Pupils are ordered not to wade into ankle-deep water unless teachers first carry out a full risk assessment and put“proper measures in place”.
Staff are expected to check rivers, ponds and the sea for currents and rocks before allowing children to dip their feet.
Guidance issued to schools warns that any“impromptu (事先无准备的) water-based activities”could pose dangers to children.
The recommendations were outlined in a document-available to all 21,000 schools in England — to help teachers organize more school trips. Advice from the Department for Children, Schools and Families is intended to cut red tape (官样文章) and give staff practical tips.
But the guidance caused argument after teachers were presented with a series of orders surrounding swimming and the use of minibuses.
It said:“Swimming and padding or otherwise entering the waters of river, canal, sea or lake should never be allowed as an impromptu activity. The pleas of young people to bathe — because it is hot weather, for example, should be resisted where bathing has not been prepared for.”
“In-water activities should take place only when a proper risk assessment has been completed and proper measures put in place to control the risks.”
Teachers are urged to check the weather, currents, weeds, rip tides, river or sea beds and breakwaters before allowing children into the water. No child should be able to swim deeper than waist height, the guidance added.
Margaret Morrissey, from campaign group Parents Outloud, said:“Wading out into the ocean is one thing but there’s nothing wrong with padding where the waves break.” 
“Part of children’s learning is to walk along the water’s edge and get your feet wet. There are dangerous currents further out and you stay at the edge.”
She added:“I want to see schools and youth groups taking advantage of opportunities that learning outside the classroom can provide.”
But the Department for Children, Schools and Families said teachers had to plan activities carefully.
“We are not banning padding,”said a spokeswoman.“We have seen cases in the past where things have not been planned and assessed for the risk. Unplanned activities around water can be dangerous.”
67.Guidance issued to schools in England gives the information that _________.
 A.school trips to oceans are forbidden in the country
 B.school swimming pools should be surrounded with fence
 C.school staff must plan water-based activities carefully
 D.school children shouldn’t have a walk along river banks
68.Advice from the Department for Children, Schools and Families shows us that _________.
 A.they are strongly against the guidance 
 B.they are fond of the outline of the guidance
 C.they don’t understand the aim of the guidance
 D.they want the guidance to become more useful
69.To the guidance, Margaret Morrissey holds the opinion that _________.
 A.oceans are dangerous place for children to visit
 B.young people should be encouraged to learn outside
 C.children should learn padding in rough ocean alone
 D.schools should stop students from walking along beaches
70.Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?
 A.No padding on school trips, children told.           
 B.No walking along the rivers, teachers told.
 C.No swimming after school, parents told.
 D.No learning out of school, students told.
A
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 Basic Photography
 This is an eight-hour course for beginners who want to learn how to use a 35mm camera. The teacher will cover such areas as kinds of film, light, and lenses(镜头). Bring your own 35mm camera to the class.
 Course Charge: $150
 Jan. 10, 12, 17, 19, Tues. & Thurs. 6-8p.m.
 Marianne Adams is a professional photographer whose photographs appear in many magazines.
 Understanding Computers
 This twelve-hour course is for people who don’t know very much about computers, but who need to learn about them. You will learn what computers are, what they can and can’t do, and how to use them.
 Course Charge: $75
 Equipment Charge: $10
 Jan. 7, 14, 21, 28, Sat. 9-12 a.m.
 Joseph Saimders is a professor of computer science at New Urban University. He has over twelve years of experience in the computer field.
 Stop Smoking
 Do you want to stop smoking? Have you already tried to stop and failed? Now it is the time to stop smoking using the latest methods. You can stop smoking, and this twelve-hour course will help you do it.
 Course Charge: $30
 Jan. 4, 11, 18, 25 Mon. 4-7 p.m.
 Dr.John Goode is a practicing psychologist(心理学家)who has helped hundreds of people stop smoking.
 Typing
 This course on weekdays is for those who want to type as well as those who want to improve their typing. You are tested in the first class and practice at one of eight different skill levels. This allows you to learn at your own speed. Each program lasts 20 hours. Bring your own paper.
