Ask three people to look out the same window at a busy street comer and tell you what they see. Chances are you will receive three different answers. Each person sees the same scene, but each perceives(察觉) something different about it.
Perceiving goes on in our minds. Of the three people who look out the window, one may say that he sees a policeman giving a motorist a ticket. Another may say that he sees a rush-hour traffic jam at the intersection. The third may tell you that he sees a woman trying to cross the street with four children in tow. For perception(感知) is the minds’ interpretation of what the senses — in this case our eyes — tell us.
Many psychologists(心理学家)today are working to try to determine just how a person experiences or perceives the world around him. Using a scientific approach, these psychologists set up experiments in which they can control all of the factors. By measuring and charting the results of many experiments, they are trying to find out what makes different people perceive totally different things about the same scene.Perceiving is an action that takes place ______.
| A．in our eyes | B．only when we think very hard about something |
| C．only under the direction of a psychologist | D．in every person’s mind |
People perceive different things about the same scene because ______.
| A．they see different things | B．they can not agree about things |
| C．some have better eyesight | D．none of these |
Psychologists study perception by ______.
| A．setting up many experiments | B．asking each other what they see |
| C．looking out of windows | D．studying people’s eyes |
The best title for this article is ______.
| A．How We See | B．Learning About Our Minds Through Science |
| C．What Psychologists Perceive | D．How To Become An Experimental Psychologist |
The Olympic Games are seen as the greatest test of an athlete’s ability and are supposed to celebrate the spirit of fair play. But in fact, sportsmen have been using drugs to cheat their way to victory since the Games first began.
In the early years, athletes ate mushrooms(蘑菇)and plant seeds to improve their performance. Nowadays, this kind of cheating has a name doping(服用兴奋剂).
Just last month, Britain’s top sprinter(赛跑选手) Dwain Chambers and several American athletes tested positive(呈阳性)for the drug THG. Until a coach secretly gave a sample of THG to scientists, no one knew how ho test for it.
“We’re like cops(警察)chasing criminals—athletes are always adapting and looking for areas we haven’t investigated,” said Jacquew de Ceaurriz, a French anti-doping expert.
Since the first drugs test was carried out at the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, many cheats have been caught out. The most famous case in history is that of Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson.
He broke the 100 meters world record in winning gold at the 1988 Seoul(汉城)Olympics. But days later, he tested positive for drug use, lost his gold medal and was banned from the sport. Five years later, he returned to action—only to be found positive again and banned forever.
China has also had problems with drug cheats. At the 1994 Asian Games, 11 Chinese athletes—seven of them swimmers—tested positive for banned drugs. Sports organizations promised that cheating on this scale would not happen again.
Experts are also worried that doping can damage a person’s health. It is believed to increase the risk of liver and kidney(肝肾)diseases, and women may experience reproductive(生育) problems. As long as they can stay ahead of the scientists, it is unlikely the cheats will stop. But experts say there is a limit to what can be achieved and that athletes will not be able to change their bodies using gene(基因)technology.
“For the moment, genetic doping does not exist,” said de Ceaurriz. “Even in 10 or 15 years it will not be done easily—the scientific community(界)will not let it happen.”Which of the following is not the way that some athletes cheat to their better sports achievements?
| A．Eating mushrooms. | B．Taking drug THG. |
| C．Taking genetic doping. | D．Eating plant seeds. |
How many countries are mentioned in the passage in which there were athletes doping?
| A．Two. | B．Four. | C．Sic. | D．Eight. |
We can infer from the passage that ____.
| A．scientists get a lot of information about drugs before the athletes take doping |
| B．taking doping will never happen again because of the serious test |
| C．few athletes used drug cheats before the first drugs test was carried out at the 1968 Olympics |
| D．problems with drug cheats are still serious though they are severely tested |
Which statement of the following is true?
| A．Many police are sent to chase criminals of taking doping during the Olympic Games. |
| B．The drug test was carried out until the 1968 Olympics. |
| C．There is the possibility that women athletes taking doping will give no birth to a child. |
| D．Ben Johnson was banned from sports forever for being tested positive for drug use at the 1988 Seoul Olympics. |
Thomas Edison was one of ten said to be the greatest genius of his age. There are only a few men in all of the history, who have changed the lives of other men as much as the inventor of the first useful electric light. But Edison could never be happy only because someone said he was a genius.“ There is no such thing as genius,” Edison said. He said that what people called genius was mostly hard work.
But Edison was a dreamer as well as a worker. From his earliest days as a child he wondered about the secrets of nature. Nature, he often said, is full of secrets. He tried to understand them; then, he tried to learn what could usefully be done with them.
Edison enjoyed thinking. He knew that most people will do almost anything instead of the difficult work of thinking, especially if they do not think very often. But he knew, too, that thinking can give men enjoyment and pleasure.
Edison could not understand how anyone could be uninterested in life. As he loved to think, he also loved to work. On the day he became 75 years old, someone asked him what ideas he had about life. “ Work,” he answered. “Discovering the secrets of nature and using them to make men happier.” He said he had enough inventions in his mind to give him another 100 years of work. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
| A．Edison invented the electric light. |
| B．Many other people have changed Edison’s life. |
| C．Edison has changed the life of many other people. |
| D．Few men in history can change other people’s life. |
Edison thought .
| A．he could be happy if he was a genius |
| B．genius plays the most important part in one’s success |
| C．hard work could do better than genius |
| D．genius could do better than hard work |
Edison was .
| A．very much interested in nature |
| B．interested in discovering the secrets of nature |
| C．interested in changing people’s ideas |
| D．uninterested in making people happier by discovering the secrets of nature |
In Edison’s opinion, .
| A．thinking can supply people with enjoyment and pleasure as well as help |
| B．people’s success lies mostly in genius |
| C．hard work is the second important thing in making people successful |
| D．there are few secrets for him to discover later |
Adults usually do not remember most of the things that are taught by their teachers at school. But this story is one such lesson that I will never forget. Every time I drift off course, I think of this story.
