Less TV Reduce Kids Weight
PALO AITO, California—“Switching off the television may help prevent children from getting fatter—even if they do not change their diet or increase the amount they exercise,” US researchers said last week.
A study of 192 third and fourth grades, generally aged eight and nine, found that children who cut the number of hours spent watching television gained nearly two pounds （0.91 kg） less over a one-year period than those who did not change their television diet.
“The findings are important because they show that weight loss can only be the result of a reduction in television viewing and not any other activity,” said Thomas Robinson, a pediatrician （儿科专家）at Stanford University.
“ American children spend an average of more than four hours per day watching television and videos or playing games, and rates of childhood being very fat have doubled over the past 20 years,” Robinson said.
In the study, presented this week to the Pediatric Academic Societies’ annual meeting in San Francisco, the researchers persuaded about 100 of the students to reduce their television viewing by one-quarter to one-third.
Children watching fewer hours of television showed a significantly smaller increase in waist size and had less body fat than other students who continue their normal television viewing, even though neither group ate a special diet nor took part in any extra exercise.
“One explanation for the weight loss could be the children unstuck to the television may simply have been moving around and burning off calories,” Robinson said.
“Another reason might be due to eating fewer meals in front of the television. Some studies have suggested that eating in front of the TV encourages people to eat more,” Robinson added. The author tries to tell us in the first two paragraphs that ____.
| A．children will get fatter if they eat too much. |
| B．children will get thinner if they eat less. |
| C．children will get fatter if they spend less time watching TV. |
| D．children will get fatter if they spend more time watching TV. |
According to the passage, the time American children usually spend on watching TV ____.
| A．is more than four hours a day. | B．is less than four hours a day. |
| C．doubled in the last twenty years. | D．is more than on any other activities. |
Which of the following is right ?
| A．Children usually eat fewer while watching TV. |
| B．Children usually eat more while watching TV. |
| C．Children eat the same amount of meals while watching TV. |
| D．Children usually eat nothing while watching TV. |
Why can watching TV increase kids’ weight according to the passage ?
| A．They usually eat more while watching TV. |
| B．They burn off fewer calories. |
| C．They change their diet while watching TV. |
| D．Both A and B |
三：阅读理解（共25小题；每小题2分，满分50分）
Eye Facts
There are many commonly held beliefs about eyesight that are not proven facts. For example, some people believe that wearing glasses too soon weakens the eyes. But there is no evidence to show that the structure（结构）of eyes is changed by wearing glasses at young age. Wearing the wrong glasses, however, can prove harmful. Studies show that for adults there is no danger, but children can develop loss of sight if they have glasses unsuitable for their eyes.
We have all heard some of the common myths about how eyesight gets b
ad. Most people believe that reading in weak light causes poor eyesight, but that is untrue. Too little light makes the eyes work harder, so they do get tired and strained. Eyestrain also results from reading a lot, reading in bed, and watching too much television. However, although eyestrain may cause some pain or headaches, it does not damage eyesight in the long term.
Another myth about eyes is that they can be replaced, or transplanted from one person to another. There are close to one million nerve fibers（神经纤维）that connect the eyeball to the brain; as of yet, it is impossible to connect them all in a new person. Only certain parts of the eye can be replaced. But if we keep clearing up the myths and learning more about the eyes, someday a full transplant may be possible!
1. This passage is mostly about __________.
A. different types of eye problems B. myths about eyesight
C. beliefs of eye doctors D. eye transplants
2. One cause of eyestrain mentioned in the passage is __________.
A. wearing glasses too long B. suffering from pain or headaches
C. reading in poor light D. reading before going to bed
3. From the passage we can conclude that __________.
A. doctors are still learning things about eyesight
B. wearing wrong glasses is less harmful to adults
C. eye transplants have been performed successfully
D. people should not wear glasses at young age
第二部分阅读理解（共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A very important world problem---- in fact, I tend to say it is the most important of all the great world problems which face us at present time----is the rapidly increasing pressure of population on land and on land resources.
It is not so much the actual population of the world but its rate of increase, which is the most important. It works out to be about 1.6 percent net annual increase. In terms of numbers this means something like 40 to 55 million additional people very year. Canada has a population of 20 million, rather less 6 months’ climb in world population. And there are 10 million people in Australia. So, it takes the world less than three moths to add to itself a population, a population of that vast country. Let us come to our own crowded country---- England and Wales; 45--50 million people---- just about a year’s supply. By this time tomorrow, and every day, there will be added to the earth about 120, 000 extra people---- just about the population of the city of York.
