第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1．5分，满分15分)阅读-优题课

For years, researchers have looked into a possible relationship between heat and violence. There are conflicting results over whether there is an actual connection between rising anger and rising temperature, but the murder rate constantly increases during the months of July and August, according to the FBI's annual crime report.
Many police chiefs say they put more policemen on the streets when the heat rises. “Calls for service always increase from May, June, July to August，” said New Bedford's Captain Richard Spiriet. “The longer period of time you have the heat, the worse it is. It's just the opposite in the winter time.”
Craig Anderson, a professor and specialist in social psychology at Iowa State University, argues the evidence is clear. “As the temperature goes up, people become more uncomfortable. They become easier to get angry，” he said. “That increases the possibility that a small conflict will be interpreted as more major.” Anderson conducted a couple of studies looking at crime rates over the course of several years within the same area to see when most violent crimes occurred. He found that violent crimes were more likely to occur on hot days and hot months—even hot years had higher violent rates than cold years, according to his research.
Other researches show it is not so much the physical climate, but rather the social climate, that causes increased violence. “During the summer months, people stay up later. They talk with their neighbours. They party with their friends，” said Jack Levin, director of the Brudnick Centre on Violence and Conflict at Northeastern University. “It is more likely to be large numbers of people interacting, and they are more likely to argue.”
Perhaps the realization that there is a link will help spur people in an argument step back and say “Let's cool off.”—both literally(字面上地) and figuratively(比喻地)．

Title	Heat and violence
Theme	Violence possibly has a ________ with heat.
Facts	☆July and August witness the________ increase of murder rate. ☆More policemen are called in with the heat ________． ☆People get angry more ________ as the temperature goes up.
________ of the research	☆Fewer violent crimes occur on ________ days. ☆The ________ climate causes increased violence. ☆People usually go to________ later during the summer months. ☆It is more likely to be ________ when people chat with each other.
Conclusion	________the link will help people in an argument cool off.

It is not easy to find true friends. Even if you’ve connected with someone, how do you really know he is a true friend? And often you will find that someone who you thought you could trust may have let you down. There are ways you can know if a friendship is true and how you can hold onto that friend.
Generally speaking, a true friend is someone who will be there for you no matter what happens. They will stand by you through bad and good times. They will accept you for who you are without trying to change you, and they will be there to help you grow in new ways.
A true friend will keep you secrets for you trust him. They will be honest and be someone you can depend on. They will listen and be someone you can talk things over with, even if they may not have advice to share with you.
However, friendship is a two-way street. To find true friends and keep them, you must in turn be the same as well. Be there for them in their hard times and share the good times with them. Be someone your friends can depend on as well and offer them the same thing they give to you. A friendship will fall apart fast if only one person is giving and putting all the effort. If you are the only one making an effort, be honest and it works.
Actually, there will be barriers in the road but that is the test of true friendship. If it can survive those barriers, it will be stronger and better than ever. Just as St Thomas Aquinas put it, “There is nothing on this earth more prized than friendship.”

Find a True Friend
The writer’s () on friends	●True friends()come by nowadays. ●Those who you regarded as your friends may make you down.
Characteristics of true friendship	●A true friend will()you whatever happens. ●A true friend will keep your secrets and be a good().
()______ to hold friendship	●()______ with your friends when they are in trouble. ●Be someone who your friends can(). ●()is the key to keep a friendship if you are the only one making efforts.
()_________	●True friendship can stand up to various()and grow stronger and better.

My older brother and I are busy (arrange) a trip to Africa. We will leave London on 15 July, and we’ll be flying to Morocco. We are going to travel on camels the Sahara Desert. After the trip by camel, we’re going to travel down the River Nile. We’ll start at Lake Victoria. A little way down the river from Lake Victoria, the water (actual) gets quite rough. So, we’ll go white-water rafting, is quite dangerous, but very exciting! After white-water rafting, we’re going on a trip to see wild animals in Kenya.
we’ll be walking for almost two weeks, I’ll need to buy a large, strong, light backpack advance to carry my (supply) of food and water. It is so dangerous that our guides will have guns (scare) the animals away if they come too near. I really want to see elephant close up. After that, we’ll be moving on to Tanzania, we’re going to climb Mount Kilimanjaro. The African part of our trip will take about four weeks and we will surely have a happy time.

Many of us invest valuable time，energy and money planning our vacations. We do this because we know for sure that going on vacations must be good for us. Research proves this feeling without a doubt. Vacations help us perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.
Yet, despite these benefits, many of us return home with a feeling that our last vacation was OK --- but not great. In order to change this, some mistakes should be avoided. A classic one for vacation planners is attempting to maximize value for money by planning trips that have too many components (组成部分).Perhaps you’re planning a trip to Europe, seven cities in 10 days，and you realize it will cost only a little more to add two more destinations to the list. It sounds fine in theory, but hopping from one place to the next hardly gives an opportunity to experience what psychologists call mindfulness(留意) --- time to take in our new surroundings, time to be present and absorb our travel experiences. Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues such as how to find a good flight deal，how to get from A to B，or which destinations to add or subtract from our journey. These issues may seem important, but our psychological state of mind is far more important.
Actually, vacation happiness is based on the following top rules. First, choose your travel companions wisely, because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions. Second，don’t spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to keep a positive mood. Third, shop wisely, for meaningful experiences provide more long-term happiness than physical possessions.

Ms. Mary was over eighty, but she still drove her old car like half her age. She loved driving very fast, and boasted of the fact she had never, in her thirty-five years of driving, been punisheda driving mistake.
Then one day, she nearly lost her record. A police car followed her, and the policemen in it saw her pass a red light without (stop).
When Ms. Mary came before the judge, he looked at her severely and said that she was too old to drive a car, and that the reason she had not stopped at red light was most probably that her eyes had become weak old age, so that she had simply not seen it.
When the judge had finished he was saying, Ms. Mary opened the big handbag she was carrying and took out her sewing. Without saying a word, she (choose) a needle with a very small eye, and threaded it at the first time.
When she had (success) done this, she took the thread out of the needle again and handed both the needle and thread to the judge, saying, “Now it is your turn. I suppose you can drive a car well, and you have no doubts your eyesight.”
The judge took the needle and tried to thread it. After half a dozen times, he had still not succeeded. The case against Ms. Mary (dismiss解雇), and her record remained unbroken.