第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读-优题课

The world consumes hundreds of billions of single-use plastic bags each year. They are difficult to recycle, wasteful and damage the nature. Environmental activists want to ban plastic bags or---as many communities have done ---charge a fee for them. But the plastic bag industry defends their use, saying people reuse plastic bags, and industry officials argue recycling is a matter of personal responsibility and should not be forced.
City officials say New Yorkers use 5.2 billion plastic bags each year. They are offered free with nearly every supermarket, or convenience store purchase. Many people like them, even if they sometimes feel guilty about using them. But what happens to those bags after they’ve been used in a huge environmental problem. They are found on beaches. They are caught in trees. They are swallowed by marine life.
Plastic bags are made of petroleum products and natural gas, and do not biodegrade (分解). And they are difficult to recycle. So New York City spends nearly $ 10 million dollars a year to send 100---thousand tons of plastic bags to landfills out of state.
In Washington, D.C., a five percent charge on all single-use bags led to about a 60 percent reduction and in Los Angeles County in California , a 10 cent charge on single-use bags led to a 95 percent reduction. With a 10 cent charge on bags, customers are much more likely to stop and think about whether they need a bag or not. And that’s really all that these laws are doing.
Who object to the limit of using plastic bags?

A．Plastic bag makers.	B．Government officials.
C．Stores and supermarkets.	D．Most of the consumers.

Paragraph 2 mainly tells us _____.

A．the difficulty about dealing with plastic bags

B．the popularity of plastic bags in New York

C．the great convenience brought by using plastic bags

D．the usage and problems of plastic bags in New York

What measure does the writer introduce to reduce the use of plastic bags?

A．Reducing the production of plastic bags.

B．Charging for the use of plastic bags.

C．Offering paper bags instead of plastic bags.

D．Making people realize the harm of plastic bags.

From July to October every year, about a quarter of the world’s blue whales feed in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California. But the whales currently face a major threat in their favorite feeding area. Ships carrying cargo (货物）sail in the same area at the same time. All too often, the whales’ paths and the ships’ travel lines overlap (重叠)，and a ship will hit a whale.
According to a new study, these ship strikes have become a serious threat to the overall population of the world’s blue whales. Only about 10,000 of the creatures still exist worldwide. Blue whales are the largest known animals ever to live on Earth. Even so, if hit by a container ship, a blue whale will likely die from its injuries.
In 2007 alone, large ships killed five blue whales in the waters off San Francisco and Los Angeles, California. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says that because there are so few whales already, losing three to five from the California whale population every year is a significant loss. “The estimated population of blue whales in this part of the Pacific is 2,500”, says Sean Hastings, a NOAA analyst. “So every whale counts toward this species moving off the endangered-species list.”
Now, marine scientists must figure out how to protect the whales from the giant container ships. One very simple program is already under way in the Santa Barbara Channel, a waterway that separates mainland California from the nearby Channel Islands.
The Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary has asked large container ships passing through the area to voluntarily slow down. Sailing slower will allow the ships’ crew (船员）more time to change course before hitting a whale.
Several of the world’s largest shipping lines are set to participate in the new program. For every ship that passes through the Santa Barbara Channel at or below the reduced speed of 12 knots (海里 / 小时），the company that owns the ship will be paid $2,500.
From Paragraph 1, we can know that_____.

A．people intend to illegally hunt blue whales for money

B．large ships often carrying goods may pollute the sea

C．there is fewer fish in blue whales’ favorite feeding area

D．the container ships may hit the blue whales frequently

Why is the death of several whales regarded as significant loss to the world's blue whales?

A．Because other blue whales will be scared away.

B．Because the number of the blue whales is so small.

C．Because blue whales are the largest animals in the world.

D．Because many blue whales get killed throughout the year.

According to Sean Hastings，it’s inferred that .

A．the blue whales are still on the endangered-species list.

B．the number of the blue whales is decreasing sharply.

C．most of the world’s blue whales live in the Pacific Ocean.

D．blue whales are often disturbed by other endangered creatures.

What are the last three paragraphs mainly about?

A．The basic responsibility of a sailor.

B．The world’s largest shipping lines.

C．Measures to protect the blue whales.

D．Ways to slow down the speed of the ships.

Singles' Day ---- the Chinese opposite of Valentine’s Day has turned into a massive online shopping event. It is a day when single people are supposed to buy themselves presents. But there are sociological reasons behind China's “celebration” of single life. And the imbalance could have big consequences for the country.
There were 34 million more men than women in China in 2011. Part of that is natural – usually there are 105 boys born for every 100 girls. But the Chinese gender ratio (性别比例) at birth is much more obvious. It was 116 boys to 100 girls in 2012. The one child policy is largely to blame. Brought in to limit population expansion, the policy allows only one child per family. But because male children are seen as more valuable, as well as more likely to support their parents in old age, some parents choose to have a son over a daughter. The result is that large numbers of men will likely never get married. In fact, one study has predicted that by 2030, 1 in 5 Chinese men in their 30s will never have married, while another states that 94% of unmarried people in China are men.
Traditionally, China has seen high levels of marriage, usually among the young. Besides, the increased education and career opportunities for women have meant that marriages are happening later. It is also traditional that women often marry men of a higher socioeconomic status than themselves. So women at the top and men at the bottom find themselves alone. One study has even suggested a link between an imbalanced gender ratio and growth in violent crime in the country.
Singles ' Day can’t solve all the problems China’s singles face. Indeed, it is possible that it is causing even more problems, as men resort to increasingly risky lines of work to increase their chances of gaining money and thus a wife. I am worried that as money starts to overcome romance, there is evidence that China ' s marriage market is increasingly materialistic.
In 2012, if 50 girls were born, how many boys were probably born?

