Research by Scotland Yard published in a London newspaper, has proven that knife crime
in London is a serious non – white phenomenon, with 165 of the 225 under- 18s accused of knife crime in the past three months being from the black or other non – white groups．
According to Scotland Yard, only 60 of the 225 crimes were white．Despite being a small minority of the knife holding criminals, whites did, however, make up the single largest group of victims of knife crime．
According to t
he Scotland Yard report, whites made up 222 of the 637 victims of knife crime over the last three months．This number could probably be higher, as 292 victims were not identified by race．
This month Scotland Yard Deputy Commissioner Sir Paul Stephenson suggested knife crime has replaced drug selling as the top concern 
for London police．
Sir Paul said so as he announced a specialist knife crime unit to deal with teenagers carrying knives in the capital．It will use a team of 75 specialist officers to find criminal group members and their supporters．
Detective Inspector, George Rhoden, president of the National Organisation of Black Law Enforcement Executives said, “In the black community we have all noticed that there is major concern about gun and knife crime．Clearly we are not the only part of the community affected by the problem of children who have no fathers, but parental responsibility should be of major concern.”
Around 59 percent of black Caribbean children and 54 percent of mixed – race youngsters are looked after by a lone parent．In the white British population, the number is 22 
percent．From the above, we can see that in knife crimes in London．
| A．there are more whites than blacks as victims |
| B．there are more blacks than whites as victims |
| C．blacks make up the smallest group of criminals |
| D．blacks make up the second largest group of criminals |
What Sir Paul Stephenson said suggests that ．
| A．drug selling has replaced knife crime as the top concern for London police |
B．drug selling had been the top concern for London police in the  past |
| C．knife crime used to be the top concern for London police |
| D．London police now pay no attention to drug selling |
What measure has the government taken to deal with the problem of knife crime?
| A．Punishing the parents of teenagers carrying knives． |
| B．Arresting the teenagers carrying knives． |
| C．Forming a specialist knife crime unit． |
| D．Fining the teenagers carrying knives． |
According to George Rhoden, which of the following factors contributes to so many young blacks turning to crime?
| A．That they are poorly educated． |
| B．That they are influenced by their fathers． |
| C．That many of them come from incomplete families． |
| D．That their parents are too busy to take care of them． |
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Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago . He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made . The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem . He could not figure it out . Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems .
However , Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant (有才华的) mathematician . Newton thought he had already worked out that problem , but he could not find the papers on which he had done it . He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆) .
Now Halley set to work .He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists . He made a surprising discovery . The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit . Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart (相隔).
This seemed very strange to Halley. The different comets followed the same orbit . The more Halley thought about it , the more he thought that there had not been three different comets , as people thought . He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times .The comet had gone away and had come back again .
It was an astonishing idea ! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction of what would happen in the future . He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested .
In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky . Halley did not see it , for he had died some years before . Ever since then that comet has been called Halley’s comet , in his honor .
67．Edmund Halley figured out the orbit of _______________.
A．some different comets appearing several times
B．the same comet appearing at different times
C．three different comets appearing three times
D．several comets appearing at the same time
68．Halley made his discovery_______________.
A．by doing experiments
B．by means of his own careful observation
C．by using the work of other scientists
D．by chance
69．Halley made a surprising , but correct prediction in the year __________ .
A．1704 B．1705 C．1706 D．1707
70．This passage in general is about _______________.
A．Halley and other scientists B．the orbit of a comet
C．Newton and Halley D．Halley and his discovery
71．According to the passage , which of the flowing is NOT true ?
A．Newton figured out the orbit of the comet .
B．Halley figured out the orbit of the comet first .
C．Newton gave Halley some help .
D．Halley died before 1758.
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The journey to the moon had been the first step toward future exploration(探险) in space. The distance between the Moon and Earth is very short indeed when compared with the distances between Earth and the other planets. Mars, the nearest planet to Earth is millions of miles away. Traveling to the planets will be man’s next aim. Such travels will be more challenging than the trip to the moon and certainly more adventurous.
