第二节语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读-优题课

The most world famous novel Harry Potter is written by a British gifted __________, J. K. Rowling, who wrote a __________ of seven books. It was said that she had the extra __________ of looking after baby daughter when she was writing the novel and she mainly wrote __________ __________ for __________ of money. So it was difficult for her to be successful and she even might have given up before she overcame all the difficulties. She had __________ to publish a book every year, but __________ __________ it took her about ten years to complete. Finally her books __________ __________ readers of all ages.
And the Harry Potter effect is not only in the English-speaking countries. Her books had been __________ __________ more than 55 languages, and thus, Rowling became the first writer __________ __________ a billionaire.

Weibo, or micro-blogs, the Chinese version of Twitter, has be-come a way of life in China, especially for the young. Our train bumped into something. Our carriage has fallen onto its side. Children are screaming. Come to help us please ！ Come fast ！
This is the first message sent from a high-speed train that crashed on July 23rd，2011 in China's Zhejiang province.
Not only was it a cry for help, which saved tens of lives, but it also contributed to a wave of unprecedented（史无前例的）"citizen journalism" on China's micro-blogs. Within ten hours, the message was reposted over one-hundred-thousand times, which was something the girl, Xiao Yang, who wrote it had never imagined. She said，" I just wanted to survive at that moment, so I posted a message on Weibo. I didn't know it would help us to be rescued so quickly. "After the crash, China's twenty million strong microbloggers demonstrated tremendous （巨大的）and unfamiliar power. They joined rescue efforts, helped survivors and monitored the officials investigating the accident.
As with traditional media, Weibo functions as a mirror on society, sparking debates and enlightening discussions. But what's different about the micro-blogging site is that anyone-not just journa-lists-can take a photo, record a video clip or write a quick note about what is happening around them.
I can fully accept this new Weibo lifestyle. Almost everyone has Weibo now. I read news on Weibo and it helps me with my life. I also write or repost news sometimes.
Clearly, Weibo enables millions of Chinese to become " citizen journalists"，opening them up to fresh news and views on their community, country and world.
This has led to many micro-bloggers keeping a closer eye on the authorities. In response, the government is also using Weibo as a tool to respond to citizens' queries（疑问）. And in Beijing, microbloggers have already left thousands of messages, urging the government to solve problems they consider urgent.
Wang Hui, general director of Beijing Information Office, said，"Weibo has created a platform for government officials to better understand what the citizens are thinking about and what they really need. This bottom-to-top information transmission channel is innovative and will become a new trend for government officials to provide better services for the people. "
But, however compelling （引人注目的）Weibo may be, much information it provides turns out to be rumors. Weibo, as a platform, not only helps the Chinese people express their views, but also trains the government in facing public opinion. Meanwhile, for Xiao Yang, a simple message saved her life. And for millions of others, Weibo means much more than just a simple touch on a smart phone.

Weibo helps Chinese __________ views
Passage outline The Chinese version of Twitter	Supporting details
Weibo has become a new way of life, especially for young __________ in China.
One example__________ how tremendous the power of Weibo is	Process of the event	• A message from a crashed train for __________ appeared on Weibo. • The message was immediately reposted over one-hundred-thousand times. • Rescue efforts were joined __________ millions of micro-bloggers.
Effects and results of the event	• Some people were saved. • A wave of "citizen journalism" was __________ • How officials responded to and dealt with the accident was also monitored.
Comparisons between traditional media and Weibo	__________	They both function as a mirror on society.
Difference	Any micro-blogger can be a __________，who can report what is happening.

Discussion between traditional media and Weibo	• It enables millions of Chinese to become supervisors of society as well as the authorities. • People have new __________ to fresh news and views. • The government feels _______. to make their services more effective.
Something more about Weibo	• It sometimes provides rumors. • It means much more than just a simple touch on the smart phone.

阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在文后第47至第56小题的空格里填上适当的单词并将答案转写到答题卡上。
注意：每空仅填一个单词。
The ancient religions of the Greeks and Romans were based on myths. Originally the word meant “spoken words” or stories. Nowadays myths refer to tales without a kernel of truth, or fantasies.
In nearly every civilization people tried to control their surroundings and the things happening around them to make them less threatening. In prehistoric cultures myths were used to explain natural phenomena. Ancient civilizations saw the earth as the goddess because of its fertility. Other phenomena like wind, lightning and thunder also were brought into connection with supernatural forces. The people felt themselves surrounded by gods and completely dependent.
The Greek myths also originated in that manner, but had more functions. They also explained the beginning of the world and the origin of man. Furthermore, the myths kept alive the memories of the foundation of important cities as well as the heroic deeds of civilizations and individuals. The tales of heroes, human beings with often supernatural capacities, gave men examples of perfection. During the whole Classical Period people believed the myths, but over time they came to be taken less and less seriously.
During the Greek Period myths were spread by word of mouth. The singing of mythical events was an important aspect of religious ritual. Many singers traveled around and sang the tales they heard on their way.
The first collection of myths was the work of Homer. He was blind, and to survive he collected traditional stories and let them been written down by others. The books of his that we know are the Iliad and the Odyssey. The first author to write about the beginning of the world and its deities was Hesiod in the 18the century.

