B
Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patient–to
speed recovery or to cover the coming of death? In
medicine as in law, government, and other lines of
work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed
（变矮小）by greater needs: the need to protect from
brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to advance
the public interest．
What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctor reject that he is ill, or minimize fee gravity of the illness? Should they at least hide the truth until after the family vacation?
Doctors face such choices often．At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient's own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones．
Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate （恶化） faster, perhaps even commit suicide（自杀）．
But other studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians; a great majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about serious illness, and feel cheated when they learn that they have been misled．We are also learning that truthful information, humanly conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: help them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after operation．
There is urgent need to debate this issue openly．Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception （欺骗）．Yet the public has every reason to know professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to trust．Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, "What you don't know can't hurt you．"
60．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Whether patients really want to know the truth of their condition．
B．Whether patients should be told the truth of their illness．
C．Whether different studies should be carried on．
D．Whether doctors are honesty with their patients．
61．For the case mentioned in paragraph 2, most doctors will ____．
A．tell the patient the truth as soon as possible
B．choose to lie to him about his condition at that moment
C．tell him to shorten the family vacation
D．advise him to cancel the family vacation
62．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Sometimes government tells lies because they need to meet the public interest．
B．Doctors believe if they lie, those seriously-ill patients will recover more quickly．
C．Truthful information helps patients deal with their illness in some cases．
D．Many patients don't want to know the truth, especially about serious illness．
63．From the passage, we can learn that the author's attitude to professional deception is ____．
A．supportive B．indifferent C．opposed D．neutral
63．From the passage, we can learn that the author’s attitude to professional deception is .
A．supportive B．indifferent C．opposed D．neutral
One day, Wilson was walking quietly along the road when someone hit him hard on the back of his neck. He looked behind him, and saw a young man whom he had never seen before.
“How dare you hit me like that?” shouted Wilson.
The young man said he had mistaken Wilson for a friend of hi
s and that he thought Wilson was making a lot of noise about nothing.
This insult(侮辱) made Wilson even angrier, of course, and he at once decided to bring the young man before a judge.
Now , the judge who heard the case was a friend of the young man’s father’s, and, although he pretended to be quite fair, he was thinking about what he could do to protect the yo
ung man from being punished while at the same time not to be appearing unfair.
Finally he said to Wilson, “I understand your feelings in this matter very well. Would you be satisfied if I let you hit the young man as he hit you?”
Wilson said he would not be. The young man had insulted him and should be properly punished.
“Well, then,” said the judge to the young man, “I order you to pay ten coins to Wilson.”
Ten coins was very little for such a crime, but the young man did not have it with him, so the judge allowed him to go and get it.
Wilson waited for him to return with the money. He waited an hour, and then two hours, while the judge took care of other business.
When it was nearly time for the court to close, Wilson chose a moment when the judge was especially busy, came up quietly and hit him hard on the back of the neck. Then he said to him, “I am sorry, but I can’t wait any longer. When the young man comes back, tell him that I have passed my right to the ten coins on to you.”Why did the young man hit Wilson from behind?
| A．Wilson had hit him before. | B．He had mistaken Wilson for a friend of his. |
| C．Wilson was a stranger there. | D．Wilson made a lot of noise when he was walking. |
The judge thought about how to protect the young man because .
| A．he thought it a small matter | B．as a judge, he should be fair |
| C．he thought the man too young to be punished | D．the young man was his friend’s son |
According to the passage, while of the following is TRUE?
A．The young man was or dered to hit himself as hard as he had done on Wilson . |
| B．Wilson was allowed to hit the young man as hard as he had done. |
| C．Wilson was allowed to do more insulting on the young man. |
| D．The young man was ordered to hand a lot of money to Wilson. |
The judge allowed the young man to go home, hoping .
| A．he would not return any more | B．he could escape from there |
| C．he would return in two hours | D．he would get the money |
The be
st title for this passage is .
| A．I’ve passed my right on to you | B．The judge and Wilson |
| C．Wilson and the young man | D．The young man was set free |
It was several years since Adolf Hitler came into power in Germany. And now his army was marching into some parts of Europe. He must be in the prime(顶峰) of his career.
