Ⅲ阅读(共两节,满分40分)
第一节阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答
题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place
Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet... We are surroundedby the word "diet" everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attractedby the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking aboutwhat diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us
psychologically and physically.
Diet products significantly weakenus psychologically. On one level, we are not
allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the
weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods.
Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale
instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word "diet" in food labels.
On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time wehave a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that wedon't have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comeswithout pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have onus, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm ourbodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing ourbodies from having basic nutrients (营养成分). Diet foods and diet pills contain zerocalorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonderproducts. Diet products, may not be nutritional, and the chemical that go into dietproducts are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time toseriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not inthe power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist
diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological harm that comes from using
them.
41. From Paragraph 1, we learn that__________.
A. diet products fail to bring out people's potential
B. people have difficulty in choosing diet products
C. diet products are misleading people
D. people are fed up with diet products
42. One psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to__________.
A. try out a variety of diet foods
B. hesitate before they enjoy diet foods.
C. pay attention to their own eating habits
D. watch their weight rather than their diet
43. In Paragraph 3, "gain comes without pain" probably means________.
A. losing weight is effortless
B. it costs a lot to lose weight
C. diet products bring no pain
D. diet products are free from calories ,
44. Diet products indirectly harm people physically because such products_________.
A. are over-consumed
B. lack basic nutrients
C. are short of chemicals
D. provide too much energy
45. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
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Being the boss might mean more money and challenging work but it can also cause damage to physical and mental well-being, according to a Canadian study.
For years studies have shown people in lower-status jobs generally have higher rates of heart disease and other illnesses and die earlier than those in higher-status positions while job authority has shown no relationship with workers’ health.
But University of Toronto researchers, using data from 1,800 US workers, found the health of people in higher positions is affected by work as they are more likely to report conflicts with co-workers and say work disturbs their home life.
However, the positive aspects of having a power position at work, such as higher status, more pay and greater independence, seemed to cancel out the negative aspects when it came to people’s physical and psychological health.
These latest findings, reported in the journal Social Science & Medicine, suggest that the advantages and disadvantages authority positions basically cancel each other out, giving the general impression that job authority has no health effects.
For the study, the researchers surveyed participants about various aspects of their work, life and well-being. Job authority was judged based on whether a person managed other employees and had power over hiring, firing and pay.
Physical health complaints included problems like headaches, body aches, heartburn and tiredness. Psychological complaints included sleep problems, difficulty concentrating and feelings of sadness, worry and anxiety.
“This isn’t to suggest that having authority is ‘bad’—in fact, we show it has benefits ... but it is important to identify the negative sides and deal with them.” researcher Scott Schieman said.
Schieman said conflicts with co-workers or involvement of work into home life may destroy at physical and mental well-being by creating stress.
“These are key stressors that can tax individuals’ ability to function effectively,” Schieman said.
64. Work will have a negative effect on job authority’s health probably because __________.
A. they are not fit for their work
B. they have power over hiring and pay
C. they are faced with severe competition
D. they don’t get on well with their co-workers
65. Most people don’t see that bosses have health effects because __________.
A. their health problems are not serious enough to see
B. they have enough money to keep themselves healthy
C. their problems are quite different from those of workers
D. the advantages and disadvantages of their status work against each other
66. From the passage we can infer that the study aims to _________.
A. warn people not to be a boss for ever
B. remind the boss to deal with the bad effects of their work
C. show that having authority is harmful to one’s health
D. prove that being a boss can benefit a lot
67. The best title for this passage might be ________.
A. Lower-status can affect health B. Authority can affect health
C. Positive aspects of a power position D. Disadvantages of being a boss
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Scientific experiments can sometimes go wrong and when they do, the results may range from the disastrous to the troubling. One such experiment took place in South America about fifty years ago. Whether its final consequences will cause serious damage or nothing more than a small trouble still remains to be seen.
The story began in 1956 when an American scientist working in Brazil decided to solve the problem of increasing the productivity of that country’s bees. He imported a very active type of African bee from Tanzania and mated (交配) it with the more easygoing native variety to produce a new kind of bees. The new bees worked harder and produced twice as much honey. It seemed that Professor Kerr, for that was the scientist’s name, had a total success on his hands.