Recently, two American spaceships, Vikings 1 and 2, landed on Mars trying to discover whether that planet has any life on it. So far the signs of life on Mars has neither confirmed(确认) nor ruled out. Russians have discovered that the surface of Venus(金星) is so hot that it is almost certain that there is no life there. Also the atmosphere of Venus is extremely dense(稠) and the pressure is nearly a hundred times greater than that of the Earth’s atmosphere.
Scientists believe man may find planets which have the same conditions as those we have on Earth , but man should realize Earth will be his only home for a long time and begin to love and care for it.
63. According to the passage, traveling to the planets will be ________.
A. much easier and even more interesting B. far more exciting and dangerous
C. man’s final aimD. man’s first step
64. Which of the following is Not true?
A. Mars is nearer to the earth than the moon.
B. The moon is much nearer to the earth than Mars.
C. Of all the planets, Mars is the nearest to the earth.
D. All the planets are much farther to the earth.
65. From the passage, we can guess_____.
A. there is life on Mars
B. there is no life on Mars
C. the atmosphere of Mars is not so dense as that of Venus
D. scientists will have little hope to find the answers
66. Man can live on under the conditions of _______.
A. much too hot surfaceB. the same pressure as we get on earth
C. normal atmosphere as we have on earth D. both B and C
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Damage to Ozone layer Gets Worse
In the middle of winter, when snow is falling in many parts of the United States, scientists have sounded a warning to people who plan to spend many hours in the sun this summer. The warning is: The sun’s summertime rays are more dangerous than once thought.
A team of scientists from 80 nations recently reported to the United Nations that a layer of ozone (臭氧层) in the atmosphere, which protects humans from harmful levels of ultraviolet radiation（紫外线辐射）, will be thinner over the United States this summer. The thinner layer allows more ultraviolet rays from the sun to reach Earth. The extra amount of ultraviolet radiation could cause an increase in the number of cases of skin cancer.
Scientists first became concerned about the ozone layer in the mid-1980s when a hole was discovered in the layer above Antarctica during the winter. The hole was caused by chemicals used in refrigerators and air conditioners. When these chemicals are sent out into the atmosphere, they produce gases that destroy the ozone.
Concern about the protective ozone layer rose more recently when data(数据) from satellites and ground stations showed that ozone levels were dropping over areas other than Antarctica. Low ozone levels were recorded in the spring and summer over the United States and over other populated areas in the world.
Although many countries have already begun stopping the use of ozone destroying chemicals, the new findings are expected to advance the timetable for a total ban(禁止) of the chemicals.
59. The scientists have observed the ozone layer_____.
A. since 1980 B. since last winter
C. for about 20 years D. for about one year
60. The ozone layer in the atmosphere can _____.
A. do a lot of good to human beings in many ways.
B. protect humans from diseases caused by bad weather.
C. do a lot of harm to human beings in the summer-time.
D. protect humans from harmful levels of ultraviolet radiation.
61. Scientists first found that there was a hole in the ozone layer_____.
A. above Arctic during the winter in the mid-1980s
B. above Antarctica during the winter in the mid-1980s
C. over somewhere in the north of the equator in 1980
D. over the U.S.A in the summertime in the mid-1980s
62. The damage to the ozone layer was caused by_____.
A. the changeable weather
B. ozone-destroying chemicals
C. chemicals from refrigerators
D. chemicals from air conditioners
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第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分,满分40分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
In the 1880’s, Mark Twain established and operated his own publishing firm. He also became interested in various investments, especially an elaborate typesetting machine. He lost almost $200,000 in investments in the machine between 1881 and 1894. Also, his publishing company declared bankruptcy (破产) in April 1894. Thus, in January 1895, Mark Twain found himself publicly shamed by his inability to pay his debts.