 Course Charge: $125
 Materials Charge: $25
 Two hours each evening for two weeks.
 This course is taught by a number of business education teachers who have successfully taught typing courses before.The word “professional” in this advertisement most probably means “_____”
| A.spiritual | B.journalist | C.professor | D.experienced | 
The shortest course is _____.
| A.Basic Photography | 
| B.Understanding Computers | 
| C.Stop Smoking | 
| D.Typing | 
A course which can do something good for your health will cost____.
| A.$50 | B.$30 | C.$10 | D.$125 | 
There are typing courses_____.
| A.on Saturdays and Sundays | 
| B.from Monday to Friday | 
| C.from Monday to Saturday | 
| D.on each day in the week | 
If you can have free time only on weekends, you should take the course _________.
| A.Basic Photography | 
| B.Understanding Computers | 
| C.Stop Smoking | 
| D.Typing | 
I am here to announce my retirement from the game of basketball. It won't be another announcement to baseball or anything to that nature1.
 Mentally, I'm exhausted; I don't feel I have a challenge. Physically, I feel great. The last time in 1993 I had other agendas. I felt that I wanted to play baseball and I felt that at my age, it was a good opportunity and time to do it. And with the death of my father, and I was basically trying to deal with that.
 Actually I talked to Jerry last year once the season ended and I told Jerry at that time, mentally, I was a little exhausted. I didn't know if I would play next year. I wanted to put him on awareness so that he could possibly prepare going into next season. And Jerry, once we had our conversation, wanted me to take time as I did in 1993 to make sure that it was the right decision because it was going to be the final decision. I retired the first time when Phil Jackson was the coach. And I think that even with Phil being the coach I would have had a tough time, mentally finding the challenge for myself. Although he can somehow present challenges for me. I don't know if he could have presented the challenge for me to continue on to this season. Even though middle way of this season I wanted to continue to play a couple more years, but at the end of this season I was mentally drained and tired. So I can't say that he would have restored that. I will support the Chicago Bulls. I think the game itself is a lot bigger than Michael Jordan.The underlined sentence tells us Michael Jordan will retire from any games.
Michael Jordan once made an announcement of his retirement.
Michael Jordan isn’t strong enough to continue his games.
Michael Jordan thinks the game itself is more important than the player.
The main reason for Michael Jordan’s retirement is that the coach have had him suffered a tough time.
Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess, if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play with it until their hands were burnt away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear didn’t, a child would burn himself or herself again and again, because fear would not warn himself or herself to keep away from the fire that had burnt himself or herself before. A really fearless soldier—and some do exist, is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out.
 In our first sentence we suggested that fear should be properly used. If, for example, you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much. Even in your house you are not absolutely safe: an aeroplane may crash on your house, or ants may eat away some of the beams in your roof so that the latter falls on you, or you may get cancer!
 The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take.
 In many cases, you can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger. For example, you see a car coming straight towards you. Fear warns you, you jump out of the way, and all is well.
 In some cases, however, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger. For example, you can’t prevent an aeroplane crashing onto your house. In this case, fear has given you its warning; you have examined it and decided on your course of action, so fear of this particular danger is no longer of any use to you, and you have to try to overcome it.Children would play with fire until their hands were burnt away if _________.
| A.they were given no warning beforehand | 
| B.they had never burnt themselves | 
| C.they had no sense of pain | 
| D.they were fearful of the fire | 
A really fearless soldier _____________.
| A.is of great use to the army | 
| B.is not a real soldier | 
| C.is nothing but a dead soldier | 
| D.easily gets killed in a battle | 
People sometimes succeed in timely avoiding the danger because _________.
| A.they have gained experience | 
| B.they jump out of the way in time | 
| C.they are calm in the face of danger | 
| D.they are warned of the danger by fear and take quick action | 
What's the writer's suggestion when the danger can't be avoided?
| A.You have to try to overcome it. | 
| B.Fear can really help you to run away. | 
| C.Fear always helps you stay safe. | 
| D.Fear is of great use to you. | 
London—Sheep, like turkeys and ostriches, are not considered the most clever animals. British scientists said last Wednesday humans may have underestimated the woolly creature. They could be much smarter than we think.