Then things began to go wrong. For some reason as yet unseen, but perhaps as a result of something in their environment, the new bees began to develop extremely attacking personalities. They became bad-tempered and easy to be angry, attacked the native bees and drove them from their living places.
But worse was to follow. Having taken over the countryside, the new bees, with their dangerous stings (叮) , began to attack its neighbors—cats , dogs, horses, chickens and finally man himself. A long period of terror began that has so far killed a great number of animals and about 150 human beings.
This would have been enough if the bees had stayed in Brazil. But now they are on the move, heading northwards in countless millions towards Central and North America, and moving at the alarming speed of 200 miles a year. The countries that lie in their path are naturally worried because it looks as if nothing can be done to stop them.
60. Which of the following statements is right?
A. The results of the South American experiment have caused a serious trouble.
B. Scientific experiments in South America have proved to be wrong.
C. The results of the South American experiment are not yet certain.
D. It’s clear that scientific experiments in South America are not important.
61. The experiment mentioned in this passage was designed to _________.
A. increase the amount of honey in Brazil
B. make Brazilian bees more easy-going
C. increase the number of bees in Brazil
D. make African bees less active
62. Which of the following may be the cause of the new bees attacking personalities?
A. Their production of honey. B. Their hard work.
C. Their living environment. D. Their bad temper.
63. The last paragraph implies that __________.
A. the bees have been driven to Central and North America
B. The bees may bring about trouble in more countries
C. the bees must be stopped from moving north
D. the bees prefer to live in Brazil
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第三部分:阅读理解(共20小题,每题2分,满分40分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Watching television more than two hours a day early in life can lead to attention problems later in adolescence, according to a study released on Tuesday.
The roughly 40 percent increase in attention problems among heavy TV viewers was observed in both boys and girls. The link was established by a long-term study of the habits and behaviors of more than 1,000 children born in Dunedin, New Zealand, between April 1972 and March 1973.
The children aged 5 to 11 watched an average of 2.05 hours of weekday television. From age 13 to 15, time spent in front of the tube rose to an average of 3.1 hours a day.
"Those who watched more than two hours, and particularly those who watched more than three hours, of television per day during childhood had above-average symptoms(症状) of attention problems in adolescence," Carl Landhuis of the University of Otago in Dunedin wrote in his report, published in the journal Pediatrics.
Young children who watched a lot of television were more likely to continue the habit as they got older, but even if they did not the damage was done, the report said.
"This suggests that the effects of childhood viewing on attention may be long lasting," Landhuis wrote.
Landhuis offered several possible explanations for the relations.
One was that the rapid scene changes common to many TV programs may over stimulate(刺激)the developing brain of a young child, and could make reality seem boring by comparison. "Hence, children who watch a lot of television may become less patient of slower-paced and more mundane(世俗) tasks, such as school work," he wrote.
It was also possible that TV viewing may take the place of other activities that promote concentration, such as reading, games, sports and play, he said.
Previous studies have linked the forever habit of TV watching among children to obesity and so on, and another study in the same journal referred to the poor nutritional content of the overwhelming majority of food products advertised on the top-rated US. children's television shows.
Up to 98 percent of the TV ads promoting food products that were directed at children aged 2 through 11 "were high in either fat, sugar, or sodium," wrote Lisa Powell of the University of Illinois in Chicago.
56. The recent survey shows that _________.
A. watching TV can cause all kinds of diseases for children
B. TV sets have played an important part in our daily lives
C. Watching TV over 2 hours a day early in life can cause attention problems later in adolescence
D. watching TV has side effects on children’s future
57. People used to think that _________.
A. watching TV more than 2 hours every day did good to children’s health
B. the habit of TV watching among children could easily lead to obesity and diabetes
C. the children weren’t patient with their homework because of watching TV too much
D. it was very important for children to watching TV early in life
58. The underlined word “Hence” means _________.
A. In that case B. And yet C. On the contrary D. For this reason
59. In Landhuis’ opinion, _________.
A. attention problems caused by watching TV during childhood may be hard to get rid of
B. how to develop children’s attention problems is a lasting problem
C. the key of settling attention problems is not watching TV too much
D. there shouldn’t be many food products ads on children's television shows
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BRITAIN is a popular tourist place.But tours of the country have pros and cons.
