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Losing a baby tooth can be fun for a kid. You can put it under your pillow and look forward to finding some money there in the morning. And then you can watch your new permanent(永恒的) tooth grow in its place.
But if a permanent tooth falls out, that’s a problem. There isn’t another one under the gum(齿龈)that can replace it. Unfortunately, this happens to some older people. And if permanent teeth fall out-or need to be pulled-an older person might need dentures.
Dentures, known as false teeth, are a set of replacement teeth for any teeth that are missing. There are partial dentures, which take the place of only a few teeth and prevent the others from changing position. If all the teeth are gone, the person would need complete dentures, which replace every tooth in the mouth.
Dentures can cause pains at first and take some time to get adjusted to. They also need special care. They should be brushed daily with a special denture brush and cleanser and soaked in denture solution when not in the mouth.
Dentures are important for older folks because, without teeth, it’s hard to smile, talk, and eat properly. But it can be a little weird if you see someone take out his or her dentures. It can also be strange to see someone, like a grandparent, without dentures in because he or she won’t have any teeth. Try not to make fun of the person because this could cause hurt feelings.
People usually lose their permanent teeth due to periodontal disease, or gum disease, which is caused by bacteria that attacks the gums. Diseased gums aren’t strong and healthy, so teeth can get loose and fall out. Older people often have many cavities(洞)that have been filled over the years, and these fillings can weaken over time, leading to more tooth decay(腐烂).
If one of your baby teeth falls out, he or she       .

A.should have a false tooth fixed in its place
B.have to put it under your pillow at once
C.will gain a permanent tooth in future
D.can exchange it for some money

A person wearing dentures      .

A.should brush them with a special denture brush every few days
B.will take a very long time to adjust himself or herself to them
C.will experience unpleasant feelings at the beginning of fixing them
D.should use denture solution to soak them in his or her mouth

Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A.Partial dentures can prevent the remaining teeth from changing position.
B.Old people will find it hard to smile, talk, and eat properly without teeth.
C.A person’s teeth will possibly get loose if diseases strike his gums.
D.It is hard for a person to wear dentures if all his teeth have fallen out.

What does the underlined word “weird” mean in the fifth paragraph?

A.inconvenient B.strange C.uncomfortable D.impolite
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A new study done by the Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario (HEQCO) shows that it doesn't make much of a difference that parents reward their children with cash for their better marks.
Many parents have offered cash to their children in the hope that it would improve marks and possibly raise their children's interest in achieving higher marks.
The study, conducted by researchers from the University of Toronto (UT) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to learn more about the potential for financial encouragement as motivation for improved marks, involved first and second year students receiving financial aid in 2008-2009 at the University of Toronto Scarborough.
The top students participating in the study who said they were "very concerned" about having enough money to complete their degrees were to receive $100 for getting a grade of 70 per cent for each one-semester course, plus $20 for every percentage point beyond that.It was imaginable that a student could earn as much as $700 for achieving 100 percent in a course.
Harvey Weingarten, president and CEO of HEQCO said, "In its efforts to help disadvantaged students by exploring the idea of paying them to attend school, the Toronto District School Board (TDSB) is asking the same question many other districts are asking about how to improve student participation and performance.Our study and others to date indicate that this practice has little effect if any in those situations where it has been tested."
The authors of the study suggest that ineffective study habits may be a barrier to academic achievement and that the real problem may be more a lack of academic preparation than a lack of effort or motivation.They note that the availability of peer (同伴) advising does not appear to have helped greatly.They conclude that other potential avenues to improving performance, or other approaches of teaching, are needed at the high school and postsecondary levels.
If a student gets a grade of 85% in a course, he will get _____.

A.$100 B.$300 C.$400 D.$700

The underlined words "this practice" in Paragraph 5 refer to _____.

A.improving student participation
B.seeking help from different districts
C.paying disadvantaged students to attend school
D.testing student performance in the same district

The real problem with student participation and performance is most probably a lack of____.

A.academic preparation B.effort or motivation
C.teaching methods D.peer advising

What is mainly discussed in the passage?