One day Hitler went to an exhibition where the works of school children were on show. He seemed to have great interest in the exhibits—inventions as well as carvings, drawings. After having walked around the hall and examined everything, he said he was re
ady to meet the young artists. And soon a group of children came into the room to salute(向-----敬礼) him.
“Well, well. You did very good work.” nodded Hitler in satisfaction. “I promise on my honor I’d satisfy you with whatever you want. What’d you wish to be if I were your father?”
“A sailor sailing the sea” one of the boys answered.
“Good. I’ll have you join my navy and some day you will rule the oceans.”(海洋)
“Ask for anything? What’d you wish to be if I were your father?” he asked a second boy.
“A painter as great as Rembruant.”
“Good. You are to be sent to the Fine Art School and surely you will make an even greater painter.”
When Hitler caught sight of a sad-looking boy be frowned(皱眉), then quickly forced a smile, “The
re my boy, in spite of my point of view towards the Jews(犹太人), I’d do you a favor and your dream will come true. What’d you wish to be if I were your father?”
The boy looked straight at the man.
“An orphan(the child who has no parents).” he murmured.（嘟哝） Hitler promised to satisfy(满足) the children with whatever they want because .
| A．he wanted all the children to live a happy life | B．he wanted to make a good impression on the children |
| C．he liked paintings very much | D．he liked all the children |
Hitler frowned when he saw the sad-looking boy because .
| A．the boy was recognized to be a Jew | B．the boy didn’t come to the front to salute him |
| C．the boy didn’t want to ask for anything | D．the boy was sad-looking |
Judging by what the boy said we can see that .
| A．the boy’s parents had died | B．the boy had no brothers or sisters |
| C．the boy hated Hitler very much | D．the boy wanted himself to be an orphan |
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
| A．Hitler wanted to be the father of the children. | B．The boy was both clever and courageous(勇敢的). |
| C．Rembruant was a great painter. | D．Hitler did not like Jews. |
I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt’s house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hea
ring again the radio program for school children to which listened every morning. I do not remember myself crying for this reason again. In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving, I thought about all the places I was going to see—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.
The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism(乐观主义), but the idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really lost—having to study in three schools as a
result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. I was often sad, and saw no end to “the hard times”.
My responsibilities(职责) in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home. I wrote letters, filled out forms, translated at interviews with i
mmigration officers, took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives.
From my experiences I have learned one important rule: almost all common troubles ev
entually go away! Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up, and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy. How did the author get to know America?
| A．From her relatives. | B．From her mother. | C．From books and pictures. | D．From radio programs. |
For the first two years in New York, the author. .
| A．often lost her way | B．did not think about her job  |
| C．studied in three different schools | D．got on well with her new friends |
What can we learn from the author from Paragraph 3 ?
A．She  worked as a translator. |
B．She attended a lot of job interviews. |
| C．She paid telephone bills for her family . | D．She helped her family with her English. |
The author believes that.
| A．her future will be free from troubles . | B．it is difficult to learn to become patient. |
| C．there are more good things than bad things. | D．good things will happen if one keeps trying. |
On April twenty-second, some American children stayed out of school but they were not punished. They were with their parents. As Faith Lapidus tells us, it was Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Day.
The Ms. Foundation for Women started the program seventeen years ago, in 1993. At first it was just called Take Our Daughters to Work. Gloria Steinem and other foundation leaders pointed to studies showing that self-image suffers as girls become teenagers. They can lose trust in their abilities and intelligence, especially in areas like science, math and technology. So the Ms. Foundation planned a day for parents in New York City to show girls all the possibilities for them in the professional world. But there was so much interest, the organizers decided to make it national.
