Alotofmanagementtrainingeachye-优题课

A classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation on communities of rats was conducted by a psychologist，John Calhoun．In each experiment，an equal number of male and female adult rats were placed in an enclosure（场地）．The rat populations were allowed to increase．Calhoun knew from experience approximately how many rats could live in the enclosures without experiencing stress due to overcrowding．He allowed the population to increase to approximately twice this number Then he fixed the population by removing the children that were not dependent on their mothers．At the end of the experiments，Calhoun was able to conclude that overcrowding causes a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats，a kind of social disease．The rats in the experiments did not follow the same patterns of behavior as rats would in a community without overcrowding．
The females in the rat population were the most seriously affected by the high population density（密度）．For example，mothers sometimes deserted their children，and，without their mothers’care，the children died．The experiments showed that in overpopulated communities，mother rats do not behave normally．Their behavior may be considered diseased and pathological（病理学的）．
The leading males in the rat population were the least affected by over population．Each of these strong males claimed an area of the enclosure as his own．Therefore，these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats did．．However leading males did behave pathologically at times．Their antisocial（反社会）behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male，female，and immature rats．This unusual behavior showed that even though the leading males had enough living space，they too were affected by the general overcrowding．
Non-leading males in the experimental rat communities also exhibited unusual social behavior．Some withdrew（缩回） completely ,avoiding contact with other rats．Other non-leading males were too active，chasing other rats and fighting each other．
The behavior of the rat population has similarity in human behavior．People in densely（密） populated areas exhibit unusual behavior similar to that of the rats in Calhoun’s experiments．In large urban areas，such as New York City，London，and Cairo，there are deserted children．There are cruel，powerful individuals，both men and women．There are also people who withdraw and people who become too active．Is the major cause of these disorders（混乱）overpopulation?
Calhoun’s experiments suggest that it might be．In any case，social scientists and city planners have been influenced by the results of this series of experiments．
Which of the following inferences（推断）can NOT be made from the first paragraph?

A．Overpopulation causes pathological behavior in rat populations．

B．Calhoun had experimented with rats before．

C．Calhoun’s experiment is still considered important today

D．Stress does not occur in rat communities unless there is overcrowding．

The author implies that the behavior of the leading male rats is sometimes similar to that of

A．people who would like to keep to themselves

B．people who abandon their children

C．too active people

D．cruel，powerful people

The main point of this passage is that _______________．

A．although rats are affected by overcrowding，people are not

B．overcrowding may be an important cause of social pathology

C．the social behavior of rats is seriously affected by overcrowding

D．Calhoun's experiments have influenced many people

The world hash’t seen a pandemic（流行疾病）in 4 1 years，when the”Hong Kong”flu crossed the globe and killed about one million people worldwide．If H1N1 flu（甲型流感）reaches pandemic levels，what would happen next?
The outbreak of SARS in 2003 rang alarm bells as potential pandemics．Although it jumped the”animal-to·human”barrier，neither disease changed enough to enable human-to．Human infection．Strictly speaking，SARS did not become pandemics because it was too good at killing their hosts．For a pandemic，it needs to be able to maintain human-to．human contact without killing its host off．
”H1N1 flu is already a man-to-man disease，which makes it much more difficult to manage．
And H1N1 flu appears much more infectious than SARS．
But the WHO warns，it cannot say whether or not it will indeed cause a pandemic．According to experts，here’s what the world might see if there is another pandemic，based on past experience．
The disease would skip from city to city over an 18-to-24 month period，infecting more than a third of the population．World health Organization officials believe as many as 1．5 billion people around the globe would seek medical care and nearly 30 million would seek hospitalization．Based on the last pandemic and current world population，as many as 7 million people could die．Hospitals will become overcrowded；schools will close；businesses will close；airports will be empty．Business will become very bad，as people avoid as much social contact as possible．
Health facilities will become overrun with patients and there would be less-than-adequate staffing，as medical health professionals fall ill themselves and that would result in higher deaths．
The very young and very old will likely be the most susceptible（易受感染的）to the illness．Experts warn，much is still unknown about the current H1N1 flu virus and its severity and it is too early to say whether it will lead to a pandemic．Right now，the focus is on finding answers and controlling the spread．
How many kinds of disease is mentioned in the passage?

A．Two

B．Three

C．Four

D．Five

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A．SARS didn’t change enough to enable sustained（持续的）human-to—human infection．

B．SARS was very good at killing its carriers．

C．A man with H1N1 flu can not infect another man easily．

D．Comparing SARS and H 1N 1 flu，SARS is not as infectious．

What can we know about the “Hong Kong” flu from the passage?

A．It spread all around the globe and killed lots of people．

B．It killed about millions of people．

C．It killed about one million people in Hong Kong．

D．Not the old but the young were susceptible to it and got killed．

What can be inferred from the passage?

