When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are but some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions(感知，认知):
Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experiences.
Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that person’s perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by some. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus（聚焦） primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same yardstick to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.
Sometimes we see only what we want to see what may be obverse to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory（矛盾的）information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore (忽视) the misdeed—“He’s basically a good boy, so what I saw was not shoplifting.” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information—“All kids get into mischief(顽皮). Taking a book from the bookstore isn’t such a big deal.” We call change the meaning of the contradictory information—“It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.”
72．The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is .
A．what we see and what we hear
B．cultural background and personal experiences
C．experiences one learns from others
D．critical measures taken by other people
73．While one observes a particular person .
A．he is likely to take everything into consideration
B．he pays more attention to the person’s advantages
C．children often differ from grown – ups in perception
D．his perception may be affected by other people’s opinions
74．Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because .
A．their yardsticks are not the same
B．either of them may be slow to catch information
C．the time for observations is not long enough
D．each of them uses different language to express his/her impressions
75．The worst thing in selective perception is that .
A．perceived information runs against your desire
B．it contains some private feelings that may be wrong
C．importance of the contradictory information can be praised
D．the same information may not be dealt with in the same way
Most people think of zoos as safe heavens for animals, where problems such as difficulty finding food and avoiding predators (食肉动物) don’t exist. Therefore, animals in zoos should live to a ripe old age.
But that may not be true for the largest land animals on earth. Scientists have known that elephants in zoos often suffer from poor health. They develop diseases and they are even unable to have babies.
To learn more about how captivity (圈养) affects elephants, a team of international scientists compared the lifespans (寿命) of the zoo-born elephants with the lifespans of thousands of wild elephants. They also compared some Asian elephants living in zoos with some Asian elephants which work in logging camp (伐木场), over almost the same time period.
The team found that elephants born in zoos lived an average of 16.9 years, but elephants that died of natural causes lived an average of 56 years. Asian elephants followed a similar pattern. In zoos, they lived 18.9 years, while those in the logging camp lived 41.7 years.
Scientists don’t yet know why wild elephants seem to live so much better than their zoo-raised counterparts (同类). Georgia Mason, a biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada, who led the study, thinks stress and obesity (肥胖) may be to blame. Zoo elephants don’t get the same kind of exercise they would in the wild. Elephants’ social lives are also much different in zoos than in the wild, where they live in large family groups.Most people believe that________.
| A．animals in zoos should live a longer life |
| B．zoos are not good for animals to live in |
| C．zoos are not suitable for large animals |
| D．captivity can affect animals in many ways |
The purpose of the international scientists is_________.
| A．to compare the lifespans of different animals |
| B．to find out how captivity affects elephants |
| C．to learn the lifespans of male and female elephants |
| D．to compare the lifespans of elephants in different places |
Which elephants live the longest according to the study?
| A．Elephants born in zoos. |
| B．Elephants that live in the wild. |
| C．Elephants that work in logging camps. |
| D．Female Asian elephants in logging camps. |
We can infer from the passage that_________.
| A．elephants in zoos suffer less stress than those in the wild |
| B．elephants in zoos live an easy life |
| C．social lives are not important to elephants |
| D．zoo life can be stressful to elephants |
What are the advantages to elephants in the wild according to the passage?
| A．They face fewer problems. | B．They can find food more easily. |
| C．They live in large social groups. | D．They are freer to move. |
On a cold evening I was waiting for a taxi in New York. About 5 minutes later, I was picked up by a driver, and he said how horrible some people were. I knew there was a part of me that wanted to be silent, but I had to listen out of kindness.
The man told me that he had just come from JFK Airport without a customer. Over the course of that taxi ride, what started as anger changed slowly and he mentioned that he had read an article which said that the happiest people are the ones that give, so he hoped he’d have more chance to give in his life. I was really starting to enjoy being with this man.
As we arrived at the place where I wanted to go, I paid my money by credit card. I pulled out an extra $20 and said, “Sir, since we’ve been talking about giving this whole time, I want to share that feeling with you. I’ve already paid my money, but here’s an extra little bit. You can tell the next passenger in this taxi that their ride is a gift from another.”
I thought I was pretty cool at this point. But he turned toward me, tears in his eyes, and he said, “Sir, I have a better idea. You give that $20 to a homeless person around here and I will give the next passenger a free ride myself.”
It was a great honor meeting that man and learning the lesson of how everyone gives and adds joy to another with their generosity.According to the text, when the author got in the taxi, the taxi driver was________.
| A．angry | B．nervous | C．worried | D．regretful |
The author gave the driver an extra $20 in order to_________.
| A．help him to get out of trouble | B．know what he was really like |
| C．experience the joy of giving | D．learn how to get along with others |
What can be inferred from the taxi driver’s words in Paragraph 4?
| A．A driver should be willing to help. |
| B．People should understand each other. |
| C．The driver was deeply moved. |
| D．One needs to keep an optimistic attitude (乐观态度). |
What would be the best title for the text?
| A．A cold evening in New York | B．Learning from a taxi driver |
| C．A gift to a generous stranger | D．Always being a happy person |
Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick and light golden in color, the Lay's potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global control. But its maker, Frito-Lay doesn't think so. "Potato chips are a snack food for the world , "said Salman Amin, the company's head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the attractions of a Frito-Lay potato chip.
Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America owned by Pepsico and accounts for over half of the parent company's $ 3 billion profits every year. But the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated(饱和),and to grow, the company has to look overseas.
Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies of scale(规模) with which local brands cannot compete. And second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to "global" as a concept. "Global" does not mean products that are consciously regarded as American, but ones that consumers--especially young people--see as part of a modern, innovative(创新的) world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for example, do not know that Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the company's research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.
With brand concept a key factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo(标识). The logo, along with the company's long-held marketing image of its chips, would help make the company's global development very easy.
The managers admit that they try to change national eating habits to a food created in America, but they don't think that means economic imperialism (霸主). "We're making products in those countries, we're adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives , "said Steve Reinemund, Pepsico's chief manager.Amin's belief is that _________.
| A．people all over the world enjoy eating their potato chips |
| B．the light golden color increases the attraction of their potato chips |
| C．they must find new ways to promote sales in their country |
| D．potato chips can hardly control the world market |
What do we learn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph 2?
| A．It gives half of its profits to its parent company every year. |
| B．It needs to turn to the world market for development. |
| C．Its products used to be popular among overseas consumers. |
| D．Its development has caused fierce competition in the snack market. |
One of the concepts on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that __________.
| A．consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands |
| B．products suiting Chinese consumers' needs bring more profits |
| C．local brands cannot compete successfully with American brands |
| D．products identified as American will have promising market value |
Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned?
| A．To suit changing tastes of young consumers. |
| B．To compete with other American chip producers. |
| C．To change the company's long-held marketing image. |
| D．To promote the company's strategy of globalization. |
Read the following advertisements and then choose the correct answers.
| (China Daily, March 3, 1996) the biggest shopping center will open on March 8. Every body with today's China Daily will get a small present that day. You are welcome. Telephone: 38990688; address: No. 6 Xidan Road …… |
| (ENGLISH NEWSPAPER, March 19) English Newspaper needs a foreign editor. He (She ) must have worked in China for more than 2 years. British nationality is necessary. The salary is $ 100,000 a year. The term is 3 years. In ten days this piece of advertisement will not be useful. Telephone: 3890666; addreses: No. 6 Xinling Road … |
| (CHINA FOOTBALL, February 3, 1996) Shanghai Shenhua Team Vs Beijing Guo'an Team TIME: February 8. Sunday (3:00) PLACE: Hongkou Stadium TICKET PRICE; RMB 25 yuan (for adults ) RMB 15 yuan (for students) NAME: China Cup Football Contest COACHES: Xu Genbao, Jin Zhiyang … |
If an Englishman who has worked in China for 3 years comes to English Newspaper office to ask for the job in April, he will _____.
| A．get the job | B．not get the job | C．be a good editor | D．not be useful |
If three adults and six students went to watch the match, the tickets would cost them _____ yuan.
| A．165 | B．135 | C．196 | D．255 |
Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
| A．The shopping center is at NO. 6 Xidan road. |
| B．The telephone number of English Newspaper is 3890666. |
| C．The match was between Beijing Team and Guo'an Team. |
| D．Xu Genbao is a coach. |
Computers are very important to modern life．Many people think that in the future computers will be used in lots of everyday life．It is thought that we won’t have to go shopping because we will be able to get most things which are sold in shops on the Internet．There will be no more books because we will be able to get all texts from computers．The Internet will be used to play games, see films and buy food．Most telephone calls will be made by computers, too．
Some people are glad about those new ways of shopping and communicating(交流)．Others do not think that computers will replace（代替）our old ways．
Some people think that one day we will not read books made of paper. Instead, we will buy and read books using computers, which will keep many different books in them at the same time．We won’t need to turn lots of pages and paper will be saved．Computerized (计算机化的) books will be used more and more．
While many people say it is a pleasure to go into shops and look at things you want to buy．It is also unlikely that many people will want to read large texts on our computers. Because paper books will perhaps be more friendly．Maybe computers won’t change these two habits．Which is the main idea of this passage?
| A．People like going shopping | B．Reading books is important |
| C．Computers are important | D．Computer can be used to play games |
There will be no more books because________.
| A．There is no paper in the future. | B．People don’t like reading books. |
| C．They are very expensive. | D．We can read passages from computers. |
Which of the following is TRUE?
| A．We can see films by computers. | B．People all like to go shopping by computers. |
| C．We can’t buy anything using computers. | D．All the people like reading books from computers. |
Which of the following is mentioned (提到) in the passage?
| A．Computers can help us e-mail our friends. | B．We can chat by using computers. |
| C．Computers can help us make telephone calls. | D．We can listen to the music by computers. |