At first, girls mostly followed their mom or dad around at work to learn about their jobs. Later, employers and schools began to offer organized activities. But from the beginning there were protests(反对) from parents and others about the exception of boys. So in 2003 the day was renamed Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work.
2007 was the last year that the Ms. Foundation for Women headed the program. Now, the event is run by a twelve-person group called the Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Foundation.
The event is connected with Mattel, the company that makes Barbie dolls.
Carolyn McKecuen is president of the foundation. She says a total of about thirty-three million children and adults are involved in the program. About one-third of the adults work at large companies or nonprofit organizations. Another third are in small businesses. The rest work in education.
Carolyn McKecuen says the numbers from this year's event are not final yet. But early reports suggest that participation was up at least ten percent from last year. And she says the foundation is hoping to find support to expand the program internationally. She says there are lots of requests from other countries for information about how to set up similar programs.It was called Take Our Daughters to Work at first because ______.
| A．girls are considered to be clever than boys |
| B．girls are considered to be more foolish than boys |
| C．girls aren’t confident in some areas as they becomes older |
| D．girls don’t want to learn some science subjects |
Why was the day renamed as Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Day later?
| A．Because some parents were against only girls’ having the chance. |
| B．Because some parents wouldn’t like to take their daughters to work. |
| C．Because some employers were against parents’ taking their children to work. |
| D．Because some schools didn’t want to give any students’ time to leave school. |
How many years did the Ms. Foundation for Women head the program?
| A．17 | B．18 | C．14 | D．10 |
From this passage we can learn ______.
| A．April twenty-second is a day for some American children to stay out of school for punishment |
| B．the Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Day is a national in America |
| C．Mattel is the president of the foundation whose company makes Barbie dolls |
| D．Lots of other countries want to set up similar programs for parents and children |
The last paragraph shows that ______.
| A．the program becomes more and more welcome |
| B．the program will come an end without international support |
| C．the program has been copied by many other countries |
| D．Carolyn McKecuen wants more and more children to take part in the program |
Many of the stories written by Mark Twain take place in Hannibal, Missouri.The small wooden house where he lived as a boy still stands there.Next to the house is a wooden fence.It is the kind described in Twain's book, "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer," published in1876.
In that story, Tom has been told to paint the fence.He does not want to do it.But he acts as if the job is great fun.He tricks other boys into believing this.His trick is so successful that they agree to pay him money to let them finish his work."The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" is considered one of the best books about an American boy's life in THE the1800s.
Tom Sawyer's good friend is Huckleberry, or "Huck," Finn.Mark Twain tells this boy's story in "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn."Huck is a poor child, without a mother or home.His father drinks too much alcohol and beats him.
Huck's situation has freed him from the restrictions of society.He explores in the woods and goes fishing.He stays out all night and does not go to school.He smokes tobacco.
Huck runs away from home.He meets Jim, a black man who has escaped from slavery.They travel together on a raft made of wood down the Mississippi River.Huck describes the trip: "It was lovely to live on the raft.Other places seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft don't. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft...Sometimes we'd have that whole river to ourselves for the longest time... We had the sky up there, all speckled with stars, and we used to lay on our backs and look up at them---.“From the second paragraph we learn Tom Sawyer is a ______ boy.
| A．kind | B．smart | C．clumsy | D．honest |
The reason why Huck runs away from home is that ______.
| A．his family is poor | B．he wants to find a friend live with |
| C．there’s no warn in his home | D．he loves nature and likes to adventure |
The underlined word “restrictions” can be replaced by _____.
| A．limits | B．prohibition | C．forces | D．rules |
Why did Huck feel comfortable living in a raft? Because _____.
| A．Huck made the raft by himself | B．Huck could eat fresh food here |
| C．Huck could have the river there | D．Huck likes to be free |
The stories of “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" and “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” are probably _____.
| A．completely imaginary | B．according Mark Twain’s experiences |
| C．Mark Twain’s autobiography(自传) | D．records from his last generation |