A．The H1N1 flu will skip from city to city over an 18一to一24 month period．

B．Doctors and nurs

es will fall ill themselves，which will result in many more deaths．

C．Every country is taking measures to stop the H1N1 flu from leading to a pandemic．

D．The WHO and experts have known much about the current H1N1 flu virus．

If I were writing a history of my family, some of the darkest moments recorded would be those surrounding Christmas trees．One would certainly think otherwise；selecting and puRing up our trees have always been filled with risk．For example，one afternoon dangerously close to Christmas Eve my mother bought what she thought to be a bargain，a glorious tree that was so full and tall that we could hardly get it into the house．Once we did，my father immediately realized that we would have to hire a carpenter to build a stand for it．Another December perhaps the very next one，we bought a tree earlier than we ever had before．We were happy with its shape and delighted that its size was manageable．We easily placed it in a stand，decorated it from top to bottom，and then self satisfiedly sat back by the fire in its soft light．Two or three days passed and the truth could not be hidden；we had bought a tree cut so long ago that its needles were coming off．There was nothing to do but undecorate it，take it down，and begin tree shopping again．Our most recent Christmas tree offered still another difficult task．When we brought it home，once again it seemed larger than it was in the great outdoors．I persuaded two young neighbors to stop playing basketball and to help us get the tree into the house and set it correctly in the stand．Unfortunately，no one noticed the mud on our helpers’shoes，so only after removing several reddish brown spots from the carpet were we able to discuss the question of where the lights and ornaments（装饰）were stored．Perhaps those who cut their own trees have tales more painful than these．I don’t care to hear them，as my family’s experiences are enough to cause me to make the following suggestion：”Let’s forget the tree next Christmas．Let’s simply hang some flowers on the front door and over the mirror in the hall．”
The darkest moments in the writer’s family were with the fact that ______．

A．the family bought big Christmas trees

B．they had problems decorating their Christmas trees

C．they had problems picking suitable Christmas trees

D．they had problems finding carpenters for putting up Christmas trees

We can learn from the passage that the writer would like to ______．

A．forget about Christmas stories

B．get the neighbors to put up their trees

C．buy a better tree to celebrate Christmas

D．make other decorations rather than Christmas trees

When the writer said”my mother bought what she thought to be a bargain”，he means____．

A．she bought the tree at a low price

B．she didn’t really want to buy it

C．she had to bargain hard with the salesman

D．she couldn’t afford a more expensive one

Which of the following can be the best title for the passage ?

A．How to Select a Christmas Tree	B．No More Christmas Trees for Us
C．Dark Moments of Life	D．Christmas Without Trees

If you thought sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang or Internet entrepreneurs Zhang Chaoyang and Ding Lei would automatically be on the list of the” Men of Our Time”，then you could be behind the times．
The surprise in the list of 10 men released by the All-China Women’s Federation yesterday is that it contains no celebrities- and the guiding factors seem to be care and sympathy for the opposite sex．
In fact，Liu and Yao，as well as actor Pu Cunxin—the image ambassador for China’s anti-HIV，AIDS campaign—appeared in a booklet given out at the contest’s launch ceremony in January．The federation wouldn’t say why they are not in the final list．
The winners，with an average age of 47．5，were selected by women officials and journalists of the nine women’s newspapers in China，whose standard was men promoting equality between the sexes．
Li Zhong hua, a 46-year—old air force officer who test-flies planes，said he thought he was chosen because” he takes good care of his family，and is a gentleman”．
”Gentlemen get more respect in our society．They should be like those in the movie Titanic，who let women and children lave first in life rafts。”he told China Daily．
Shi Hua shan，a 48-year-old policeman in Gui xi of Jiangxi Province，said that he became a”man in the eyes of women” because” women love stories of heroes saving beauties"．
His team has rescued more than 180 women who were taken away by force and sold as wives in the mountain regions of Fujian Province．
Some other” Men of Our Time” are：
Lang Jinghe，67，gynecologist at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital in Beijing，who has made breakthroughs in ovarian cancer；
Ma Li，33，official in Xuzhou of Jiangsu Province，whose shelter has helped 196 victims of domestic violence；Li Mingshull，43，lawyer in Beijing，who is active in campaigns against family violence；Liu Ri，51，a mine worker in Lu’an of Shanxi Province，who took care of his paralyzed
parents·in-law for 23 years with his wife．
Which of the following statements is right?

A．Liu Xiang, a sports star, was on the list of the “Men of Our Time”．

B．LiZhonghua was a man in the eyes of women because he was an excellent air force officer．

C．Shi Huashan rescued women from forced marriages

D．The honor was given to Pu Cunxin at the launch ceremony in January．

Who is among the“Men of Our Time”?

A．Yao Ming

B．Ma Li

C．Pu Cunxin

D．Liu Xiang

The underlined word “celebrities” in the second paragraph most probably means______．

A．famous scientists	B．famous actors
C．well-known people	D．well．known sports stars

This passage is most probably taken from——．

A．a science magazine	B．an advertising booklet
C．a travel brochure	D．a newspaper

阅读文章后，从第54至58题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
Most people call it "body language" —the clues（线索） to the meaning that we get from gesture, facial expressions, posture —everything that isn't spoken．Experts call it "nonverbal communication," but it means the same thing: a second source of human communication that is often more reliable to understanding what is really going on than the words themselves．
Understanding body language is important to success, whether in the business world or in our personal lives．However, most of our ideas about body language are wrong, according to modern communication research．
There is a belief that people with shifty （变化的） eyes are probably lying．As Paul Ekman says, "When we asked people how they could tell if someone was lying, too much blinking（眨眼） and shifty eyes were the winners．But sometimes people act like that because they are shy．Liars pretend to be calm in order not to be caught．
Ekman goes on to argue against such a wrong belief．Although this kind of body language is probably an expression of nervousness, it is not always because the person is lying．Shyness can, for example, make people shift their eyes．To understand what someone's behavior means, you have to watch them carefully．
There is also a belief that when meeting someone, the more eye contact, the better．As a result people would like to make initial （开始的） contact in formal situations, like a job interview, by staring fixedly at the other human．Yet Ekman points out that most of us are comfortable with eye contact lasting a few seconds, but any eye contact that is longer than that can make us nervous．
In short, you must carefully consider the speaker and the speaking environment．Experts suggest that unless you know about someone's basic communication style, you will have little hope in understanding their true feelings through body language．In other words, body language carries important but not always true messages．
According to the passage, body language is _____．