A．50.

B．52.

C．58.

D．60.

What made women in China get married late?

A．Their support of the government’s late marriage policy.

B．Their higher education level and more work chances.

C．That they expect to enjoy their single time when young.

D．That there are too many excellent young men to choose from.

What’s the writer’s attitude to the imbalance gender ratio in China?

A．Optimistic	B．Concerned
C．Indifferent	D．Unknown

We can learn from the passage that .

A．Singles' Day is celebrated all over the world.

B．by 2030, 1 in 5 Chinese women in their 30s will be out of marriage.

C．an imbalanced gender ratio is related to the growth in violent crime.

D．Singles' Day will solve all the problems China’s singles face.

The world's first hamburger doesn't come from where you think it comes from. It wasn't invented in the United States, and it didn't originate in Germany. No, the world's first hamburger comes from China.
If you're scratching your head right now, you're not alone. But Chinese hamburgers are very real and they definitely predate the hamburgers we call our own in the U.S. Known as rou jia mo, which translates to "meat burger" or "meat sandwich", they consist of chopped meat inside a pita-like bun, and they've been around since the Qin Dynasty, from about 221 BC to 207 BC. Despite the differences between this Chinese street food and our American-style burgers, the rou jia mo has been called the world's first hamburger.
The rou jia mo originated in the Shanxi Province of China, and is now eaten all over the country. It's typically prepared and eaten on the street. The dough for the bun, or mo, consists of a simple mixture of wheat flour, water and maybe yeast. Of course recipes may vary, but this basic equation makes for a chewy and subtle pillow for the delicious filling. While the mo is traditionally baked in a clay oven, today it's often fried in a pan. They may look a little like Chinese steamed buns or baozi, but the dough for those are, of course, steamed, not baked or fried.
The meat filling might consist of chopped pork, beef, lamb or chicken that has been stewed with a variety of spices, like ginger, cloves, coriander and star anise. You might also find herbs like cilantro or greens like lettuce garnishing the sandwich.
What does the underlined word mean?

A．noodle

B．food

C．bread

D．beverage

Which of the following is TRUE?

A．The mo people eat today is baked in a clay oven.

B．The world's first hamburger which was originated in the Shanxi Province of China is popular around the world.

C．The rou jia mo has a history of more than 2200 years.

D．The rou jia mo and American-style burgers share a similar cooking process.

What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Delicious hamburger

B．How to cook hamburger

C．Chinese invented hamburger

D．History of hamburger

Waiting anxiously to be reunited with the son he had not seen for 13 years, Phil Baker took a walk along the beach with his wife Lyn to relax himself. His boy Benji, 21, was finally back to Australia after living most of his life in the UK, half a world away from his dad.
As he looked out at the ocean, wondering how his son might have changed over the years, Phil saw some people on the kayaks (小艇) in trouble on the water. Without hesitation, he dived into the sea to help. And as he carried a stricken young man trembling and semi-conscious to the shore, he realized the young man was his long-lost son.
“I looked at his face, and something occurred to me,” says Phil. “Those brown eyes were very familiar.” Although Phil had seen just a few photos of his son since the boy was eight years old, he recognized him at once.
It would be reasonable to suppose it was a father’s instinct that incited Phil to help ---- but at the moment he dived into the water to go to the aid of the struggling group, he only thought he was helping a stranger in trouble.
He said, “Two people were desperately paddling on one of the kayaks and it seemed like someone fell into the water. I told Lyn, ‘Something is not right; I’m going to help.’ ”
“l took off my T-shirt and threw my keys on the sand. Diving into the water, I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying in the water. He was shaking violently. Linking arms with one instructor, I helped to carry the man out of the water. He was drifting in and out of consciousness and his hands and feet were blue.”
Then Phil looked into the boy's eyes and wept as he realized the stricken stranger was his own son. Phil recalled, “I asked the instructor, ‘what’s his name?' ” He replied, ‘Benji’. In an instant, I knew that stranger was my boy. I checked his breathing and pulse and said, “It's me, your dad. You're going to be OK.”
Benji tells how it felt to be saved by his long-lost dad. “All I remember was waking up on the beach and seeing my dad there,” he says, “And I recognized his face straight away.”
What can we know about the Bakers?

A．Phil and his wife lived in Australia.

B．Phil knew he was going to save his son.

C．Benji was going to see off his son on the beach.

D．Benji and Phil were separated because of Benji’s education.

In Paragraph 4, the underlined word” incited" can be replaced by"__________"

A．caused	B．reminded
C．forced	D．advised

From the passage, it can be inferred that ____________.

A．Phil is willing to help people in need

B．Benji drowned because he could not swim

C．Benji had the same brown eyes as his father

D．the instructors told Phil that Benji was his son

Which of the following shows the right order of the story?
a. Phil and his wife waited for their son on the beach.
b. Benji left his father at the age of eight.
c. Phil saved a boy and recognized he was his own son.
d. Benji recognized his father Phil.
e. Phil saw some people were in trouble and decided to help.

A．a, b, c, e, d	B．b, a, e, c, d
C．a, b, e, d, c	D．b, e, a, d, c