I am not talking about birthrate. This is net increase. To give you some idea of birthrate, look at the second hand of your watch. Every second three babies are born somewhere in the world. Another baby! Another baby! Another baby! You cannot speak quickly enough to keep pace with the birthrate.
This enormous increase of population will create immense problems. By 2010 A. D., unless something desperate happens, there will be as many as 7,000, 000, 000 people on the surface of this earth! So this is a problem which you are going to see in your lifetime.
1．The topic for the passage is _________.
A．The Lack of Land Resources B．Population Explosion
C．Your Lifetime D．The Birthrate
2．According to the author, _________ is the most important for population pressure.
A．the net increase rate B．the birthrate
C．the enormous amount of world population D．the population explosion in Australia
3．It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that ________.
A．in more than 6 months, to the world population 20 million will be added
B．three months later, to the population in the world 10 million will be added
C．in less than three months, to the world population 10 million will be added
D．one year later, the population of England and Wales will be doubled
4．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．After 24 hours, 120 thousand babies were born
B．The birthrate is 180 babies every minute.
C．During a year, about 45 million people are born.
D．After a day, York will have 120, 000 extra people.
5．“…something desperate happens” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by _________.
A．the world wars break out B．people are in despair
C．birth control policy is adopted
D．people realize the seriousness of the population problem
第II卷
注意事项：
1. 用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题纸上。2. 本卷共6小题，共35分。
第三部分：写作
第一节阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，并根据题目要求用英语回答问题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
Several years ago, while attending a communication course, I experienced a most unusual process. The instructor asked us to list anything in our past that we felt ashamed of, regretted or incomplete about and read our lists aloud.
This seemed like a very private process, but there’s always some brave soul in the crowd who will volunteer. The instructor then suggested that we find ways to make an apology to people, or take some action to right any wrong doings. I was seriously wondering how this could ever improve my communication.
Then the man next to me raised his hand and volunteered this story: “Making my list, I remembered an incident from high school. I grew up in a small town. There was a Sheriff that none of us kids liked. One night, my two buddies and I decided to play a trick on him.
After drinking a few beers, we climbed the tall water tank in the middle of the town, and wrote on the tank in bright red paint: Sheriff Brown is an s.o.b. (畜生). The next day, almost the whole town saw our glorious sign. Within two hours, Sheriff Brown had us in his office. My friends told the truth but I lied. No one ever found out.”
“Nearly 20 years later, Sheriff Brown’s name appears on my list. I didn’t even know if he was still alive. Last weekend, I dialed the information in my hometown and found there was a Roger Brown still listed. I tried his number. After a few rings, I heard, “Hello?” I said, “Sheriff Brown?” paused. “Yes.” “Well, this is Jimmy Calkins.”
“And I want you to know that I did it？”Paused. “I knew it!” he yelled back. We had a good laugh and a lively discussion. His closing words were: “Jimmy, I always felt bad for you because your buddies got it off their chest, but you were carrying it around all these years. I want to thank you for calling me for your sake.”
Jimmy inspired me to clear up all 101 items on my list within two years, and I always remember what I learned from the course: It’s never too late to right the past wrongdoings.
56. What was the uneasy part of communication course about for the writer?
____________________________________________________________________________
57. Please explain the underlined word “buddies” in English.
_________________________________________________________________________
58. Please state one of your wrongdoings and how to right it.
____________________________________________________________________________
59. Why did Sheriff Brown pause twice before he could carry on the telephone conversation?
____________________________________________________________________________
60. What does the writer learn from the course?
_________________________________________________________________________
How can you find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening the patient’s body up? Regular X rays can show a lot. CAT scans can show even more. They can give a complete view of body organs.
What is a CAT scan? CAT stands for a kind of machine. It is a special X-ray machine that gets a 360-degree picture of a small area of a patient’s body.
Doctors use X rays to study and determine diseases and injuries within the body; X rays can find a foreign object inside the body or take pictures of some inside organs to be X-rayed.