A.Many parents have offered cash to their children.
B.Many first and second year students receive financial aid.
C.Ineffective study habits lead to poor academic achievement.
D.Rewarding students with cash for good grades has little effect

With eco-tourism on the rise, eco-hotels are fast becoming the darling of the travel industry. These days, however, staying at an eco-hotel doesn’t necessarily mean vacationing in a tree house in the Costa Rican jungle, although that is certainly a choice.
The majority of eco-hotels fall into one of several categories: hotels and resorts that conserve ecologically important habitats; “green” hotels that reduce, recycle, minimize waste, and protect water; sustainable hotels that harvest food from gardens on the hotel property or get part of all their power from renewable energy; hotels that encourage community involvement such as guests taking part in trail clearing; and hotels that offer some form of environmental education to their guests.
As such, eco-hotels are a various group. Stylish urban hotels like the Willard Inter-Continental Washington focus on energy conservation whereas the Rosario Resort&Spa on Orcas Island in Washington State offers a wildly popular “green” vacation package where guests can “take a hike, clear a trail”.
No matter what you call them, eco-hotel, eco-lodge, eco-resort, or green hotel, they’re part of the “greening” of the tourism industry.
Part of what drives this greening of the hotel industry is no doubt competition. Going green is yet another way to distinguish a hotel from the mass of other excellent hotels that consumers have to choose from. But for many hotels, it’s also part of their philosophy. With the concept of “going green” firmly rooted in consumers’ minds, eco-hotels have taken it to the next level, and whether or not money is the driving factor behind the greening of the hotel industry doesn’t matter so much as it’s good for the planet.
The underlined part in the first paragraph means _______.

A.lovers like staying at an eco-hotel when traveling
B.eco-hotels are very much loved by the travel industry
C.people choose to stay in a tree house while vacationing
D.romantic love stories often happen in eco-hotels

According to the passage, which of the following can be part of the idea of eco-hotel?

A.It has wall of glass.
B.It is comfortable and fashionable.
C.It uses renewable energy.
D.It’s home to endangered species.

From the passage, we know the Rosario Resort&Spa is a kind of hotel that____

A.conserves ecologically important habitats.
B.encourages its guests to participate in its greening activities.
C.harvests food from its own garden on its property
D.has courses on the environment for its guests.

People who choose to stay at eco-hotels ______.

A.love to take a hike
B.enjoy the green atmosphere
C.have environmental awareness.
D.want to live comfortably

There is plenty for kids and teens to do in the Syracuse area during the summer, including some great educational opportunities. Here are the top four.
Rosamond Gifford Zoo Camp
The zoo offers separate camps for kids. The camps for kindergarteners run from 9 am to 12:30 pm, and cost $115 for zoo members and $135 for non-members. Kids entering 7th and 8th grades will have half a day from 1 pm to 4:30 pm. The cost is $149 for members and $160 for non-members. All camps feature numerous educational activities and animal encounters. The camps run from August 14 to August 19. Registration starts from July 10 for members and July 15 for non-members.
Active Learning Services at Christian Brothers Academy
From August 1 to August 5, Christian Brothers Academy will host Active Learning Services from USA Chess. Topics of learning will include Chess Camp (age 5-15), and Video Game Creation Program (age 8-15). Chess Camp promises improved chess skills through chess instructors utilizing demo(演示) boards and historic games. Half day sessions will cost $280 for the Computer Camps. A full day of Chess costs $400, and a half day of Chess followed by a half day of Computer Camps cost $430.
Syracuse University Summer College
From July 5th to August 12th , Syracuse University will host pre-college programs for high school students. The Summer College will offer a wide variety of programs including architecture, engineering and computer science, public communications, and eco-fashion. The programs are taught by the teachers of Syracuse University and include hands-on activities. The costs range from $2325 to $7642.
The Sheldon Institute at SUNY Oswego
The State University of New York will hold two-week educational enrichment programs for students entering grades2-4 from July 25 to August 5. Children will have a set program featuring art, science, technology, cultural appreciation and writing. Tuition for the programs is only $320 and a downloadable application is available.
If a preschool boy and his 8th-grade brother attend the Zoo Camps, they should pay___________.

