Barbara and Barry Zucker – Pinchoff, both doctors from New York City, took their three daughters on a walking safari（旅行）last year in Tanzania. Barbara told about their experience in Kinbero, “It is the most remote（遥远的）place we have ever been to,” camping with a few other Americans, two Tanzanian guides, and several Hadza（哈扎人）who had time to sit and chat because they had just killed a giraffe.
About 400 members of the Eastern Hadza tribe（部落）live in Tanzania today, the only hunter-gatherers who remain in Africa. The Hadza hunt game, gather edible plants and honey, and move from place to place whenever the weather changers. Every two weeks or so, they move to a new campsite.
At the Pinchoffs’ campsite, three Hadza men stopped by to visit and ended up staying three days. One of the guides gave the men a cigarette. They took out the tobacco, put it in a pipe, and lit the pipe with fire they started.
It takes less than two hours for Hadza women to build a new camp. They make huts（茅屋）by bending branches into round structures about six feet high, and then covering them with long, golden grass. If the weather is very wet, the women may choose a dry cave to set up a camp. Some rock caves have been used over thousands of years and are decorated（装饰）with ancient rock paintings. Whether they sleep in huts, caves or in the open, the Hadza cover themselves only with thin cloths and depend on fire to keep them warm.
The Hadza refuse to be “settled” into villages or to have the life of farmers. By 1979, almost all of them had returned to their old ways. They Hadza may be the only tribe in Africa the has never paid taxes. The passage mainly tells up .
| A．one of the author’s travel experiences |
| B．the life of the Hadza tribe in Tanzania |
| C．Barbara’s walking safari in Tanzania |
| D．the efforts of the Hadza to keep their old ways |
What does the underlined word “game” ( in Paragraph 2 ) probably refer to?
| A．Part of a match. | B．Edible wild animals. |
| C．An area of work. | D．A children’s activity. |
What do we know about the life of the Hadza?
| A．They change their campsites regularly. | B．They live mainly on farming. |
| C．They keep warm using leaves at night. | D．It takes them a long time to set up a camp. |
Where do the Hadza live in wet weather?
| A．On the farm. | B．In huts. | C．In caves. | D．In the open. |
"Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday？"Lindsey whipers to Tori．
With her eyes shining，Tori brags，"You bet I did，Sean told me two days ago．"
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about？It just happens to be yours truly，Adam Freedmam，I can tell you that what they are saying is （a） not nice and （b） not even true．Still，Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton Higt School，including me．Many of our conversations are gossip（闲话）．I have noticed three effects of gossip：it can hurt people，it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction，and it can cause social pressures in a group．
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about．Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic﹣breakups，trouble at home，even dropping out﹣that a person would rather keep secret．The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the juicier the gossip it makes．Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie．People often think of gossipers as harmless，but cruel lies can cause pain．
If we know that gossip can be harmful，then why do so many of us do it？Tht answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us．Sharing the latest rumor（传言）can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't．Similarly，hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the"in group．"In other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority（优越感）．
Gossip also can have a third effect：it strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act．Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group．Translated into high school terms，this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said，then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention．The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook．
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation．The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，thing about why you want to gossip and what effects your"juicy story"might have．
41．The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passahe to ．
| A． |
introduce a topic |
| B． |
present an argument |
| C． |
describe the characters |
| D． |
clarify his writing purpose |
42．An important negative effects of gossip is that it ．
| A． |
breaks up relationships |
| B． |
embarrasses the listener |
| C． |
spreads information around |
| D． |
causes unpleasant experiences |
43．In the author's opinion，many people like to gossip because it ．
| A． |
gives them a feeling of pleasure |
| B． |
helps them to make more friends |
| C． |
makes them better at telling stories |
| D． |
enables them to meet important people |
44．Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can ．
| A． |
provide students with written rules |
| B． |
help people watch their own behaviors |
| C． |
force school to impove student handbooks |
| D． |
attract the police's attention to group behaviors |
45．What advice does the author give in the passage？
| A． |
Never become a gossiper |
| B． |
Stay away from gossipers |
| C． |
Don't let gossip turn into lies |
| D． |
Think twice before you gossip． |
Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion（拥堵） at some of the country's busiest stations．
In the first move of its kind，all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity（容量） at the height of the rush hour．
A six﹣month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid﹣April，eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left．The move，imitating a similar structure in Far Eastern cities such as Hong Kong，is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times．it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years．
According to London Underground，only 40percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators，leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the"standing"side．
A three﹣week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any one time of could be raised by almost a third．Peter McNaught，operations director at London Underground，said："It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still，but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true．This new six﹣month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term．"
Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4high．Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up﹣meaning only one side was used at all times．Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5to ban walking．
The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2，500people between 8：30am and 9：30am on a typical day，rising to 3，250during the researching period．
In the new trial，which will be launched from April 18，one of three"up"escalators will be standing only，with a second banning walking at peak times．A third will remain a mix of walking and standing．
（Note：Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．）
78．What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left？
79．What did last year's three﹣week trial at Holborn station prove？
80．The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least in height．
81．In the new trail，in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours，the other"up"escalators will be used for ．
I have two sons．They are as different as night and day．My youngest is sweet, loveable, easy-going, and finds joy in everything．My oldest we’ve nicknamed the “Evil Genius” is ambitious, self-confident, and suffers no fools．
Whenever we mentioned Santa my husband and I were rewarded with major eye rolling and deep sighs from my oldest．At first we both tried to ignore it．
We both knew that our eldest had figured out the big secret．But I’d be damned(指责) if he was going to ruin it for his six-year-old brother who had plenty of Santa-loving years ahead of him．I looked at my husband in the eye and said, “I’ll handle this．” to which he responded “Okay just be careful because I’m not sure he knows - he might just be acting like it．” But I knew．And I had it in my mind that he was about to break his younger brothers spirit and break the news to him．I was afraid he was going to take the Christmas spirit away from my sweet innocent youngest and stamp all over it．I had to protect him．I needed to control this now before it got out of control．I rushed into the play room where my oldest was playing alone．I looked him dead in the eyes and said: “Well you know Santa isn’t real, right?” And as I stared at my eight-year-old son for what seemed like a long time of silence, his eyes started to fill with tears． And a tear dropped down his cheek when he screamed out, “He’s not?”