A CAT scanner, however, uses a group of X rays to give a cross-sectional view of a specific part of the body. A fine group of X rays in scanned across the body and around the patient from many different directions. A computer studies the information from each direction and produces a clear cross-sectional picture on a screen. This picture is then photographed for later use. Several cross sections, taken one after another, can give clear “photos” of the entire body or of any body organs. The newest CAT scanners can even give clear pictures of active, moving organs, just as a fast-action camera can “stop the action”, giving clear pictures of what appears unclear to the eye. And because of the 360-degree pictures, CAT scans show clear and complete views of organs in a manner that was once only shown during operation or examination of a dead patient.
Frequent appearance before X rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. Yet CAT scans actually don’t cause the patient to more radiation than regular X rays do. CAT scans can also be done without getting something harmful into the patient, so they are less risky than regular X rays.
CAT scans provide exact, detailed information. They can quickly find such a thing as bleeding inside the brain. They are helping to save lives.
1．What is NOT true of a CAT scan?
A．It is safer than regular X rays. B．It makes use of computer techniques.
C．It can stop the action of an organ for a short time.
D．It gives clear pictures of active, moving body parts.
2．The underlined words “a foreign object”（Para 3）most probably refer to .
A．a badly injured part inside the body B．a new thing that is unknown to the doctor
C．a strange organ that has grown in the body D．an object that gets inside the body by chance
3．What is the special use of the latest CAT scanners?
A．It provides clear photos of moving organs.
B．It can take 3-dimension pictures of inside organs.
C．It won’t cause serious skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.
D．It helps to find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening it up.
4．We can infer from this passage that .
A．patients in front of CAT may suffer from a bit of radiation
B．doctors need no opening-up of the body with CAT scanners
C．CAT scanners are more expensive than regular X-ray machines
D．CAT scanners can take photos of either the whole body or a part of it
5．The best title of this passage might be.
A．the Newest Medical Invention
B．New X-ray Machine to Save Lives
C．How to Avoid the Damage of X Rays
D．Advantages and Disadvantages of CAT Scanners
Last year, on report card day, my son and a bunch of his 13-year-old friends piled into the back seat of my car, ready for the last-day-of-school party at McDonald’s. “Jack got a laptop for getting straight A’s, and Laurie got a cellphone,” one boy said. “Oh, yeah, and Sarah got an iPod Nano, and she’s only in third grade,” said another. “And how about Brian? He got $ 10 for each A.”
I suddenly became concerned. These payoffs might get parents through grammar school, but what about high school and beyond? What would be left after the electric guitar, the cellphone, and the portable DVD player?
I saw the road ahead: As the homework load increased, my income would decrease. I saw my comfortable lifestyle vanish before my eyes-no more of those $ 5 bags of already-peeled organic carrots. No more organic anything!
I started to feel surprised and nervous. Would every goal attained by my two children fetch a reward? A high grade point average? A good class ranking? Would sports achievements be included in this reward system: soccer goals, touchdowns, runs-batted-in? What about orchestra? Would first chair pay more than second? I’d be penniless by eighth-grade graduation.
“We never paid anything for good grades,” said my neighbor across the street, whose son was recently accepted at MIT. “He just did it on his own. Maybe once in a while we went out for pizza, but that’s about it.”
Don’t you just hate that? We’re all running around looking for the MP3 player with the most updates, and she’s spending a few dollars on pizza. She gets motivation; we get negotiation.
1．The sentence “As the homework load increased, my income would decrease.” in the third paragraph probably means _____________.
A．taking care of the children would influence my work
B．I would spend more money on my children’s homework
C．reducing children’s homework load would cost me a lot
D．more rewards would be needed as the children grew up
2．We can tell from the passage that the author’s son was in ___________.
A．primary school B．junior middle school C．high school D．university
3．It can be inferred from the passage that ____________.
A．if you pay the children for good grades, they would take it for granted
B．if you buy children pizza for good grades, they would work harder
C．children would not ask for rewards when they enter high school
D．children would not ask for rewards when they enter university
4．The example of the author’s neighbor shows that ____________.
A．pizza is the best way to motivate children
B．reward is not the only way to motivate children
C．the author’s neighbor was very poor
D．the author’s neighbor’s son didn’t like reward
5．What is the author’s attitude toward paying children reward for good grades?
A．Favorable B．Ambiguous C．Disagreeable D．Unknowable