Title: _____ of Myths
Meaning	________	They meant “spoken words” or traditional stories.
Nowadays	They meant something that people believe but which doesn’t _____ or is false.
____ and Status	Prehistoric cultures	They were used to explain aspects of the natural world and supernatural phenomena.
People felt completely dependent on _____.
Classical period	Besides explaining natural phenomena, they also ①explained how the world began and how the man came into ______; ②________ the foundation of important cities and good deeds; ③dealt with supernatural beings and heroes.
People believed in them but were not___ about them gradually.
Forms	Oral myths	They were usually sung in religious rituals or by ___ singers.
____ myths	The representative authors are Homer and Hesiod.

任务型阅读 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号后的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词.
Aspirin has been called a wonder drug because it has so many applications. As opposed to most drugs, which have a single purpose, aspirin is a pain reliever, a fever reducer, and a blood thinner all in one. Scientists didn’t begin to truly understand how aspirin works until the 1970s, but we now know that aspirin prevents cells from producing prostaglandins (前列腺素), chemicals that carry pain messages from damaged cells to the brain.
Preventing prostaglandin production is also how aspirin helps keep blood flowing through the cardiovascular (心脏血管的) system. Aspirin shuts down the production of many types of prostaglandins, one of which causes blood cells to stick together and helps prevent clots (凝块). By preventing this particular prostaglandin’s production, aspirin thins the blood. Many people with heart disease take a low dose of aspirin every day as a preventative measure against heart attacks and strokes. While it’s not known exactly how aspirin reduces fevers, modern physicians and researchers believe that aspirin acts on the hypothalamus (下丘脑), the part of the brain that regulates autonomic functions, including body temperature.
Because of its long history and roots in traditional medicine, aspirin is often thought to be completely safe and harmless, but unfortunately, even a wonder drug can have some downsides. Doctors warn people with clotting problems against taking aspirin, since it can make clotting disorders worse, and it shouldn’t be taken for lengthened periods of time after operations, since it can slow healing by preventing blood from clotting. Aspirin is particularly inadvisable for children, because kids who take aspirin (especially for things like fevers and the flu) are more likely to develop a deadly nervous-system disorder called Reye’s syndrome.
It’s worthwhile keeping a bottle of regular aspirin in the house. Besides coming in handy for various aches and pains, aspirin is also helpful in several household applications.
Aspirin is highly effective at reducing the redness caused by insect bites. Wet the area and put an aspirin tablet on the spot. Cut flowers will last longer if their water includes a crushed-up aspirin tablet. Because it contains salicylic acid, aspirin also works to reduce the appearance of pimples (脓疱). Putting an aspirin paste on a pimple will help dry it out and get rid of the redness.
If you find that your white T-shirts accumulate yellow stains, aspirin can fix those, too. Break a few pills into pieces, mix them with some warm water, and wet the stains with the solution before washing—the aspirin will make the shirts look as good as new. Aspirin has also been recommended for bringing dead car batteries back to life and removing chlorine (氯) buildup from the hair of people who swim frequently in pools.
Considering all the things aspirin can do, modern medicine would be hard pressed to come up with something better.

An Aspirin a Day Keeps Everything Away
Passage outline	Supporting details
Medicinal applications of aspirin	______ pain by preventing cells from producing prostaglandins, which carry pain messages from damaged cells to the brain thinning blood and helping prevent clots by _______ down the production of a particular prostaglandin, which leads to blood cells _________ together reducing fevers by acting on the part of the ________ regulating autonomic functions, body temperature ________
Downsides of aspirin	worsening clotting________slowing healing causing a deadly nervous-system disorder called Reye’s syndrome
________ applications of aspirin	reducing the redness caused by insect bites effectively enabling cut flowers to _______ longer reducing the appearance of pimples removing yellow_______ from white T-shirts bringing dead car batteries back to life removing chlorine buildup from the hair of people swimming ______ in pools

A listener from China has written for advice about how to lose weight. Michael in Shanghai says he is 26 and has battled obesity for most of his life.
Obesity, a severe weight problem, is a complex condition. A doctor may advise taking medicine along with changing one's behaviors. Experts say that the most successful weight-loss plans include a wellbalanced diet and exercise.
People who want to avoid weight gain have to balance the number of calories they eat with the number of calories they use. To lose weight, you can reduce the number of calories you take in, increase the number you use, or both.
A recent study looked at four of the most popular dieting plans in the US. Researchers at Stanford University in California studied over 300 overweight women, mostly in their thirties and forties. Each woman went on one of the four plans: Atkins, The Zone, Ornish or LEARN. The women attended diet classes and received written information about the food plans.
At the end of the year, the women on the Atkins diet had lost the most, more than four and one-half kilograms on average. They also did better on tests for cholesterol levels and blood pressure.
Christopher Gardner, who led the study, says the Atkins diet may be more successful because of its simple message to eat less sugar. He also says that the advice to increase protein in the diet leads to more satisfying meals. He says that there was not enough money to study men, but that men would probably have similar results.
Last week, another report based on thirty-one studies suggested that only a small minority of people have long-term success with dieting. Most dieters regained their lost weight within five years and often they become more overweight. But those who kept the weight off generally were the ones who exercised.
Title: to lose weight

Doctors' advice	●take medicine along with
Experts' plans	●a well-balanced diet: less calories than needed, increase the number you use, or both ●
Four of the most popular dieting plans in the US	●Atkins: eat less sugar than usual and protein in the diet ●The Zone ● ●LEARN
From	●have long-term success with dieting, otherwise most dieters will their lost weight ●exercise is more important than dieting for