It was a normal Monday morning, and my teacher was teaching us on important things in life and about devoting ourselves to what is important to us. This is how the story went:
An old man lived in a certain part of London, and he would wake up every morning and go to the sub-way. He would get onto the train right to Central Lon-don, and then sit at the street corner and beg. He would do this every single day of his life. He sat at the same street corner and begged for almost 20 years.
His house was dirty, and a stench (恶臭) came out of the house and it smelled terrible. The neighbors could not stand the smell any more, so they called for the police officers to clear the place. The officers knocked down the door and cleaned the house. There were small bags of money all over the house that he had collected over the years.
The police counted the money, and they soon realized that the old man was a millionaire (百万富翁). They waited outside his house expecting to share the good news with him. When the old man arrived home that evening, one of the officers told him that there was no need for him to beg any more as he was a rich man now, a millionaire.
But the old man said nothing at all; he went into his house and locked the door. The next morning he woke up as usual, went to the subway, sat at the street corner and continued to beg.
Clearly, this old man had no great plans, dreams or anything significant (有意义的) for his life. We learn nothing from this story other than staying focused on the things we enjoy doing. The underlined part in the first paragraph may mean ______.
| A．I get tired of learning my subjects | B．I fail to listen to lessons attentively |
| C．I go in the wrong direction of life | D．I wouldn’t like to go to school |
The neighbor called the police because ______.
| A．the old man kept begging money from them every day |
| B．there was something dangerous in the old man’s house |
| C．the old man wouldn’t buy tickets for the train |
| D．they couldn’t bear the smell from the old man’s house |
When the old man knew he was a millionaire, he ______.
| A．remained calm | B．became excited | C．felt worried | D．became nervous |
What lesson do we learn from the story?
| A．Make great plans for your life. | B．Keep on doing what you like. |
| C．Do something that is good to society. | D．Depend on yourself rather than others. |
Young people and older people do not always agree. They sometimes have different ideas about living, working and playing. But in one special program in New York State, adults and teenagers live together in a friendly way.
Each summer 200 teenagers and 50 adults live together for eight weeks as members of a special work group. Everyone works several hours each day. They do so not just to keep busy but to find meaning and fun in work. Some teenagers work in the forests or on the farms near the village. Some learn to make things like tables and chairs and to build houses. The adults teach them these skills.
There are several free hours each day. Weekends are free, too .During the free hours some of the teenagers learn photo-taking or drawing. Others sit around and talk or sing. Each teenager chooses his own way to pass his free time.
When people live together, they should have rules. In this program the teenagers and the adults make the rules together. If someone breaks a rule, the problem goes before the whole group. They talk about it and ask, “Why did it happen? What should we do about it?”
One of the teenagers has said something about it: “You have to stop thinking only about yourself. You learn how to think about the group.” In one special program in New York State, young and older people_________.
| A．don’t work well together |
| B．live together like friends |
| C．teach one another new ways of building houses |
| D．spend eight weeks together, working as farmers |
All the members work some time every day mainly to_______.
| A．lead a busy life |
| B．learn new skills of farming |
| C．get used to the life on the farms |
| D．find useful things and pleasure in work |
Living together__________.
| A．the teenagers don’t have to obey the rules |
| B．the members have to obey the rules the adults make |
| C．the members have no free time but on weekends |
| D．the members should not break the rules they make together |
The last paragraph shows that the teenager thinks this the program is_________.
| A．unpleasant |
| B．tiring |
| C．helpful |
| D．boring |
The best title for the passage is ____________ .
| A．The Rules of Living Together |
| B．Life in New York State |
| C．Teenagers and Adults Together |
| D．Free Hours in the Special Work Group |
As prices and building costs keep rising, “the do-it-yourself”（DIY）trend（趋势） in the US continues to grow.
“We needed furniture for our living room,” says John Kose, “and we didn’t have enough money to buy it.” So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs. John got married six months ago, and like many young people these days, they are struggling （努力）to make a home when the cost of living is very high. The Koses took a 2-week course for $ 280 at a night school. Now they build all their furniture and make repairs around the house.
Jim Hatfield has three boys and his wife died. He has a full-time job at home as well as in a shoe-making factory. Last month, he received a car repair bill for $420. “I was very upset about it. Now I’ve finished a car repair course. I should be able to fix the car myself. ”
John and Jim are not unusual people. Most families in the country are doing everything they can save money so they can fight the high cost of living. If you want to become a “do-it-yourself”, you can go to DIY classes. And for those who don’t have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how to do things yourself.We know from the passage that many people ________ .
| A．seldom go to a department store to buy things |
| B．take DIY courses run by the government |
| C．like to learn to make their own furniture |
| D．find it hard to pay for what they need |
John and his wife went to evening classes to learn how to _______ .
| A．improve the quality of life |
| B．save time and money |
| C．make or repair things |
| D．run a DIY shop |
When the writer says that Jim has a full-time job at home, he means Jim ______.
| A．keeps house and looks after his children |
| B．does his own car and home repairs |
| C．does extra work at night |
| D．make shoes in his home |
Jim Hatfield decided to become a do-it-yourself when ______ .
| A．he had to raise the children all by himself |
| B．he could not possibly do two jobs |
| C．the car repair class was not helpful |
| D．his car repairs cost too much |
How can people learn DIY?
| A．Go to classes. |
| B．Read books. |
| C．Go to classes and read books. |
| D．The passage doesn't tell us. |