GOOD NEWS
Free museums.No charge for outstanding collections of art and antiquities.
Pop music.Britain is the only country to rival (与…匹敌) the US on this score.
Black cabs.London taxi drivers know where they are going even if there are never enough of them at weekends or night.
Choice of food.Visitors can find everything from Ethiopian to Swedish restaurants.
Fashion.Not only do fashion junkies love deeply and respect highly brand names such as Vivienne Westwood, Alexander McQueen; street styles are justly loved, too.
BAD NEWS
Poor service.“It’s part of the image of the place.People can dine out on the rudeness they have experienced,” says Professor Tony Seaton, of Luton University’s International Tourism Research Center.
Poor public transport.Trains and buses are promised to defeat the keenest tourists, although the over crowded London tube is inexplicably (难以理解的) popular.
Lack of languages.Speaking slowly and clearly may not get many foreign visitors very far, even in the tourist traps (圈套).
Rain.Still in the number one complaint.
No air-conditioning.So that even splendidly hot summers become as unbearable as the downpours.
Overpriced hotels.The only European country with a higher rate of tax on hotel rooms is Denmark.
Licensing hours.Alcohol (酒) is in short supply after 11 pm even in “24-hour cities”.
72.What do tourists complain most?
A.Poor service. B.Poor public transport.
C.Rain D.Overpriced hotels.
73.What do we learn about pop music in Britain and the US through this passage?
A.Pop music in Britain is better than that in the US.
B.Pop music in Britain is as good as that in the US.
C.Pop music in Britain is worse than that in the US.
D.Pop music in Britain is quite different from that in the US.
74.When is alcohol not able to get?
A.At 12: 00 pm B.At 10: 00 pm
C.At 11: 00 pm D.At 9: 00 pm
75.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A.You have to pay to visit the museums.
B.It’s very cheap to travel by taxi there.
C.You cannot find Chinese food there.
D.The public transport is poor there.
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Nate suffered a hard blow when he lost his job.His boss had spoken rudely, “Your services are no longer needed.” Nate left the building filled with despair.By the time he reached home, he was in a deep depression.When he entered his house, he blurted out to his wife Sophia, “I lost my job.I am a complete, utter failure.” A tense silence followed.Then a smile crept across Sophia’s face.“What great news!” she responded.
“Now you can write the book you have always wanted to write.”
“But I have no job and no prospect of a job,” YC he objected, completely without hope.“If I struggle to be an author, then what will we live on? Where will the money come from?” Sophia took her husband by the hand and led him to the kitchen.Opening a drawer, she took out a box that was full of cash.“Where on earth did you get this?” Nate gasped.“To whom does it belong?”
“It’s ours!” Sophia replied.“I always knew that one day you would become a great writer if only you were given the chance.From the money you gave me for housekeeping every week, I have saved as much as I could so you would have your chance.Now there is enough to last us a whole year.”
What a surprise! What encouragement! What a wife! The unemployed husband did concentrate on writing that year, and the novel he wrote became a literary masterpiece.The book is The Scarlet Letter.Sophia had an even greater achievement, and she turned Nathaniel Hawthorne from a poor clerk into a world famous master.
68.Which of the following can be inferred from the first paragraph?
A.Sophia was very disappointed to hear the news
B.Nate was too sad to speak any more
C.Sophia was thinking of how to encourage Nate
D.Neither husband nor wife had any idea what to do
69.Sophia saved money because _______________________.
A.she knew her husband would lose his job one day
B.she knew their life would be in difficulty
C.she was very careful with money
D.she was trying to help her husband in every possible way
70.From the passage we can know that Sophia was __________________________.
A.kind and brave B.careful and encouraging
C.friendly and warm-hearted D.honest and determined
71.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Sophia’s Achievement B.A Great Writer’s Struggle to Success
C.Great Encouragement in Hard Times D.Failure is the Mother of Success