A.$264 B.$275 C.$295 D.It depends.

When should a child start to attend the Zoo Camps?

A.On July 10. B.On July 15. C.On August 14. D.On August 19

What do we know about the Chess Camp from the passage?

A.It will last for two weeks.
B.Only children aged 8-15 can attend it.
C.Whole day sessions will cost $250 for it.
D.Children can learn improved chess skills through it.

Where can children attend the largest number of programs with low cost?

A.Christian Brothers Academy B.Rosamond Gifford Zoo
C.The Sheldon Institute D.Syracuse University

A group of graduates, successful in their careers, got together to visit their old university professor.Conversation soon turned into complaints about stress in work and life.
Before offering his guests coffee, the professor went to the kitchen and returned with a large pot of coffee and a variety of cups-porcelain, plastic, glass, crystal, some plain looking and cheap, some exquisite and expensive-telling them to help themselves to the coffee.
When all the students had a cup of coffee in hand, the professor said: "If you noticed, all the nice looking expensive cups were taken up, leaving behind the plain and cheap ones.While it is normal for you to want only the best for yourselves, that is the source of your problems and stress.Be assured that the cup itself adds no quality to the coffee.In most cases it is just more expensive and in some cases even hides what we drink.What all of you really wanted was coffee, not the cup, but you consciously went for the best cups...And then you began eyeing each other's cups.
Now consider this: Life is the coffee; the jobs, money and position in society are the cups.They are just tools to hold and contain Life, and the type of cup we have does not define, nor change the quality of Life we live.Sometimes, by concentrating only on the cup, we fail to enjoy the coffee God has provided us."
God brews the coffee, not the cups.Enjoy your coffee!
"The happiest people don't have the best of everything.They just make the best of everything."
Live simply.Love generously.Care deeply.Speak kindly.Leave the rest to God.
What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A.the ordinary-looking cup B.the nice-looking cup
C.the coffee of good quality D.the coffee of poor quality

Why did the professor offer his students coffee with varieties of cups?

A.To give his students many more choices.
B.To teach his students how to enjoy coffee.
C.To show the students his collection of cups.
D.To tell his students the right attitude to life

According to the professor, the happiest people are the ones who _____.

A.get the best type of coffee cups B.make the best of what they have
C.have a wide range of coffee cups D.care about social status and wealth

The best title for the passage would be _____.

A.God's Coffee B.The Pressure of Life
C.The Happiest People D.Professor's Coffee Cups

A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods: change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities and food experiences. “One week later,” Loftus says, “we told those people we'd fed their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail. “You got sick after eating strawberry ice-cream.” The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人为促成的) memory through leading questions --- Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study, up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they'd avoid eating it.
When Loftus published her findings, she started getting calls from people begging her to make them remember hating chocolate or French fries. Unfortunately, it's not that easy. False memories appear to work only for foods you don't eat on a regular basis. But most importantly, it is likely that false memories can be implanted (灌输) only in people who are unaware of the mental control. And lying to a patient is immoral(不道德的), even if a doctor believes it's for the patient's benefit.
Loftus says there's nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children. “I say, wake up --- parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years, and nobody seems to mind. If they can prevent diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that, you might think that's more moral lie. Decide that for yourself.”
Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions?

A.To improve her computer program.
B.To find out details she can make use of.
C.To find out their attitudes towards food.
D.To predict what food they'll like in the future.

What did Loftus find out from her research?

A.People believe what the computer tells them.
B.People tend to forget their childhood experiences.
C.People can be led to believe in something false.
D.People are not always aware of their personalities.

According to the study, people may stop having a certain food if they _______.

A.think they once had a bad experience of eating it
B.learn it is harmful for health
C.lie to themselves that they don't want it
D.are willing to let doctors control their minds

What is the biggest concern with the method?

A.Who it is best for B.When it is effective.
C.How it should be used. D.Whether it is moral.

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