
| D．a school teenager learning to write |
We can learn from the passage that_________．
| A．most of us can really grow from success |
| B．growing and improving are based on mistakes |
| C．we learn to make mistakes by trial and error |
| D．we read about something and know how to do it right away |
Guide to Stockholm University Library Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment．
Zones
The library is divided into different zones．The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer．The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs．The ground floor is the zone where you can talk．Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work．
Computers
You can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers, you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office．They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor．
Group-study places
If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor．Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people．All rooms are marked on the library maps．
There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website．To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card．You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week．
Storage of Study Material
The library has lockers for students to store course literature．When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period．
Rules to be Followed
Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library．Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls．
Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you．The library’s upper floor is mainly for students to________．
| A．read in a quiet place |
| B．have group discussions |
| C．take comfortable seats |
| D．get their computers fixed |
Library computers on the ground floor________．
| A．help students with their field experiments |
| B．are for those who want to access the wi-fi |
| C．contain software necessary for schoolwork |
| D．are mostly used for filling out application forms |
What condition should be met to book a group-study room?
| A．Group must consist of 8 people． |
| B．One should have an active University account． |
| C．Three-hour use per day is the minimum． |
| D．Applicants must mark the room on the map． |
A student can rent a locker in the library if he________．
| A．has earned the required credits |
| B．attends certain course |
| C．has nowhere to put his books |
| D．can afford the rental fee |
What should NOT be brought into the library？
| A．Mobile phones |
| B．Orange juice |
| C．Candy |
| D．Sandwiches |
The parents of a troubled teen may feel unsure as to whom to turn to in order to find help for their child. They may feel as if they have exhausted all of their options, and sometimes they are on the verge of giving up. But there is hope. Schools for troubled teens offer discipline and in some cases, drug treatment programs that can provide important life skills, and more importantly, a fresh start.
The following is a list of the most effective types of schools for troubled teens. Not every facility is a match for every child, but by knowing the differences between them, parents can make a better educated decision about where to send their teenager.
Boarding Schools
When a child is unable to deal with the relative freedom of a standard school day, boarding schools might be a good choice. At boarding schools, the child lives in a dorm setting, where almost every minute of the day is scheduled by school administrators.
Treatment Centers
When a teenager has an addiction to drugs or alcohol, a residential center that specializes in young people is an outstanding way to help them break the cycle of addiction. Treatment centers feature individual and group counseling to help identify the root causes of the drug problem and help develop the life skills needed to stay clean when the program is over.
Wilderness Programs
Designed to help improve the discipline and self-reliance of the child, wilderness programs send kids back to nature. By placing them in a foreign and sometimes uncomfortable setting, wilderness programs hope to improve children’s behavior. Programs generally include hikes, exercise programs and team building exercises.
Boot Camps
Boot camps are the most extreme style of school for troubled teens. These facilities are modeled after actual military boot camps, where the individual must get into shape, work as part of a team, and follow a long, hard set of rules and regulations. However, boot camps might not be the best choice for a teen with a drug addiction.Who would be the intended readers of the passage?
| A．Teachers. | B．Parents. |
| C．Students. | D．Experts. |
As the author suggests, schools for troubled teens______.
| A．can be a good choice for some desperate parents |
| B．can completely help and change troubled teens |
| C．are becoming popular with teens in trouble |
| D．care more about discipline than life skills |
According to the passage, boarding schools_____.
| A．provide children with more freedom |
| B．have their students’ time managed carefully |
| C．pay much attention to team building exercises |
| D．can make children feel safer |
Taking exams in a large group setting can be stressful for students and for the staff members who are watching over them.
When classrooms are crowded and desks are close together, cheating might be tempting.
One university in Thailand came up with an anti-cheating hat that makes it almost impossible for students to see other students’ papers．A photo of the students wearing the anti-cheating hats made its way to the Internet, and the university was criticized for making students wear those ridiculous looking homemade hats．The hats were made by stapling pieces of paper onto a headband, one to each side of the head.
After being criticized, senior academic staff at Kasetsart University in Bangkok, Thailand, released a statement saying that the hats idea came from students．They said that in a bid to prevent cheating they asked the students for ideas on how to prevent cheating in the upcoming exam, which was being taken by almost one hundred students．Students came up with different ideas, then the paper hat idea was selected by them as the most suitable.
The university claimed that no one was forced to use the hat, but they all chose to do so．“When wearing the hat during the exam, students felt more relaxed, ”Nattadon Rungruangkitkrai, a lecturer at the university said．“It was not meant to indicate that Kasetsart students often cheat on exams．I apologize if the photo makes other people look at my students in a negative way, ”Rungruangkitkrai added.According to the text, in which case cheating will become easy?
| A．When desks are crowded into a classroom. |
| B．When students are too stressful. |
| C．When too many students are sitting in a classroom. |
| D．When the staff members who are watching over them are not responsible. |
Why was the university criticized?
| A．The university was too strict. |
| B．The university made students wear strange looking hats. |
| C．The university prevented students cheating. |
| D．The students chose to use the hats. |
What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
| A．The students are not forced to wear the hats when taking the exam. |
| B．The senior academic staff at the university made the paper hat idea. |
| C．The students felt more stressful when wearing the hat during the exam. |
| D．The students don’t like wearing the hats when taking the exam. |
What’s the best title of the text?
| A．How to make the anti-cheating hat |
| B．Anti-cheating hat was criticized |
| C．Anti-cheating hat was considered the most suitable choice |
| D．Anti-cheating hat |