People have been painting pictures for at least 30,000 years. The earliest pictures were painted by people who hunted animals. They used to paint pictures of the animals they wanted to catch and kill. Pictures of this kind have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain. No one knows why they were painted there. Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures would help them to catch these animals. Or perhaps human beings have always wanted to tell stories in pictures.
About 5,000 years ago, the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures as kind of writing. They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also to represent the sounds of their language. The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet.
The Egyptians used to record information and to tell stories by putting picture-writing and pictures together. When an important person died, scenes and stories from his life were painted and carved on the walls of the place where he was buried. Some of these pictures are like modern comic strip stories. It has been said that Egypt is the home of the comic strip. But, for the Egyptians, pictures still had magic power. So they did not try to make their way of writing simple. The ordinary people could not understand it.
By the year 1,000 BC, people who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea had developed a simpler system of writing. The signs they used were very easy to write, and there were fewer of them than in the Egyptian system. This was because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language. The Greeks developed this system and formed the letters of the Greek alphabet. The Romans copied the idea, and the Roman alphabet is now used all over the world.
These days, we can write down a story, or record information, without using pictures. But we still need pictures of all kinds: drawing, photographs, signs and diagrams. We find them everywhere: in books and newspapers, in the street, and on the walls of the places where we live and work. Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily, and they can make a story much more interesting. Pictures of animals were painted on the walls of caves in France and Spain because ______.
| A.the hunters wanted to see the pictures |
| B.the painters were animal lovers |
| C.the painters wanted to show imagination |
| D.the pictures were thought to be helpful |
The Greek alphabet was simpler than the Egyptian system for all the following reasons EXCEPT that _______.
| A.the former was easy to write |
| B.there were fewer signs in the former |
| C.the former was easy to pronounce |
| D.each sign stood for only one sound |
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
| A.The Egyptian signs later became a particular alphabet. |
| B.The Egyptians liked to write comic-strip stories. |
| C.The Roman alphabet was developed from the Egyptian one. |
| D.The Greeks copied their writing system from the Egyptians. |
In the last paragraph, the author thinks that pictures ___________.
| A.should be made comprehensible |
| B.should be made interesting |
| C.are of much use in our life |
| D.have disappeared from our life |

Why did the BeauxArts style attract American entrepreneurs?
| A.It helped display their money status. |
| B.It was created by famous architects. |
| C.It was named after a famous institute. |
| D.It represented the 19th century urban culture. |
What is unique of SieMatic BeauxArts?
| A.Its designs are anti-conventional. |
| B.Its designs come from famous structures. |
| C.Its customers can enjoy their own composition. |
| D.Its customers can choose from various new styles. |
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
Kids and Ponds
Years ago there was a group of kids who would hang around at some local ponds in the woods near their houses in Warwick, Rhode Island. In summer they caught frogs and fish. When winter arrived they couldn't wait to go skating. Time passed, and the ponds became the only open space for the kids to enjoy themselves in that neighborhood.
One day. a thirteen-year-old boy from this group of kids read in the local newspaper that a developer wanted to fill in the ponds and build over a hundred small houses called condominiums. So the boy went door to door and gathered more than two hundred signatures (签名)to stop the development A group of citizens met and decided to support him.
At the meeting of the town planning board (委员会),the boy was quite nervous at first and spoke very softly. But when he saw the faces of his friends and neighbors in the crowd and thought about what was happening to their favorite ponds,his voice grew louder. He told the town officials that they should speak for the citizens. He also insisted that they should leave enough space for children. A few days later,the developer stopped his plan.
Nine years later, when that teen was a senior in college, he was informed that the developer was back with his proposal to build condominiums. Now twenty-two years old, he was studying wetlands ecology. He again appeared before the town planning board. This time as an expert witness, he used environmental protection laws to explain restrictions on development in and around wetlands and the knowledge of wetlands ecology to help improve the development. Finally some condominiums were built, but less than half the number the developer wanted. The ponds where those kids used to hang around were protected by a strip of natural land,and are still there today.
| 1. |
What did the kids like to do at the local ponds in winter? |
| 2. |
How did the boy win the citizens' support? |
| 3. |
What did the boy tell the town officials? |
| 4. |
What helped the boy to protect the ponds successfully nine years later? |
The behaviour of a building’s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放)by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own — though extremely important- is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.
The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率),which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.
‘Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,’explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher,‘consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design. ’In other words,old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home.
Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill-payers don’t have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits. Without specific information,it’s hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback (反馈) facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors,could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.
Social science research has added a further dimension (方面),suggesting that individuals’behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted 一 whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒温器) , for example.
Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of________.
| A. zero-carbon homes | B.the behaviour of building users |
| C. sustainable building design | D.the reduction of carbon emissions |
The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to”________.”
| A.the ways | B.their homes |
| C. developments | D.existing efforts |
What are Katy Janda’s words mainly about?
| A. The importance of changing building users, habits. |
| B. The necessity of making a careful building design. |
| C. The variety of consumption patterns of building users. |
| D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency. |
The information gap in energy use _______.
| A. can be bridged by feedback facilities |
| B. affects the study on energy monitors |
| C. brings about problems for smart meters |
| D. will be caused by building users’ old habits |
What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?
| A. The social science research is to be furthered. |
| B. The education programme is under discussion. |
| C. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable. |
| D. The behaviour preference of building users is similar. |
In the mid-1950s, I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that doing any more than necessary was wasted effort. One day, this approach threw me into embarrassment
In Mrs. Totten’s eighth-grade math class at Central Avenue School in Anderson, Indiana, we were learning to add and subtract decimals (小数).