“Um well it’s not that he’s not real (shut up you idiot- stop saying he’s not real), but he doesn’t really make and deliver all the toys．Dad and I get some of them for you．So he’s real．He’s just got a little help from us．”
The Evil Genius wasn’t buying it．He just sat there looking at me with an expression of doubt．
You know when you make a terrible mistake but you can’t stop yourself from making it worse? That was me because I just had to know．I had to know why he had seemed to be over Santa． So I asked him why he rolled his eyes and sighed every time his father and I mentioned Santa, to which he replied that kids at school had been saying Santa wasn't real but that he still thought he was．What’s the best title for the passage?
| A．Two different sons |
| B．Santa secret given away |
| C．Protecting one, ruining the other |
| D．Making a mistake worse |
What did the writer conclude when “Evil Genius” rolled his eyes and sighed?
| A．“Evil Genius” had discovered Santa was not real． |
| B．“Evil Genius” had broken the secret to his younger brother． |
| C．“Evil Genius” had passed his Santa-loving years． |
| D．“Evil Genius” had been influenced by his classmates． |
What does the underlined sentence mean in the passage?
| A．“Evil Genius” refused to buy toys． |
| B．“Evil Genius” didn’t believe his mother’s words． |
| C．“Evil Genius” wanted to keep silent． |
| D．“Evil Genius” would not give away the secret． |
What lesson can we learn from the story?
| A．Lies can never change facts． |
| B．Honesty is the best policy． |
| C．No one is perfect． |
| D．We should think twice before we act． |
“People are ruder today because they are rushed and more ‘time poor’ than ever before,” says Patsy Rowe, “ Manners have fallen off the radar(雷达)．” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder that more people don’t wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with complaining about the noise．Here are some examples of rudeness．
Some people prefer to do almost everything over the Internet．To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward． It feels very slow because humans don’t work at 4G speeds．When you have dinner with friends, you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone．We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings life-changing news, so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with．What is worse, some people even tend to send anonymous（匿名的）rude messages by email．
However, rudeness is never acceptable．Don’t assume it is OK to be rude if the person you’re in touch with won’t recognize you．If you have something awful to say, have the courage to face the person and say it, write a letter or email and sign it, or forget it．Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting．
We shouldn’t blame technology for our shortcomings．Technology is here to help us, but we should not allow it to take over our lives．An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings．People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if we’d publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?
| A．People can tell good from bad behavior． |
| B．Radar is able to observe human behavior． |
| C．People care little about their behavior． |
| D．Radar can be used to predict human behavior． |
Some people are less willing to deal with humans because__________．
| A．they are becoming less patient |
| B．they are growing too independent |
| C．they have to handle many important messages |
| D．they have to follow an evolutionary step backward． |
The author thinks sending unsigned awful messages is ___________．
| A．Ridiculous |
| B．disgusting |
| C．acceptable |
| D．reasonable |
What can we learn from the last paragraph?
| A．We should applaud good behavior． |
| B．Technology can never be blamed |
| C．We should keep pointing out mistakes． |
| D．Technology will take over lives one day． |
Death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying? Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two phases --- clinical or temporary death and biological death．Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered permanent damage．The organism can still be revived(复活)．Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the “breaking up” of vital cells and tissues．Death is then unchangeable and final．
Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs．The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic sleep．By slowing down the body’s metabolism(新陈代谢), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death．
To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta． The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic． Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature．When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery．The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped: clinical death set in．For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state．Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees．At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing．After two minutes Keta’s heart became active once more．After fifteen minutes, spontaneous(自发的)breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head． After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe and ran with it around the room．Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal．For a person who suffers from the clinical death, _________．
| A．his most important organs are damaged． |
| B．he still has the possibility of getting back to life． |
| C．he can not avoid final death． |
| D．he is still very much alive |
Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to __________．
| A．slow down the body’s metabolism． |
| B．bring vital cells and tissues back to active life． |
| C．cool the organism． |
| D．delay the coming of biological death． |
How did the scientists put Keta into clinical death?
A． By putting her to sleep, lowering her temperature and draining her blooD．
B． By surrounding her body with ice-bags and draining her blood．
C． By lowing her blood pressure and stopping her heart from beating．
D． By draining her blood, lowering her blood pressure and stopping her breathing． All of the following indicate that the monkey has almost restored to her original physical state except the fact that__________．
| A．her heart beat again． |
| B．she regained her normal breath． |
| C．she rejected a penicillin injection． |
| D．she acted as lively as a healthy monkey． |