Mark Twain eventually recovered from his financial difficulties, through his continued writing and a successful lecture tour in 1895 and 1896. During this much-publicized tour, Twain lectured in such places as India, South Africa and Australia. By the time he returned, he had become an international hero. Twain enjoyed this attention, and his habits of smoking cigars or a pipe and wearing unconventional white suits contributed to his showy image. He also made use of his position as a public figure to criticize the US foreign policy.
Although he was recovering from his financial problems by 1898, Mark Twain had begun to experience tragedy in his personal life. Susy, his oldest daughter, died of meningitis (脑膜炎) in 1896, while her parents and sister Clara were abroad. In 1903, Mark Twain sold the beloved house in Hartford, which had become too closely associated with Susy's death. His wife, Olivia, who had developed a heart condition, died on June 5, 1904. His youngest daughter, Jean, died on Dec. 24, 1909.
56. Which is not the reason why Mark Twain found himself in debt?
A.Because he devoted all his energy to his writings.
B.Because his publishing firm bankruptcy.
C.He lost almost $ 200 000 in investments in the machine between 1881 and 1894
D.Because he lost a large quantity of money in various investments.
57. How did Mark Twain pay off his debts?
A.By borrowing money from the bank.
B.By investing in foreign countries.
C.By writing articles and a successful lecture tour.
D.By printing his own articles and selling them for money.
58. It can be inferred that Mark Twain ________________.
A.hated smoking cigars
B.liked wearing black clothes
C.hated the US foreign policy at that time
D.hated giving lectures in the foreign countries
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The United States will introduce a new and comprehensive(综合的) exam for students who seek to study in American and other English-speaking countries, Xinhua News Agency reported from New York.
The exam, which stands for a great change from the current English level test, was disclosed by Theresa Chang Wei Jen, associate director of the International Service of the US College Board, America’s leading educational organization.
The Advanced Placement International English Language (APIEL) will be offered for the first time throughout the world on May 10, 2002, said Jen.
However, the APIEL is a strange title to most Chinese students, and it is unlikely to soon gain the similarity of other already existing exams, such as the TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language), the GRE(Graduate Record Examination), or the IELTS(International English Language Testing System).
“I have never heard of such a test and I would prefer the IELTS if I need another exam,” said Xu Jingyan, a graduating student from Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, who wants to study in England and has already taken the TOEFL.
Most of Xu’s classmates have never heard of the APIEL. “The APIEL is designed for international students who wish to get university studies in English-speaking countries, including the United States, Britain, Canada, and Australia.” said Jen.
The APIEL has been adopted, said Jen, because the TOEFL can no longer accurately reflect the abilities of students of using the English language comprehensively in an academic environment. Xinhua reported that a fairly large number of foreign students who earned high scores in TOEFL exam turned out to be very ordinary educational performers after admission.
Compared with the TOEFL, the APIEL measures a student’s ability to read, write, speak and understand English through testing his or her skills in listening comprehension, speaking with accuracy(精确) and resourcefulness, and writing with clarity and fluency(流畅), Jen said.
72. The United States will introduce a new exam because _______.
A. more and more students want to get further education in the USA
B. the Chinese people pay special attention to English studies with China’s entry into the WTO
C. the already existing exam systems seem to be far from perfect
D. it will bring the US government quite a lot of money
73. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the selection？
A. It will take quite a period of time for people to accept the APIEL.
B. The TOEFL is more popular with the Chinese than the IELTS.
C. A student will have to take the APIEL if he or she wants to study in English—speaking countries from 2002.
D. Chinese students will prefer the IELTS rather than the APIEL even in the future.
74. The underlined word “current” in the second paragraph means _______.
A. modern B. present C. standard D. formal
75. Please decide which of the following would be the best title for this news report.
A. The Key to English-speaking Countries B. The Four Skills in Learning English
C. TOEFL, IELTS and GRE to be Out of DateD. New Exam Designed for Students