Our teacher typically assigned daily homework, which would be recited in class the following day. On most days, our grades were based on our oral answer to homework questions.
Mrs. Totten usually walked up and down the rows of desks requesting answers from student after student in the order the questions had appeared on our homework sheets. She would start either at the front or the back of the classroom and work toward the other end.
Since I was seated near the middle of about 35 students, it was easy to figure out which questions I might have to answer. This particular time, I had completed my usual two or three problems according to my calculations.
What I failed to expect was that several students were absent, which threw off my estimate. As Mrs. Totten made her way from the beginning of the class,I desperately tried to determine which math problem I would get. I tried to work it out before she got to me, but I had brain freeze and couldn’t function.
When Mrs. Totten reached my desk,she asked what answer I’d got for problem No. 14. “I…I didn’t get anything,” I answered,and my face felt warm.
“Correct,” she said.
It turned out that the correct answer was zero.
What did I learn that day? First, always do all your homework. Second, in real life it isn’t always what you say but how you say it that matters. Third,I would never make it as a mathematician.
If I could choose one school day that taught me the most, it would be that one.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 indicate?
| A. It is wise to value one’s time. |
| B. It is important to make an effort |
| C. It is right to stick to one’s belief. |
| D. It is enough to do the necessary. |
Usually, Mrs. Totten asked her students to _______.
| A. recite their homework together |
| B. grade their homework themselves |
| C. answer their homework questions orally |
| D. check the answers to their homework questions |
The author could work out which questions to answer since the teacher always _______.
| A. asked questions in a regular way |
| B. walked up and down when asking questions |
| C. chose two or three questions for the students |
| D. requested her students to finish their usual questions |
The author failed to get the questions he had expected because _______.
| A. the class didn’t begin as usual |
| B. several students didn’t come to school |
| C. he didn’t try hard to make his estimate |
| D. Mrs. Totten didn’t start from the back of the class |
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
| A. An Unforgettable Teacher |
| B. A Future Mathematician |
| C. An Effective Approach |
| D. A Valuable Lesson |
Want to improve your writing skills? New Writing South is directing the way!
·Towner Writer Squad (班组)for kids aged 13-17
Led by comedy and TV writer, Marian Kilpatrick, Towner Writer Squad will meet once a month at the contemporary art museum for 11 months, starting 12 October, 2014.
The FREE squad sessions will include introductions to a wide range of writing styles, from poetry to play writing and lyrics (抒情诗)to flash fiction, to support the development of young writers.
Application & Selection
If you would like to apply to be part of the Towner Writer Squad, please send a sample piece of your writing (about 500 words), responding to the title‘LUNCH,’with your name, age, address and e-mail address to: debo@newwritingsouth.com.
Once all applications are in, you will be invited to an open selection event on 17 September,4-5pm, at the gallery of Towner. This will be an informal opportunity to meet the Squad Leader, Squad Associate and other young people.
You will also have a chance to get to know the fantastic gallery space and get a taste of what’s to come.
Deadline for applications: 8 September, 2014
For further information go to: facebook.com/towner or towner.org.uk or newwritingsouth.com
Any questions 一 feel free to send your e-mail to Towner Writer Squad Associate: whame@towner.gov.uk
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·Beginner Writing Project for kids aged 10-13
Due to popular demand, a writing project will be started for eager beginners.
Start time: 6 September, 2014
Meet every other Saturday,2-4pm, at the Towner Study Centre.
Study and write at your own pace 一 you do not have to rush 一 as you have a year to go through the project. Practise under the guidance of some experienced writers and teachers who can help you with basic writing skills. Most importantly, build confidence and have fun while writing!
No previous experience or special background is required. Many others have been successful this way. If they can do it, why can’t you?
Fee: £179
For more information go to: newtowner.org.uk or generate.org.ukTowner Writer Squad will be started _______.
| A. to train comedy and TV writers |
| B. to explore the fantastic gallery space |
| C. to introduce a contemporary art museum |
| D. to promote the development of young writers |
To join the Writer Squad,each applicant should first _______.
| A. provide a piece of their writing |
| B. meet the Writer Squad Leader |
| C. offer their family information |
| D. complete an application form |
Applications for the Writer Squad should be e-mailed no later than _______.
| A. 6 September, 2014 |
| B. 8 September, 2014 |
| C. 17 September, 2014 |
| D. 12 October, 2014 |
What is most important for the beginners?
| A. Practising as much as possible. |
| B. Gaining confidence and having fun. |
| C. Studying and writing at their own pace. |
| D. Learning skills from writers and teachers. |
More information about Beginner Writing Project can be found at _______.
| A. facebook.com/towner |
| B. newwritingsouth.com |
| C. newtowner.org.uk |
| D. towner.org.uk |