 Researchers at the Babraham Institute in Cambridge, southern England, have shown that the animals have a good memory system and are extremely good at recognizing faces—which they think is a sure sign of intelligence.
 Behavioral scientist Keith Kendrick and his friends trained 20 sheep to recognize and distinguish 25 pairs of sheep faces and used electrodes (电极) to measure their brain activity , which showed they could remember 50 faces for up to two years .
 “If they can do that with faces, they have to have reasonable intelligence; otherwise, what is the point of having a system for remembering faces and not remembering anything else?” Kendrick said in an interview.
 So hours of seemingly mindless eating grass may not be so mindless after all.
 Kendrick believes sheep got their reputation as dumb (unable to speak, unintelligent) animals because they live in large groups and do not appear to have much individuality and are frightened of just about everything.
 “All animals, including humans, once they are frightened, don’t tend to show signs of intelligent action,” he explained.
 In research reported in the science journal Nature, Kendrick and his team showed that sheep, like humans, have a specialized system in the brain which allows them to distinguish between many different faces which look extremely similar.
 “The most important finding (of the study) is that they are able , both from a behavioral point of view and from looking at the way the brain is organized , to remember a large number of individuals for a very long time,” said Kendrick. “It is a very strange system. They are showing similar abilities in many ways to humans.”From the first paragraph we can find that______. .
| A.people used to think sheep are smarter than the other animals | 
| B.people used to raise sheep in a wrong way | 
| C.people don’t consider sheep as clever animals | 
| D.people have done a lot of research on sheep | 
From what Kendrick said in the interview we learn that_____. .
| A.scientists have learned everything about sheep’s intelligence | 
| B.scientists have learned a little about sheep’s intelligence | 
| C.scientists can’t do anything more about sheep’s memory | 
| D.scientists do not have to research animals’ memory | 
As is known in the passage,__________.
| A.sheep are among the week animals | 
| B.it is not right for people to raise sheep in groups | 
| C.when sheep eat grass in the field their minds may be active | 
| D.if people feel frightened, they may become braver | 
Too many people want others to be their friends, but they don’t give friendship back. That is why some friendships do not last very long. To have a friend, you must learn to be one. You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend treat you. Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules. Be honest; be generous; be understanding.
 Honesty is where a good friendship starts. Friends must be able to trust one another. If you do not tell the truth, people usually find out. If a friend finds out that you haven’t been honest you may lose your friends’ trust. Good friends always count on one another to speak and act honestly.
Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow. You do not have to give your lunch money on your clothes of course. Instead you have to learn how to share things you enjoy, like your hobbies and your interest. Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings. These can be very valuable to a friend.They tell your friend what is important to you. By sharing them you help your friend know you better.
 Sooner or later every one needs understanding and help with a problem. Something may go wrong at school. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem. So to be a friend you must listen and understand.You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place so you can understand the problem better.
 No two friendships are ever exactly alike. But all true friendships have three things in common. If you plan to keep your friends, you must practise honesty, generosity, and understanding.Some friendships don’t last very long because ____.
| A.there are too many people who want to make friends. | 
| B.those who never give others friendships receive no friendship from others. | 
| C.those who give others friendship receive friendship from others. | 
| D.they don’t know friendship is something serious. | 
According to the passage honesty is _____.
| A.something good | 
| B.the base of friendship | 
| C.as important as money | 
| D.more important than anything else | 
The underlined word “generosity” means _____.
| A.慷慨 | B.节约 | C.吝啬 | D.和气 | 
Which of the following isn’t mentioned (提及)in the passage?
| A.Always tell your friend the truth. | 
| B.Sharing your mind with your friend is of great value. | 
| C.Discussing your problems with your friend often helps to solve the problem. | 
| D.A friend who gives you his lunch money is a true friend. |